[Tērā pea ka eke te kaha o ngā pākahiko lithium ki te 1.5 ki te 2 ngā wā o te iahiko ā muri ake nei, ko te tikanga ka iti haere ngā pākahiko.]
[Ko te awhe whakaheke utu mō te pākahiko lithium-ion kei waenganui i te 10% me te 30%. He uaua ki te whakaheke i te utu ki te haurua.]
Mai i ngā waea atamai ki ngā motuka hiko, kei te uru haere te hangarau pākahiko ki ngā āhuatanga katoa o te ao. Nō reira, ko tēhea te ahunga ka whanakehia e te pākahiko ā muri ake nei, ā, he aha ngā huringa ka kawea mai e ia ki te hapori? Me ēnei pātai i roto i te hinengaro, i uiuitia e te kairīpoata o First Financial a Akira Yoshino i te marama kua hipa, he kaipūtaiao Hapanihi i toa i te Tohu Nobel mō te Matū mō ngā pākahiko lithium-ion i tēnei tau.
Ki tā Yoshino, ka noho tonu ngā pākahiko lithium-ion hei mana nui i roto i te umanga pākahiko i roto i ngā tau 10 e whai ake nei. Mā te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau hou pēnei i te matauranga horihori me te Ipurangi o ngā Mea ka puta mai he huringa "kāore e taea te whakaaro" ki ngā tirohanga tono o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion.
Huringa kāore e taea te whakaaro
I te mōhiotanga o Yoshino ki te kupu "kawe", ka mōhio ia me whai pākahiko hou te hapori. I te tau 1983, i whānau mai te pākahiko lithium tuatahi o te ao i Hapani. Nā Yoshino Akira i hanga te tauira tuatahi o te ao o te pākahiko lithium-ion ka taea te whakahou, ā, ka whai wāhi nui ia ki te whanaketanga o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā waea atamai me ngā waka hiko a meake nei.
I te marama kua taha ake nei, i kī a Akira Yoshino i roto i tētahi uiuinga motuhake ki te Nama 1 Financial Journalist, i muri i tana rongonga kua toa ia i te Tohu Nobel, "kāore ōna kare ā-roto tūturu." "Nā ngā uiuinga katoa i muri mai i tino pukumahi ahau, ā, kāore i taea e au te tino harikoa," te kī a Akira Yoshino. "Engari i te mea kua tata mai te rā e whiwhi ai i ngā tohu i te marama o Tīhema, kua kaha ake te mooni o ngā tohu."
I roto i ngā tau 30 kua pahure ake nei, e 27 ngā tohunga Hapanihi, arā, ngā tohunga Hapanihi kua toa i te Tohu Nobel mō te Matū, engari e rua anake o rātou, tae atu ki a Akira Yoshino, kua whiwhi tohu hei kairangahau umanga. "I Hapani, ko ngā kairangahau mai i ngā whare rangahau me ngā whare wānanga e whiwhi tohu ana i te nuinga o te wā, ā, he iti noa iho ngā kairangahau umanga mai i te umanga kua toa i ngā tohu." I kōrero a Akira Yoshino ki te First Financial Journalist. I whakanuia anō hoki e ia ngā tumanakohanga o te umanga. E whakapono ana ia he nui ngā rangahau taumata Nobel i roto i te kamupene, engari me whakapai ake e te umanga Hapanihi tōna kaiārahi me tōna whai huatanga.
E whakapono ana a Yoshino Akira mā te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau hou pēnei i te matauranga horihori me te Ipurangi o ngā Mea ka puta he panoni "kāore e taea te whakaaro" ki ngā tirohanga tono o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion. Hei tauira, mā te whanaketanga o ngā pūmanawa ka tere ake te tukanga hoahoa pākahiko me te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi hou, ā, ka pā ki te whakamahinga o te pākahiko, ka taea ai te whakamahi i te pākahiko i roto i te taiao pai rawa atu.
E tino āwangawanga ana hoki a Yoshino Akira mō te takoha a āna rangahau ki te whakaoti rapanga huringa āhuarangi o te ao. I kī atu ia ki te First Financial Journalist e rua ngā take i whakawhiwhia ai ia ki te tohu. Ko te tuatahi he takoha ki te whanaketanga o tētahi hapori pūkoro atamai; ko te tuarua he whakarato i tētahi huarahi nui mō te tiaki i te taiao o te ao. "Ka nui haere te kitea o te takoha ki te tiaki taiao i ngā rā kei te heke mai. I taua wā anō, he whai wāhitanga pakihi nui hoki tēnei," te kōrero a Akira Yoshino ki tētahi kairīpoata pūtea.
I roto i tētahi kauhau i Te Whare Wānanga o Meijo hei ahorangi, i mea atu a Yoshino Akira ki ngā ākonga, i runga i ngā tumanakohanga teitei a te marea mō te whakamahinga o te pūngao hou me ngā pākahiko hei ārai i te mahana o te ao, ka tukuna e ia āna ake mōhiohio, tae atu ki ngā whakaaro mō ngā take taiao.
