[Ubuninzi bamandla eebhetri ze-lithium kwixesha elizayo bunokufikelela kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-2 yamandla angoku, oko kuthetha ukuba iibhetri ziya kuba ncinci.]
[Uluhlu lokunciphisa iindleko zebhetri yeLithium-ion luphakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-30% ubukhulu becala. Kunzima ukunciphisa ixabiso ngesiqingatha.]
Ukususela kwiifowuni eziphathwayo ukuya kwiimoto zombane, iteknoloji yebhetri ingena kancinci kancinci kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi. Ngoko ke, ibhetri yexesha elizayo iya kuphuhliswa ngayiphi indlela kwaye zeziphi iinguqu eziya kuzisa kuluntu? Icinga ngale mibuzo, intatheli yeFirst Financial idlan’ udliwanondlebe kwinyanga ephelileyo no-Akira Yoshino, isazinzulu saseJapan esiphumelele iNobel Prize kwiKhemistri kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion kulo nyaka.
Ngokoluvo lukaYoshino, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziya kuhlala zilawula ishishini leebhetri kwiminyaka eli-10 ezayo. Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji entsha efana nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye ne-Intanethi yezinto luya kuzisa utshintsho "olungacingekiyo" kumathemba okusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion.
Utshintsho olungenakucingelwa
Xa uYoshino waqonda igama elithi “ephathekayo”, waqonda ukuba uluntu lufuna ibhetri entsha. Ngo-1983, ibhetri yokuqala ye-lithium emhlabeni yazalwa eJapan. UYoshino Akira wavelisa ibhetri yokuqala ye-lithium-ion etshajwayo ehlabathini, kwaye uya kuba negalelo elibalaseleyo kuphuhliso lweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifowuni eziphathwayo nakwizithuthi zombane kwixesha elizayo.
Kwinyanga ephelileyo, u-Akira Yoshino uthe kudliwanondlebe olukhethekileyo neNgxelo yezeMali eNombolo 1 ukuba emva kokufumanisa ukuba uphumelele iNobel Prize, “akanazo iimvakalelo zokwenyani.” “Udliwanondlebe olupheleleyo kamva lundenze ndaxakeka kakhulu, kwaye andinakuba ndonwabe kakhulu.” utshilo u-Akira Yoshino. “Kodwa njengoko usuku lokufumana amabhaso ngoDisemba lusondela, inyani yala mabhaso iye yaqina ngakumbi.”
Kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo, iingcali ezingama-27 zaseJapan okanye zaseJapan ziphumelele iMbasa yeNobel kwiKhemistri, kodwa zimbini kuphela kuzo, kuquka u-Akira Yoshino, ezifumene amabhaso njengabaphandi beenkampani. “EJapan, abaphandi abavela kumaziko ophando nakwiiyunivesithi ngokubanzi bafumana amabhaso, kwaye bambalwa abaphandi beenkampani abavela kushishino abaphumelele amabhaso.” U-Akira Yoshino uxelele i-First Financial Journalist. Ukwagxininise okulindelweyo kushishino. Ukholelwa ukuba kukho uphando oluninzi lwenqanaba leNobel ngaphakathi kwinkampani, kodwa ishishini laseJapan kufuneka liphucule ubunkokeli kunye nokusebenza kwalo.
UYoshino Akira ukholelwa ukuba uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji entsha efana nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye ne-Intanethi yezinto kuya kuzisa utshintsho "olungenakucingeleka" kwithuba lokusetyenziswa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Umzekelo, ukuqhubela phambili kwesoftware kuya kukhawulezisa inkqubo yoyilo lwebhetri kunye nophuhliso lwezinto ezintsha, kwaye Kunokuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri, okuvumela ukuba ibhetri isetyenziswe kwindawo engcono.
UYoshino Akira ukhathazekile kakhulu ngegalelo lophando lwakhe ekusombululeni imiba yotshintsho lwemozulu kwihlabathi. Uxelele iFirst Financial Journalist ukuba unikwe ezi zizathu zimbini. Esokuqala kukufaka isandla kuphuhliso loluntu olusebenzisa iiselula olukrelekrele; esesibini kukubonelela ngeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokukhusela okusingqongileyo kwihlabathi liphela. “Igalelo kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo liza kubonakala ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo. Kwangaxeshanye, eli lithuba elihle leshishini.” UAkira Yoshino uxelele intatheli yezemali.
UYoshino Akira uxelele abafundi ngexesha lentetho kwiYunivesithi yaseMeijo njengoprofesa ukuba ngenxa yolindelo oluphezulu loluntu lokusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kunye neebhetri njengendlela yokulwa nokufudumala kwehlabathi, uza kuhambisa ulwazi lwakhe, kuquka neengcinga ngemiba yokusingqongileyo.
