[Kuwanda kwesimba remabhatiri e lithium mune ramangwana kunogona kusvika ka1.5 kusvika ka2 kupfuura simba remagetsi, zvichireva kuti mabhatiri acho achava madiki.]
[Kuderedzwa kwemutengo webhatiri reLithium-ion kuri pakati pe10% ne30%. Zvakaoma kuderedza mutengo nehafu.]
Kubva pamafoni kusvika kumotokari dzemagetsi, tekinoroji yemabhatiri iri kupinda zvishoma nezvishoma muhupenyu hwese. Saka, bhatiri remangwana richafambira mberi ripi uye richachinja sei munharaunda? Nemibvunzo iyi mupfungwa, mutori wenhau weFirst Financial akabvunzurudza mwedzi wapera Akira Yoshino, musayendisiti wekuJapan akahwina Mubairo weNobel muChemistry wemabhatiri e lithium-ion gore rino.
Mukufunga kwaYoshino, mabhatiri e lithium-ion acharamba achitonga indasitiri yemabhatiri mumakore gumi anotevera. Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji itsva dzakadai sehungwaru hwekugadzira uye Internet of Things kuchaunza shanduko "dzisingafungidzike" kune mikana yekushandisa mabhatiri e lithium-ion.
Shanduko isingafungidzike
Yoshino paakaziva nezveshoko rekuti "inotakurika", akaona kuti nzanga yaida bhatiri idzva. Muna 1983, bhatiri rekutanga re lithium pasi rose rakazvarwa muJapan. Yoshino Akira akagadzira bhatiri rekutanga re lithium-ion rinochajwazve pasi rose, uye achapa mupiro wakakura mukuvandudzwa kwemabhatiri e lithium-ion anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumafoni nemotokari dzemagetsi mune ramangwana.
Mwedzi wapera, Akira Yoshino akataura muhurukuro yakasarudzika neMutori wenhau wezvemari weNo. 1 kuti mushure mekuziva kuti akahwina Nobel Prize, "haana manzwiro chaiwo." "Kubvunzurudzwa kwakazara kwakazondiita kuti ndive akabatikana zvikuru, uye ndaisagona kufara zvakanyanya." Akira Yoshino akadaro. "Asi sezvo zuva rekugamuchira mibairo muna Zvita riri kuswedera pedyo, chokwadi chemibairo chave chakasimba."
Mumakore makumi matatu apfuura, nyanzvi dzechiJapan kana dzekuJapan makumi maviri nevanomwe dzakahwina Mubairo weNobel muChemistry, asi vaviri chete vavo, kusanganisira Akira Yoshino, vakagamuchira mibairo sevaongorori vemakambani. "MuJapan, vaongorori vanobva kumasangano ekutsvagisa nemayunivhesiti vanowanzo gamuchira mibairo, uye vashoma vaongorori vemakambani vanobva kuindasitiri iyi vakahwina mibairo." Akira Yoshino akaudza First Financial Journalist. Akasimbisawo zvinotarisirwa neindasitiri iyi. Anotenda kuti kune tsvakurudzo yakawanda yezinga reNobel mukati mekambani, asi indasitiri yeJapan inofanira kuvandudza hutungamiriri hwayo uye kushanda kwayo zvakanaka.
Yoshino Akira anotenda kuti kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji itsva dzakadai sehungwaru hwekugadzira uye Internet of Things kuchaunza shanduko "dzisingafungidzike" kune mikana yekushandisa mabhatiri e-lithium-ion. Semuenzaniso, kufambira mberi kwesoftware kuchakurumidzisa maitiro ekugadzira mabhatiri uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva, uye Zvinogona kukanganisa kushandiswa kwebhatiri, zvichiita kuti bhatiri rishandiswe munzvimbo yakanakisa.
Yoshino Akira ari kunetsekawo zvikuru nezvekubatsira kwaakaita mukutsvagisa kwake kugadzirisa nyaya dzekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose. Akaudza First Financial Journalist kuti akapihwa mibairo nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. Chekutanga ndechekubatsira mukusimudzirwa kwenharaunda ine nharembozha dzakangwara; chechipiri ndechekupa nzira yakakosha yekuchengetedza nharaunda yepasi rose. "Mupiro wekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uchave pachena mune ramangwana. Panguva imwe chete, uyu mukana wakanaka webhizinesi zvakare." Akira Yoshino akaudza mutori wenhau wezvemari.
Yoshino Akira akaudza vadzidzi pamusangano paMeijo University semuprofesa kuti vachitarisira zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwesimba rinogona kushandiswazve uye mabhatiri senzira yekudzivirira kudziya kwepasi, achapa ruzivo rwake, kusanganisira pfungwa pamusoro penyaya dzezvakatipoteredza.
