I-wafer ye-silicon

I-wafer ye-silicon

kusuka ku-sitronic

Ai-waferucezu lwe-silicon olucishe lube yi-1 millimeter ubukhulu olunobuso obuyisicaba kakhulu ngenxa yezinqubo ezidinga kakhulu ubuchwepheshe. Ukusetshenziswa okulandelayo kunquma ukuthi iyiphi inqubo yokukhulisa ikristalu okufanele isetshenziswe. Enqubweni ye-Czochralski, isibonelo, i-polycrystalline silicon iyancibilika bese kuthi ikristalu yembewu encane njengepensela ifakwe ku-silicon encibilikisiwe. Ikristalu yembewu bese ijikeleziswa bese idonswa kancane kancane phezulu. Kuvela i-colossus esindayo kakhulu, i-monocrystal. Kungenzeka ukukhetha izici zikagesi ze-monocrystal ngokungeza amayunithi amancane ama-dopants ahlanzekile kakhulu. Amakristalu afakwa ngokuhambisana nemininingwane yekhasimende bese epholishwa futhi anqunywe abe yizicucu. Ngemuva kwezinyathelo ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza ezengeziwe, ikhasimende lithola ama-wafer alo acacisiwe ekupakishweni okukhethekile, okuvumela ikhasimende ukuthi lisebenzisei-waferngokushesha emgqeni wayo wokukhiqiza.

Namuhla, ingxenye enkulu yama-silicon monocrystals ikhuliswa ngokwenqubo ye-Czochralski, ehilela ukuncibilikisa i-polycrystalline high-purity silicon ku-hyperpure quartz crucible bese kungezwa i-dopant (ngokuvamile i-B, i-P, i-As, i-Sb). I-crystal encane, yembewu ye-monocrystalline ifakwa ku-silicon encibilikisiwe. I-CZ crystal enkulu bese ikhula kule kristalu encane. Ukulawulwa okunembile kokushisa nokugeleza kwe-silicon encibilikisiwe, ukujikeleza kwe-crystal kanye ne-crucible, kanye nesivinini sokudonsa i-crystal kuphumela ku-silicon ingot esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu ye-monocrystalline.