[Yawan kuzarin batirin lithium a nan gaba zai iya kaiwa sau 1.5 zuwa sau 2 na wutar lantarki, wanda ke nufin cewa batirin zai ƙanƙanta.]
[Rage farashin batirin lithium-ion ya kai matsakaicin tsakanin kashi 10% zuwa 30%. Yana da wuya a raba rabin farashin.]
Daga wayoyin komai da ruwanka zuwa motocin lantarki, fasahar batir tana shiga kowace fanni a hankali a rayuwa. To, wane alkibla batirin nan gaba zai bunƙasa kuma waɗanne canje-canje zai kawo wa al'umma? Da yake la'akari da waɗannan tambayoyin, wakilin First Financial ya yi hira da Akira Yoshino a watan da ya gabata, wata ƙwararriyar masaniyar Japan wacce ta lashe kyautar Nobel a fannin sinadarai don batura lithium-ion a wannan shekarar.
A ra'ayin Yoshino, batirin lithium-ion zai ci gaba da mamaye masana'antar batirin a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa. Ci gaban sabbin fasahohi kamar fasahar wucin gadi da Intanet na Abubuwa zai kawo canje-canje "marasa tunani" ga yuwuwar amfani da batirin lithium-ion.
Canji mara misaltuwa
Lokacin da Yoshino ya fahimci kalmar "mai ɗaukuwa", ya fahimci cewa al'umma tana buƙatar sabon batir. A shekarar 1983, an haifi batirin lithium na farko a duniya a Japan. Yoshino Akira ya samar da samfurin farko na batirin lithium-ion mai caji a duniya, kuma zai ba da gudummawa mai kyau ga haɓaka batirin lithium-ion da ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin wayoyin komai da ruwanka da motocin lantarki a nan gaba.
A watan da ya gabata, Akira Yoshino ta ce a wata hira ta musamman da ta yi da mujallar Financial Journalist ta 1 cewa bayan ta gano cewa ya lashe kyautar Nobel, "ba shi da wani ra'ayi na gaske." "Cikakkun hirarrakin daga baya sun sa ni cikin aiki sosai, kuma ban yi farin ciki sosai ba." Akira Yoshino ta ce. "Amma yayin da ranar karbar kyaututtukan a watan Disamba ke kara gabatowa, gaskiyar kyaututtukan ta kara karfi."
A cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, masana 27 na Japan ko Japan sun lashe kyautar Nobel a fannin Sinadarai, amma biyu ne kawai daga cikinsu, ciki har da Akira Yoshino, suka sami kyaututtuka a matsayin masu bincike na kamfanoni. "A Japan, masu bincike daga cibiyoyin bincike da jami'o'i galibi suna samun kyaututtuka, kuma kaɗan ne daga cikin masu bincike na kamfanoni daga masana'antar suka sami kyaututtuka." Akira Yoshino ta shaida wa First Financial Journalist. Ya kuma jaddada tsammanin masana'antar. Ya yi imanin cewa akwai bincike mai yawa na matakin Nobel a cikin kamfanin, amma masana'antar Japan ya kamata ta inganta jagoranci da ingancinta.
Yoshino Akira ya yi imanin cewa haɓaka sabbin fasahohi kamar fasahar kere-kere da Intanet na Abubuwa za su kawo canje-canje "marasa tunani" ga yuwuwar amfani da batirin lithium-ion. Misali, ci gaban software zai hanzarta tsarin ƙirar batir da haɓaka sabbin kayayyaki, kuma yana iya shafar amfani da batir, yana ba da damar amfani da batir a cikin mafi kyawun yanayi.
Yoshino Akira shi ma yana da matukar damuwa game da gudummawar da bincikensa ya bayar wajen magance matsalolin sauyin yanayi na duniya. Ya shaida wa ɗan jaridar kuɗi na farko cewa an ba shi kyautar ne saboda dalilai biyu. Na farko shine don bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban al'umma mai wayo ta wayar hannu; na biyu shine samar da wata hanya mai mahimmanci don kare muhallin duniya. "Gudunmawar da ake bayarwa ga kare muhalli za ta ƙara bayyana a nan gaba. A lokaci guda, wannan kuma babbar dama ce ta kasuwanci." Akira Yoshino ta shaida wa wani ɗan jaridar kuɗi.
Yoshino Akira ya shaida wa ɗalibai a lokacin wani lacca a Jami'ar Meijo a matsayin farfesa cewa idan aka yi la'akari da yawan tsammanin jama'a game da amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa da batura a matsayin wani mataki na magance ɗumamar yanayi, zai gabatar da nasa Bayanan, gami da tunani kan batutuwan muhalli.