Ndiani achatonga indasitiri yemabhatiri
Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemabhatiri kwakakonzera shanduko huru yesimba. Kubva pamafoni madiki kusvika kumotokari dzemagetsi, tekinoroji yemabhatiri iri kwose kwose, ichichinja hupenyu hwevanhu. Kana bhatiri remangwana richizova nesimba uye mutengo wakaderera zvichakanganisa mumwe nemumwe wedu.
Parizvino, indasitiri iyi yakazvipira kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kwebhatiri ukuwo ichiwedzera huwandu hwesimba rebhatiri. Kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwebhatiri kunobatsirawo kugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kuburikidza nekushandisa simba rinogona kuvandudzwa.
Mukufunga kwaYoshino, mabhatiri e lithium-ion acharamba achitonga indasitiri yemabhatiri mumakore gumi anotevera, asi kuvandudzwa nekukwira kwetekinoroji itsva kucharambawo kuchisimbisa kukosha kweindasitiri uye tarisiro. Yoshino Akira akaudza First Business News kuti huwandu hwesimba remabhatiri e lithium mune ramangwana hunogona kusvika ka1.5 kusvika ka2 pane simba remagetsi, zvichireva kuti bhatiri richave diki. "Izvi zvinoderedza zvinhu uye nokudaro zvinoderedza mutengo, asi hapazovi nekuderera kukuru kwemutengo wezvinhu." Akati, "Kuderedzwa kwemutengo wemabhatiri e lithium-ion kuri pakati pe10% ne30%. Kuda kuderedza mutengo nehafu kwakaoma zvikuru."
Midziyo yemagetsi ichachaja nekukurumidza mune ramangwana here? Achipindura, Akira Yoshino akati nharembozha inozara mumaminitsi mashanu kusvika gumi, izvo zvaitwa murabhoritari. Asi kuchaja nekukurumidza kunoda voltage yakasimba, iyo inokanganisa hupenyu hwebhatiri. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vanhu vangasafanira kuchaja nekukurumidza zvakanyanya.
Kubva pamabhatiri ekutanga e lead-acid, kusvika kumabhatiri e nickel-metal hydride ari iwo makuru emakambani ekuJapan akadai seToyota, kusvika kumabhatiri e lithium-ion anoshandiswa neTesla Roaster muna 2008, mabhatiri e lithium-ion emvura yechinyakare ave achitonga musika wemabhatiri emagetsi kwemakore gumi. Mune ramangwana, kusawirirana pakati pesimba remagetsi nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza uye tekinoroji yebhatiri re lithium-ion yechinyakare kuchawedzera kuzivikanwa.
Achipindura kuongororo uye zvigadzirwa zvemabhatiri emhando yepamusoro kubva kumakambani ekune dzimwe nyika, Akira Yoshino akati: "Ini ndinofunga kuti mabhatiri emhando yepamusoro anomiririra divi remangwana, uye kuchine mukana wekuvandudza. Ndinotarisira kuona kufambira mberi kutsva munguva pfupi iri kutevera."
Akatiwo mabhatiri emhando yepamusoro akafanana nemabhatiri e lithium-ion muhunyanzvi. "Kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, kumhanya kwekushambira kwe lithium ion kunogona kusvika kanenge ka4 kumhanya kuripo iye zvino." Akira Yoshino akaudza mutori wenhau paFirst Business News.
Mabhatiri eSolid-state mabhatiri eLithium-ion anoshandisa maelectrolyte eSolid-state. Nekuti maelectrolyte eSolid-state anotsiva organic electrolyte inogona kuputika mumabhatiri eLithium-ion echinyakare, izvi zvinogadzirisa matambudziko maviri makuru esimba rakawanda uye kushanda kwakachengeteka kwakanyanya. Maelectrolyte eSolid-state anoshandiswa nesimba rimwe chete Bhatiri rinotsiva electrolyte rine simba rakawanda, panguva imwe chete rine simba guru uye nguva yakareba yekushandiswa, inova ndiyo nzira yekukura kwechizvarwa chinotevera chemabhatiri eLithium.
Asi mabhatiri e solid-state anotarisanawo nematambudziko akadai sekuderedza mitengo, kuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kwema electrolyte akasimba, uye kuchengetedza kubatana pakati pema electrodes nema electrolytes panguva yekuchaja nekuburitsa. Parizvino, makambani mazhinji makuru emotokari pasi rose ari kuisa mari yakawanda muR & D yemabhatiri e solid-state. Semuenzaniso, Toyota iri kugadzira bhatiri re solid-state, asi mutengo wacho hausati waburitswa pachena. Masangano ekutsvagisa anofanotaura kuti panosvika 2030, kudiwa kwemabhatiri e solid-state pasi rose kunotarisirwa kusvika pa500 GWh.
Purofesa Whitingham, avo vakagovana mubairo weNobel Prize naAkira Yoshino, vakati mabhatiri e solid-state anogona kunge ari ekutanga kushandiswa mumagetsi madiki akadai semafoni madiki. "Nekuti kuchine matambudziko makuru mukushandiswa kwemasisitimu makuru." Purofesa Wittingham vakadaro.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-16-2019