Ko wai ka rangatira i te umanga pākahiko
Nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau pākahiko i tīmata ai tētahi hurihanga pūngao. Mai i ngā waea atamai ki ngā motuka hiko, kua horapa noa te hangarau pākahiko, e whakarerekē ana i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te oranga o te tangata. Ka pā ki a tātou katoa te kaha ake o te pākahiko ā muri ake nei, me te iti ake o te utu.
I tēnei wā, e whakapau kaha ana te umanga ki te whakapai ake i te haumaru o te pākahiko me te whakanui ake i te kaha o te pākahiko. Mā te whakapai ake i te mahi a te pākahiko ka āwhina hoki ki te aro atu ki te huringa āhuarangi mā te whakamahi i te pūngao hou.
Ki tā Yoshino, ka noho tonu ngā pākahiko lithium-ion hei rangatira mō te umanga pākahiko i roto i ngā tau 10 e whai ake nei, engari ko te whanaketanga me te aranga ake o ngā hangarau hou ka haere tonu ki te whakapakari i te aromatawai me ngā tumanakohanga o te umanga. I kōrero a Yoshino Akira ki a First Business News, ko te kaha o te pūngao o ngā pākahiko lithium i te heke mai ka eke ki te 1.5 ki te 2 ngā wā o te iahiko, ko te tikanga ka iti haere te pākahiko. "Ka whakaitihia te rauemi, ā, ka whakaitihia te utu, engari kāore e tino heke te utu o te rauemi." I mea ia, "Ko te whakahekenga o te utu o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion kei waenganui i te 10% me te 30% te nui rawa. He uaua ake te hiahia ki te haurua i te utu."
Ka tere ake te utu o ngā taputapu hiko a muri ake nei? Hei whakautu, i kī a Akira Yoshino ka kī te waea pūkoro i roto i te 5-10 meneti, he mea kua tutuki i roto i te taiwhanga. Engari ko te utu tere me whai hiko kaha, ka pā ki te roa o te pākahiko. I roto i te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga, kāore pea te tangata e hiahia ki te utu tere.
Mai i ngā pākahiko waikawa-mata o mua, ki ngā pākahiko nikara-metara waikura e noho nei hei pou matua mō ngā kamupene Hapanihi pērā i a Toyota, ki ngā pākahiko lithium-ion i whakamahia e Tesla Roaster i te tau 2008, kua tekau tau te roa o ngā pākahiko lithium-ion wai tuku iho e whakahaere ana i te mākete pākahiko hiko. I ngā rā kei te heke mai, ka nui haere te rerekētanga i waenga i te kiato pūngao me ngā whakaritenga haumaru me te hangarau pākahiko lithium-ion tuku iho.
Hei whakautu ki ngā whakamātautau me ngā hua pākahiko totoka mai i ngā kamupene o tāwāhi, i mea a Akira Yoshino: "Ki taku whakaaro ko ngā pākahiko totoka he aronga ā-mua, ā, he nui tonu ngā wāhi hei whakapai ake. Ko taku tumanako ka kite wawe i ngā ahunga whakamua hou."
I kī anō ia he rite te hangarau o ngā pākahiko totoka ki ngā pākahiko lithium-ion. "Mā te whakapainga o te hangarau, ka taea e te tere o te kauhoe lithium-ion te eke ki te 4 ngā wā o te tere o nāianei," te kōrero a Akira Yoshino ki tētahi kairīpoata i te First Business News.
Ko ngā pākahiko totoka he pākahiko lithium-ion e whakamahi ana i ngā irahiko totoka. Nā te mea ka whakakapia e ngā irahiko totoka te irahiko waro ka pahū pea i roto i ngā pākahiko lithium-ion tuku iho, ka whakatauhia e tēnei ngā raruraru nui e rua o te kiato pūngao teitei me te mahi haumaru teitei. Ka whakamahia ngā irahiko totoka i te pūngao kotahi. Ko te pākahiko e whakakapi ana i te irahiko he nui ake te kiato pūngao, i te wā kotahi he nui ake te mana me te roa o te wā whakamahinga, koinei te ia whanaketanga o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei o ngā pākahiko lithium.
Engari kei te pāngia hoki ngā pākahiko totoka e ngā wero pēnei i te whakaiti i ngā utu, te whakapai ake i te haumaru o ngā irahiko totoka, me te pupuri i te hononga i waenga i ngā irahiko me ngā irahiko i te wā e utu ana, e wete ana hoki. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā kamupene motuka nunui o te ao e haumi nui ana ki te R&D mō ngā pākahiko totoka. Hei tauira, kei te whakawhanake a Toyota i tētahi pākahiko totoka, engari kāore i whakaaturia te utu. E matapaetia ana e ngā umanga rangahau, i te tau 2030, e matapaetia ana ka tata te tono pākahiko totoka o te ao ki te 500 GWh.
I kī a Ahorangi Whitingham, nāna i whakawhiwhi te Tohu Nobel ki a Akira Yoshino, ko ngā pākahiko totoka pea te tuatahi ka whakamahia i roto i ngā taputapu hiko iti pēnei i ngā waea atamai. "Nā te mea he raru nui tonu kei roto i te whakamahinga o ngā pūnaha tauine nui," te kī a Ahorangi Wittingham.
Te wā tuku: Hakihea-16-2019