Ngokusho kombiko we-Future Trends of Hydrogen Energy okhishwe yi-International Hydrogen Energy Commission, isidingo somhlaba wonke samandla e-hydrogen sizokhula ngokuphindwe kayishumi ngo-2050 futhi sifinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-520 ngo-2070. Yiqiniso, isidingo samandla e-hydrogen kunoma iyiphi imboni sihilela lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen, ukugcinwa kanye nokuthuthwa, ukuhweba nge-hydrogen, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen. Ngokusho kweKomidi Lamazwe Ngamazwe Lamandla e-Hydrogen, inani lomkhiqizo wochungechunge lwemboni ye-hydrogen yomhlaba wonke lizodlula amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.5 ngo-2050.
Ngokusekelwe esimweni esikhulu sokusetshenziswa kwamandla e-hydrogen kanye nenani elikhulu le-industrial chain, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla e-hydrogen akubanga nje indlela ebalulekile yamazwe amaningi yokufeza ukuguqulwa kwamandla, kodwa futhi kwaba yingxenye ebalulekile yokuncintisana kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, amazwe nezifunda ezingu-42 zikhiphe izinqubomgomo zamandla e-hydrogen, kanti amazwe nezifunda ezingu-36 zilungiselela izinqubomgomo zamandla e-hydrogen.
Emakethe yokuncintisana kwamandla e-hydrogen emhlabeni wonke, amazwe asafufusa emakethe ahlose ngasikhathi sinye imboni ye-hydrogen eluhlaza. Isibonelo, uhulumeni waseNdiya wabe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.3 ukusekela imboni ye-hydrogen eluhlaza, iphrojekthi yedolobha laseSaudi Arabia i-super future NEOM ihlose ukwakha isitshalo sokukhiqiza i-hydrogen hydrolysis hydropower esinama-gigawatts angaphezu kwama-2 endaweni yaso, kanti i-United Arab Emirates ihlela ukusebenzisa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-400 minyaka yonke eminyakeni emihlanu ukuze kwandiswe imakethe ye-hydrogen eluhlaza. IBrazil neChile eNingizimu Melika kanye neGibhithe neNamibia e-Afrika nazo zimemezele izinhlelo zokutshala imali ku-hydrogen eluhlaza. Ngenxa yalokho, i-International Energy Organisation ibikezela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza emhlabeni wonke kuzofinyelela amathani angu-36,000 ngo-2030 kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-320 ngo-2050.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla e-hydrogen emazweni athuthukile kukhulu kakhulu futhi kubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme ezindleleni zokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen. Ngokusho kwe-National Clean Hydrogen Energy Strategy and Roadmap ekhishwe yi-US Department of Energy, isidingo se-hydrogen sasekhaya e-US sizokhuphuka sifike kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-10, amathani ayizigidi ezingama-20 kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingama-50 ngonyaka ngokulandelana ngo-2030, 2040 kanye no-2050. Okwamanje, izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen zizoncishiswa zibe ngu-$2 ngekhilogremu ngo-2030 kanye no-$1 ngekhilogremu ngo-2035. Umthetho waseNingizimu Korea Wokukhuthaza Umnotho we-Hydrogen kanye Nokuphathwa Kokuphepha kwe-Hydrogen nawo ubeka phambili umgomo wokufaka esikhundleni sikawoyela ongahluziwe ongenisiwe nge-hydrogen engenisiwe ngo-2050. IJapan izobuyekeza isu layo eliyisisekelo lamandla e-hydrogen ekupheleni kukaMeyi ukuze yandise ukungeniswa kwamandla e-hydrogen, futhi igcizelele isidingo sokusheshisa ukutshalwa kwezimali ekwakheni uchungechunge lokuphakelwa komhlaba wonke.
IYurophu nayo yenza izinyathelo eziqhubekayo ngamandla e-hydrogen. Uhlelo lwe-EU Repower EU luhlongoza ukufeza umgomo wokukhiqiza nokungenisa amathani ayizigidi eziyi-10 e-hydrogen evuselelekayo ngonyaka ngo-2030. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-EU izohlinzeka ngokusekelwa ngezimali kwamandla e-hydrogen ngokusebenzisa amaphrojekthi amaningana njenge-European Hydrogen Bank kanye ne-Investment Europe Plan.
ILondon – I-Renewable Hydrogen ingathengiswa ngemali engaphansi kwe-euro/kg ngaphansi kwemigomo yeBhange eyanyatheliswa yiKhomishini yaseYurophu ngoMashi 31 uma abakhiqizi bethola ukwesekwa okuphezulu okuvela eBhange le-European Hydrogen, kusho idatha ye-ICIS.
Leli bhange, elamenyezelwa ngoSepthemba 2022, lihlose ukusekela abakhiqizi be-hydrogen ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokubhida endalini olubala ababhidayo ngokusekelwe entengo ngekhilogremu ye-hydrogen.
Isebenzisa i-Innovation Fund, iKhomishini izokwabela ama-€800m endalini yokuqala yokuthola ukwesekwa yi-European Development Bank, kanye nezibonelelo ezilinganiselwe kuma-€4 ngekhilogramu. I-hydrogen ezodayiswa kumele ihambisane noMthetho Wokugunyazwa Kwamafutha Avuselelekayo (RFNBO), owaziwa nangokuthi i-Renewable Hydrogen, futhi iphrojekthi kumele ifinyelele umthamo ogcwele zingakapheli iminyaka emithathu nesigamu yokuthola uxhaso. Uma ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kuqala, imali izotholakala.
Umbhidi ophumelelayo uzothola inani elinqunyiwe, ngokusekelwe enanini lamabhidi, iminyaka eyishumi. Ababhidi abakwazi ukufinyelela ngaphezu kuka-33% wesabelomali esitholakalayo futhi kumele babe nosayizi wephrojekthi okungenani ongu-5MW.
€1 ngekhilogramu ye-hydrogen
INetherlands izokhiqiza i-hydrogen evuselelekayo kusukela ngo-2026 isebenzisa isivumelwano sokuthenga amandla avuselelekayo seminyaka eyi-10 (PPA) ngezindleko zama-euro angu-4.58/kg ngesisekelo sokwephulwa kwesilinganiso sephrojekthi, ngokusho kwedatha yokuhlola ka-ICIS yango-Ephreli 4. Nge-hydrogen evuselelekayo ye-PPA yeminyaka eyi-10, i-ICIS ibale ukubuyiselwa kwemali etshaliwe ku-electrolyzer ngesikhathi se-PPA, okusho ukuthi izindleko zizobuyiswa ekupheleni kwesikhathi soxhaso.
Njengoba abakhiqizi be-hydrogen bengathola uxhaso oluphelele lwe-€4 ngekhilogremu, lokhu kusho ukuthi kudingeka i-€0.58 ngekhilogremu ye-hydrogen kuphela ukuze kufezwe ukubuyiselwa kwezindleko zemali. Abakhiqizi badinga ukukhokhisa abathengi imali engaphansi kwe-euro eyi-1 ngekhilogremu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iphrojekthi iyalingana.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-10-2023