Gutera ingaruka mbi
Uburyo bwo gushyushya ibintukeramike ya silikoni karubideUburyo bwo gukora burimo gukubanya ceramic, gukubanya flux infiltration agent, gutegura ibikoresho bya ceramic bibabaza reaction, gutegura silicon carbide wood ceramic n'izindi ntambwe.
Umunwa wa karubide ya silikoni ikora ukoresheje icyuma gishyushya
Ubwa mbere, 80-90% by'ifu ya ceramic (igizwe n'ifu imwe cyangwa ebyiri zaifu ya karubide ya silikonina boron carbide powder), 3-15% by'ifu ikomoka kuri karuboni (igizwe na resin imwe cyangwa ebyiri za karuboni black na phenolic resin) na 5-15% by'ibikoresho byo gushushanya (phenolic resin, polyethylene glycol, hydroxymethyl cellulose cyangwa parafini) bivangwa neza hakoreshejwe icyuma gisya kugira ngo haboneke ifu ivanze, yumishwa ikanashyirwamo uduce duto, hanyuma bigashyirwa mu ifu kugira ngo haboneke ifu ya ceramic ifite imiterere itandukanye.
Icya kabiri, ifu ya silikoni 60-80%, ifu ya silikoni karubide 3-10% n'ifu ya boron nitride 37-10% bivangwa neza, bigashyirwa mu ibumba kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kwinjira mu mazi buto.
Hanyuma, agace k’ibumba n’agace k’ibumba gashyirwa hamwe, hanyuma ubushyuhe bukazamuka bukagera kuri 1450-1750℃ mu itanura rikoresha umwuka udafite ubushyuhe rifite ubunini bwa 5×10-1Pa kugira ngo ricucume kandi ribike ubushyuhe mu gihe cy’amasaha 1-3 kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro wa bumba ukozwe mu mwuka udafite ubushyuhe. Ibisigazwa by’ibumba biri ku buso bwa bumba rikozwe mu mwuka bikurwaho hakoreshejwe gukanda kugira ngo haboneke urupapuro rw’ibumba rurerure, kandi imiterere y’umwimerere y’agace k’ibumba igakomeza kuba myiza.
Amaherezo, inzira yo gushwanyagurika kw'ibisubizo irakoreshwa, ni ukuvuga silikoni y'amazi cyangwa aloyine ya silikoni ifite ibikorwa byo gusubiza ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ikinjira mu mwanya wa ceramic urimo karuboni ukoresheje imbaraga za capillary, maze igakorana na karuboni irimo kugira ngo ikore karuboni ya silikoni, izaguka mu bunini, hanyuma imyenge isigaye yuzuremo silikoni y'ibanze. Imyenge ya silikoni idafite imyenge ishobora kuba karuboni cyangwa karuboni/ibikoresho bigizwe na karuboni. Iya mbere iboneka binyuze mu gukangura no gutwika resin ya organic, pore former n'ikintu gishongesha. Iya nyuma iboneka binyuze mu gutwika uduce twa silikoni karuboni/ibikoresho bigizwe na karuboni kugira ngo haboneke karuboni/ibikoresho bigizwe na karuboni, cyangwa hakoreshejwe α-SiC na poude ya karuboni nk'ibikoresho byo gutangira no gukoresha uburyo bwo gukanda cyangwa gutera inshinge kugira ngo haboneke ibikoresho bigizwe na karuboni.
Gutera umwuka udafite igitutu
Uburyo bwo gutwika karubide ya silikoni butagira umuvuduko bushobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: gutwika garama imwe n'igice cy'amazi. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ubushakashatsi kuibumba rya karubide rya silikonimu gihugu no mu mahanga byibanze cyane ku gusya ibintu mu buryo bw'amazi. Uburyo bwo gutegura ibumba ni: gusya ibikoresho bivanze–>gusya ibinure–>guteranya ibinure–>guteranya umubiri w’icyatsi–>guteranya imvange.
Ibikoresho bya silikoni bya karubide bidatemba cyane
Ongeraho ibice 96-99 bya silicon carbide ultrafine powder (50-500nm), ibice 1-2 bya boron carbide ultrafine powder (50-500nm), ibice 0.2-1 bya nano-titanium boride (30-80nm), ibice 10-20 bya phenolic resin ishongera mu mazi, n'ibice 0.1-0.5 by'ibinyabutabire bitanga umusaruro mwinshi mu ruganda rw'umupira kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu ruganda kandi bivange amasaha 24, hanyuma ushyiremo ibinyabutabire bivanze mu kabari ko kuvanga amasaha 2 kugira ngo ukuremo utubumbe mu ruganda.
Uruvange rwavuzwe haruguru rushyirwa mu munara w’ibumba, maze ifu y’ibumba ifite imiterere myiza y’uduce, uburyo bwiza bwo gutembera, uburyo ingano nto y’uduce dukwirakwira hamwe n’ubushuhe buringaniye iboneka binyuze mu kugenzura igitutu cy’ibumba, ubushyuhe bw’aho umwuka winjirira, ubushyuhe bw’aho umwuka usohoka n’ingano y’uduce tw’ibumba. Impinduka ya centrifugal ni 26-32, ubushyuhe bw’aho umwuka winjirira ni 250-280℃, ubushyuhe bw’aho umwuka usohoka ni 100-120℃, naho igitutu cy’aho umwuka winjirira ni 40-60.