Wa zai mamaye masana'antar batir
Ci gaban fasahar batir ya haifar da juyin juya halin makamashi. Daga wayoyin komai da ruwanka zuwa motocin lantarki, fasahar batir ta ko'ina, tana canza kowane fanni na rayuwar mutane. Ko batirin nan gaba zai ƙara ƙarfi da ƙarancin farashi zai shafi kowannenmu.
A halin yanzu, masana'antar ta himmatu wajen inganta tsaron batirin tare da ƙara yawan kuzarin batirin. Inganta aikin batirin kuma yana taimakawa wajen magance sauyin yanayi ta hanyar amfani da makamashin da ake sabuntawa.
A ra'ayin Yoshino, batirin lithium-ion zai ci gaba da mamaye masana'antar batirin a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa, amma ci gaba da haɓaka sabbin fasahohi zai kuma ci gaba da ƙarfafa kimantawa da hasashen masana'antar. Yoshino Akira ya shaida wa First Business News cewa yawan kuzarin batirin lithium a nan gaba na iya kaiwa sau 1.5 zuwa sau 2 na wutar lantarki, wanda ke nufin cewa batirin zai zama ƙarami. "Wannan yana rage kayan kuma don haka rage farashi, amma ba za a sami raguwa mai yawa a farashin kayan ba." Ya ce, "Rage farashin batirin lithium-ion ya fi tsakanin kashi 10% zuwa 30%. Ina son rage farashin rabi ya fi wahala."
Shin na'urorin lantarki za su yi caji da sauri a nan gaba? A martanin da ta mayar, Akira Yoshino ta ce wayar hannu za ta cika cikin mintuna 5-10, wanda aka samu a dakin gwaje-gwaje. Amma caji da sauri yana buƙatar ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi, wanda zai shafi rayuwar batir. A yanayi da yawa a zahiri, mutane ba sa buƙatar caji da sauri musamman.
Tun daga farkon batirin gubar-acid, zuwa batirin hydride na nickel-metal waɗanda sune ginshiƙan kamfanonin Japan kamar Toyota, zuwa batirin lithium-ion da Tesla Roaster ke amfani da shi a 2008, batirin lithium-ion na ruwa na gargajiya sun mamaye kasuwar batirin wutar lantarki tsawon shekaru goma. A nan gaba, sabanin da ke tsakanin yawan kuzari da buƙatun aminci da fasahar batirin lithium-ion na gargajiya zai ƙara bayyana.
A martanin da Akira Yoshino ta mayar ga gwaje-gwaje da kayayyakin batirin solid-state daga kamfanonin ƙasashen waje, ta ce: "Ina tsammanin batirin solid-state yana wakiltar alkiblar gaba, kuma har yanzu akwai sarari da yawa don ingantawa. Ina fatan ganin sabon ci gaba nan ba da jimawa ba."
Ya kuma ce batirin solid-state suna kama da batirin lithium-ion a fasaha. "Ta hanyar inganta fasaha, saurin ninkaya na lithium ion a ƙarshe zai iya kaiwa kusan sau 4 na saurin da ake da shi a yanzu." Akira Yoshino ta shaida wa wani ɗan jarida a First Business News.
Batirin ƙarfin lantarki sune batirin lithium-ion waɗanda ke amfani da electrolytes masu ƙarfi. Saboda electrolytes masu ƙarfi suna maye gurbin electrolyte mai fashewa a cikin batirin lithium-ion na gargajiya, wannan yana magance manyan matsaloli guda biyu na yawan kuzari mai yawa da kuma aikin aminci mai girma. Ana amfani da electrolytes masu ƙarfi a cikin makamashi iri ɗaya Batirin da ke maye gurbin electrolyte yana da yawan kuzari mai yawa, a lokaci guda yana da ƙarin ƙarfi da tsawon lokacin amfani, wanda shine yanayin ci gaban batirin lithium na gaba.
Amma batirin solid-state suma suna fuskantar ƙalubale kamar rage farashi, inganta amincin sinadaran solid-electrolytes, da kuma kiyaye hulɗa tsakanin electrodes da electrolytes yayin caji da fitarwa. A halin yanzu, manyan kamfanonin motoci na duniya da yawa suna saka hannun jari sosai a fannin bincike da haɓaka batirin solid-state. Misali, Toyota tana haɓaka batirin solid-state, amma ba a bayyana farashinsa ba. Cibiyoyin bincike sun yi hasashen cewa nan da shekarar 2030, ana sa ran buƙatar batirin solid-state a duniya zai kai 500 GWh.
Farfesa Whitingham, wanda ya raba kyautar Nobel tare da Akira Yoshino, ya ce batirin solid-state na iya zama na farko da ake amfani da shi a cikin ƙananan na'urorin lantarki kamar wayoyin komai da ruwanka. "Domin har yanzu akwai manyan matsaloli a cikin amfani da manyan tsarin." in ji Farfesa Wittingham.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-16-2019