Ngubani oza kulawula ishishini lebhetri
Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yebhetri luqalise utshintsho olukhulu lwamandla. Ukusuka kwiifowuni eziphathwayo ukuya kwiimoto zombane, itekhnoloji yebhetri ifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo, itshintsha yonke into ebomini babantu. Nokuba ibhetri yexesha elizayo iya kuba namandla ngakumbi kwaye ixabiso layo liphantsi kuya kuchaphazela ngamnye wethu.
Okwangoku, eli shishini lizimisele ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwebhetri ngelixa linyusa uxinano lwamandla ebhetri. Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kwebhetri kukwanceda ekusombululeni utshintsho lwemozulu ngokusebenzisa amandla ahlaziyekayo.
Ngokoluvo lukaYoshino, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziya kuhlala zilawula ishishini leebhetri kwiminyaka eli-10 ezayo, kodwa uphuhliso kunye nokunyuka kwezobuchwepheshe obutsha kuya kuqhubeka nokuqinisa ixabiso kunye namathuba oshishino. UYoshino Akira uxelele iFirst Business News ukuba uxinano lwamandla eebhetri ze-lithium kwixesha elizayo lunokufikelela kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-2 yangoku, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ibhetri iya kuba ncinci. “Oku kunciphisa izinto kwaye ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa iindleko, kodwa akuyi kubakho kwehla okukhulu kwixabiso lezinto.” Uthe, “Ukuncipha kwexabiso leebhetri ze-lithium-ion kuphakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-30%. Ukufuna ukunciphisa ixabiso ngesiqingatha kunzima ngakumbi.”
Ngaba izixhobo ze-elektroniki ziya kutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwixesha elizayo? Ephendula, u-Akira Yoshino uthe ifowuni ephathwayo igcwele kwimizuzu emi-5-10, nto leyo eyenzekileyo kwilebhu. Kodwa ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kufuna i-voltage enamandla, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela ubomi bebhetri. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu banokungadingi ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza.
Ukususela kwiibhetri zokuqala ze-lead-acid, ukuya kwiibhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride ezizezona ziphambili kwiinkampani zaseJapan ezifana neToyota, ukuya kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezazisetyenziswa yiTesla Roaster ngo-2008, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezingamanzi zemveli bezilawula imarike yeebhetri zamandla kangangeminyaka elishumi. Kwixesha elizayo, ukungqubana phakathi koxinano lwamandla kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko kunye netekhnoloji yebhetri ye-lithium-ion yendabuko kuya kuba yinto ephawulekayo ngakumbi.
Ephendula kwiimvavanyo kunye neemveliso zeebhetri ezisemgangathweni ezivela kwiinkampani zaphesheya, u-Akira Yoshino uthe: “Ndicinga ukuba iibhetri ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zimele indlela ezayo, kwaye kusekho indawo eninzi yokuphucula. Ndinethemba lokubona inkqubela entsha kungekudala.”
Ukwathe iibhetri ezisemgangathweni oqinileyo ziyafana kwitekhnoloji neebhetri ze-lithium-ion. “Ngokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji, isantya sokudada nge-lithium ion ekugqibeleni sinokufikelela malunga nesantya esiphindwe kane kuneso sikhoyo ngoku.” U-Akira Yoshino uxelele intatheli kwi-First Business News.
Iibhetri ze-Solid-state ziibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisebenzisa ii-electrolytes ze-solid-state. Ngenxa yokuba ii-electrolytes ze-solid-state zithatha indawo ye-electrolyte ephilayo enokuqhushumba kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion zemveli, oku kusombulula iingxaki ezimbini eziphambili zoxinano lwamandla aphezulu kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kokhuseleko. Ii-electrolytes ze-Solid-state zisetyenziswa ngamandla afanayo Ibhetri ethatha indawo ye-electrolyte inoxinano lwamandla aphezulu, kwangaxeshanye inamandla amakhulu kunye nexesha elide lokusetyenziswa, eliyindlela yophuhliso lwesizukulwana esilandelayo seebhetri ze-lithium.
Kodwa iibhetri ezisemgangathweni zikwajongene nemingeni efana nokunciphisa iindleko, ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwee-electrolyte eziqinileyo, kunye nokugcina unxibelelwano phakathi kwee-electrode kunye nee-electrolyte ngexesha lokutshaja nokukhupha itshaja. Okwangoku, iinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu zeemoto zehlabathi zityala imali eninzi kwi-R & D yeebhetri ezisemgangathweni. Umzekelo, iToyota iphuhlisa ibhetri esemgangathweni, kodwa ixabiso alichazwanga. Amaziko ophando aqikelela ukuba ngo-2030, imfuno yebhetri esemgangathweni yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-500 GWh.
UNjingalwazi Whitingham, owabelana ngeMbasa yeNobel no-Akira Yoshino, uthe iibhetri eziqinileyo zisenokuba zezokuqala ukusetyenziswa kwii-elektroniki ezincinci ezifana neefowuni ezihlakaniphileyo. “Kuba kusekho iingxaki ezinkulu ekusetyenzisweni kweenkqubo ezinkulu.” utshilo uNjingalwazi Wittingham.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-16-2019