Ifu y'ibinure yavuzwe haruguru ishyirwa mu ibumba rya karubide rikozwe muri sima kugira ngo ikoreshwe kugira ngo ibone umubiri w'icyatsi kibisi. Uburyo bwo gukanda ni igitutu cy'icyerekezo cy'ibiri, naho igitutu cy'igikoresho cy'imashini ni toni 150-200.
Umubiri w'icyatsi kibisi ushyirwa mu ziko ry'umutsima kugira ngo wumuke kandi uvunguke kugira ngo ubone umubiri w'icyatsi kibisi ufite imbaraga nziza z'icyatsi kibisi.
Umubiri w'icyatsi kibisi wavuwe haruguru ushyirwa muicyuma gikozwe muri grafitikandi biteguwe neza kandi neza, hanyuma icyuma cya grafiti gifite umubiri w'icyatsi kibisi gishyirwa mu itanura rishyushya cyane kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu gucana. Ubushyuhe bwo gucana ni 2200-2250℃, kandi igihe cyo gushyushya ni amasaha 1-2. Amaherezo, haboneka ibumba rya silikoni ridafite umuvuduko mwinshi.
Gusinya ibintu mu buryo buhamye
Uburyo bwo gutwika karubide ya silikoni butagira umuvuduko bushobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: gutwika karubide ya silikoni isanzwe n’ugutwika karubide ya silikoni isanzwe. Gutwika karubide ya silikoni bisaba kongeramo ibindi bikoresho byo gutwika, nka Y2O3 binary na ternary, kugira ngo SiC n’ibikoresho byayo bifatanye bibe bifite gutwika karubide ya silikoni kandi bigere ku bushyuhe buri hasi. Uburyo bwo gutegura karubide ya silikoni isanzwe irimo kuvanga ibikoresho fatizo, gusukamo irangi, gushushanya, no gutwika karubide. Uburyo bwihariye bwo gukora ni ubu bukurikira:
70-90% bya submicron α silicon carbide (200-500nm), 0.1-5% bya boron carbide, 4-20% bya resin, na 5-20% bya organic bishyirwa mu cyuma givangavanga hanyuma bigashyirwamo amazi meza yo kuvanga. Nyuma y'amasaha 6-48, urusenda ruvanze runyuzwa mu cyuma cya mesh 60-120;
Igitonyanga cyasutswe gishyirwa mu cyuma gipfundikiye gikoresheje umunara wa spray granulation. Ubushyuhe bw'aho umunara wa spray granulation ujya ni 180-260℃, naho ubushyuhe bw'aho usohoka ni 60-120℃; ubucucike bw'ibikoresho byasutswe ni 0.85-0.92g/cm3, ubushyuhe ni 8-11s/30g; ibikoresho byasutswe bishyirwa mu cyuma gipfundikiye gifite uburebure bwa 60-120 kugira ngo gikoreshwe nyuma;
Hitamo ibumba ukurikije imiterere y'umusaruro wifuza, shyira ibikoresho bya granulated mu mwobo w'ibumba, hanyuma ukore ibumba rikanda ubushyuhe bw'icyumba ku gitutu cya 50-200MPa kugira ngo ubone umubiri w'icyatsi kibisi; cyangwa shyira umubiri w'icyatsi kibisi nyuma yo gukanda mu gikoresho gikanda isostatic, kore ibumba rikanda isostatic ku gitutu cya 200-300MPa, hanyuma ubone umubiri w'icyatsi kibisi nyuma yo gukanda kabiri;
Shyira umubiri w'icyatsi kibisi wateguwe muri izi ntambwe zavuzwe haruguru mu itanura ricukurwamo umwuka wo gutwika, kandi iryujuje ibisabwa ni ceramic ya silikoni icukurwamo amasasu; mu gikorwa cyo gutwika cyavuzwe haruguru, banza uvane itanura ricukurwamo umwuka, kandi iyo ingano y'umwuka wo gutwika igeze kuri 3-5 × 10-2 Nyuma ya Pa, umwuka udafite umwuka ushyirwa mu itanura ricukurwamo umwuka kugeza ku gitutu gisanzwe hanyuma ugashyuha. Isano iri hagati y'ubushyuhe n'igihe ni: ubushyuhe bw'icyumba kugeza kuri 800℃, amasaha 5-8, ubushyuhe bugumaho isaha 0.5-1, kuva kuri 800℃ kugeza 2000-2300℃, amasaha 6-9, ubushyuhe bugumaho isaha 1 kugeza kuri 2, hanyuma ukabikonjesha n'itanura hanyuma ukamanuka ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba.
Imiterere mito n'umupaka w'ingano ya karubide ya silikoni ishyushye ku gitutu gisanzwe
Muri make, ibumba rikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushyushya ibintu (hot pressing sintering process) rigira imikorere myiza, ariko ikiguzi cyo gukora nacyo kiriyongera cyane; ibumba rikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushyushya ibintu (sintering pressureless sintering) rikenera ibikoresho byinshi, ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gushyushya ibintu, impinduka nini ku bunini bw'ibicuruzwa, uburyo bugoye bwo gukora no gukora bike; ibikoresho bya ibumba bikozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gushyushya ibintu (reaction sintering process) bifite ubucucike bwinshi, ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya umupira, n'igiciro gito cyo gutegura. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutegura ibumba rya silicon carbide bufite ibyiza n'ibibi byaryo, kandi uburyo bwo gukoresha ibintu nabwo buratandukanye. Ni politiki nziza yo guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gutegura hakurikijwe ibicuruzwa no gushaka uburinganire hagati y'igiciro gito n'imikorere myiza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-29-2024