[Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya mabatire a lithiamu mtsogolomu kungafikire nthawi 1.5 mpaka 2 kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mabatirewo achepa.]
[Kuchepetsa mtengo wa batire ya lithiamu-ion kuli pakati pa 10% ndi 30%. N'kovuta kuchepetsa mtengo ndi theka.]
Kuyambira mafoni a m'manja mpaka magalimoto amagetsi, ukadaulo wa mabatire ukulowerera pang'onopang'ono mbali iliyonse ya moyo. Ndiye, kodi batire yamtsogolo idzapita kuti ndipo idzabweretsa kusintha kotani kwa anthu? Poganizira mafunso awa, mtolankhani wa First Financial adafunsa mwezi watha Akira Yoshino, wasayansi waku Japan yemwe adapambana Mphoto ya Nobel mu Chemistry chifukwa cha mabatire a lithiamu-ion chaka chino.
Malinga ndi maganizo a Yoshino, mabatire a lithiamu-ion adzalamulirabe makampani opanga mabatire m'zaka 10 zikubwerazi. Kukula kwa ukadaulo watsopano monga luntha lochita kupanga ndi intaneti ya zinthu kudzabweretsa kusintha "kosatheka" pa kuthekera kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kusintha kosayembekezereka
Yoshino atazindikira mawu oti "wonyamulika", anazindikira kuti anthu amafunika batire yatsopano. Mu 1983, batire yoyamba ya lithiamu padziko lonse lapansi inabadwa ku Japan. Yoshino Akira ndiye anapanga batire yoyamba padziko lonse ya lithiamu-ion yomwe ingadzazidwenso, ndipo adzapereka chithandizo chabwino kwambiri pakukula kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafoni a m'manja ndi magalimoto amagetsi mtsogolo.
Mwezi watha, Akira Yoshino adati mu kuyankhulana kwapadera ndi Nambala 1 ya Financial Journalist kuti atamva kuti adapambana Mphoto ya Nobel, "alibe malingaliro enieni." "Mafunso onse pambuyo pake adandipangitsa kukhala wotanganidwa kwambiri, ndipo sindingakhale wokondwa kwambiri." Akira Yoshino adatero. "Koma pamene tsiku lolandira mphoto mu Disembala likuyandikira, zenizeni za mphotozo zakula kwambiri."
M'zaka 30 zapitazi, akatswiri 27 aku Japan kapena aku Japan apambana Mphoto ya Nobel mu Chemistry, koma awiri okha mwa iwo, kuphatikizapo Akira Yoshino, ndi omwe alandira mphoto monga ofufuza amakampani. "Ku Japan, ofufuza ochokera m'mabungwe ofufuza ndi mayunivesite nthawi zambiri amalandira mphoto, ndipo ofufuza ochepa ochokera m'makampani opanga zinthu amapambana mphoto." Akira Yoshino adauza First Financial Journalist. Adagogomezeranso zomwe makampaniwa akuyembekezera. Akukhulupirira kuti pali kafukufuku wambiri wa Nobel mkati mwa kampaniyo, koma makampani aku Japan ayenera kukonza utsogoleri wawo komanso magwiridwe antchito awo.
Yoshino Akira amakhulupirira kuti chitukuko cha ukadaulo watsopano monga luntha lochita kupanga ndi intaneti ya zinthu chidzabweretsa kusintha "kosatheka" pa kuthekera kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion kugwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kupita patsogolo kwa mapulogalamu kudzafulumizitsa njira yopangira mabatire ndi kupanga zipangizo zatsopano, ndipo Zingakhudze kugwiritsa ntchito batire, zomwe zimalola batire kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo abwino kwambiri.
Yoshino Akira akuda nkhawanso kwambiri ndi zomwe kafukufuku wake wapereka pothetsa mavuto a kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse. Iye anauza First Financial Journalist kuti adalandira mphoto pazifukwa ziwiri. Choyamba ndi kuthandiza pakukula kwa gulu la anthu ogwiritsa ntchito mafoni anzeru; chachiwiri ndikupereka njira yofunika kwambiri yotetezera chilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi. "Chopereka pa kuteteza chilengedwe chidzaonekera kwambiri mtsogolomu. Nthawi yomweyo, uwu ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wamalonda," Akira Yoshino adauza mtolankhani wazachuma.
Yoshino Akira adauza ophunzira pa nthawi yophunzitsa ku Meijo University monga pulofesa kuti poganizira kuti anthu ambiri akuyembekezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso ndi mabatire ngati njira yothanirana ndi kutentha kwa dziko, adzapereka chidziwitso chake, kuphatikizapo malingaliro okhudza zachilengedwe.
Ndani adzalamulira makampani opanga mabatire?
Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa mabatire kunayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa mphamvu. Kuyambira mafoni anzeru mpaka magalimoto amagetsi, ukadaulo wa mabatire uli paliponse, kusintha mbali iliyonse ya miyoyo ya anthu. Kaya batire yamtsogolo idzakhala yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo kudzakhudza aliyense wa ife.
Pakadali pano, makampaniwa adzipereka kukonza chitetezo cha batri pomwe akuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya batri. Kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a batri kumathandizanso kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso.
Malinga ndi maganizo a Yoshino, mabatire a lithiamu-ion adzalamulirabe makampani opanga mabatire m'zaka 10 zikubwerazi, koma chitukuko ndi kukwera kwa ukadaulo watsopano kudzapitiriza kulimbitsa mtengo wa makampaniwa komanso zomwe zikuyembekezeka. Yoshino Akira adauza First Business News kuti kuchuluka kwa mphamvu za mabatire a lithiamu mtsogolomu kungafike nthawi 1.5 mpaka kawiri kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti batireyo idzakhala yocheperako. "Izi zimachepetsa zinthuzo motero zimachepetsa mtengo, koma sipadzakhala kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa zinthuzo." Iye adati, "Kuchepetsa mtengo wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion kuli pakati pa 10% ndi 30%. Kufuna kuchepetsa mtengo ndi theka n'kovuta kwambiri."
Kodi zipangizo zamagetsi zidzachaja mofulumira mtsogolo? Poyankha, Akira Yoshino anati foni yam'manja imadzaza mu mphindi 5-10, zomwe zachitika mu labotale. Koma kuchaja mwachangu kumafuna mphamvu yamagetsi yamphamvu, zomwe zingakhudze moyo wa batri. Nthawi zambiri, anthu sangafunike kuchaja mwachangu kwambiri.
Kuyambira mabatire oyambirira a lead-acid, mpaka mabatire a nickel-metal hydride omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri m'makampani aku Japan monga Toyota, mpaka mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Tesla Roaster mu 2008, mabatire achikhalidwe a lithiamu-ion akhala akulamulira msika wa mabatire amphamvu kwa zaka khumi. M'tsogolomu, kutsutsana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi chitetezo ndi ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion kudzawonekera kwambiri.
Poyankha zoyeserera ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi mabatire olimba kuchokera kumakampani akunja, Akira Yoshino adati: "Ndikuganiza kuti mabatire olimba akuyimira tsogolo, ndipo pakadali malo ambiri oti zinthu zisinthe. Ndikuyembekeza kuwona kupita patsogolo kwatsopano posachedwa."
Ananenanso kuti mabatire olimba ali ofanana muukadaulo ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion. "Kudzera mu kusintha kwa ukadaulo, liwiro la kusambira kwa lithiamu ion pamapeto pake limatha kufika pafupifupi nthawi zinayi kuposa liwiro lomwe lilipo pano." Akira Yoshino adauza mtolankhani ku First Business News.
Mabatire a Solid-state ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrolyte a solid-state. Chifukwa ma electrolyte a solid-state amalowa m'malo mwa electrolyte yachilengedwe yomwe ingaphulike m'mabatire achikhalidwe a lithiamu-ion, izi zimathetsa mavuto awiri akuluakulu a kuchuluka kwa mphamvu komanso chitetezo chokwanira. Ma electrolyte a Solid-state amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mphamvu yomweyo. Batire yomwe imalowa m'malo mwa electrolyte imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, nthawi yomweyo imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso nthawi yayitali yogwiritsira ntchito, yomwe ndi njira yopititsira patsogolo mabatire a lithiamu m'badwo wotsatira.
Koma mabatire olimba amakumananso ndi mavuto monga kuchepetsa ndalama, kukonza chitetezo cha ma electrolyte olimba, komanso kusunga kulumikizana pakati pa ma electrode ndi ma electrolyte panthawi yochaja ndi kutulutsa. Pakadali pano, makampani ambiri akuluakulu a magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi akuyika ndalama zambiri mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha mabatire olimba. Mwachitsanzo, Toyota ikupanga batire yolimba, koma mtengo wake sunawululidwe. Mabungwe ofufuza akulosera kuti pofika chaka cha 2030, kufunikira kwa mabatire olimba padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kufika pa 500 GWh.
Pulofesa Whitingham, yemwe adagawana Mphoto ya Nobel ndi Akira Yoshino, adati mabatire olimba akhoza kukhala oyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamagetsi zazing'ono monga mafoni anzeru. "Chifukwa pakadali mavuto akulu pakugwiritsa ntchito makina akuluakulu." Pulofesa Wittingham adatero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Dec-16-2019