Pehea e hoʻohana pono ʻia ai nā electrodes kalapona, nā electrodes graphite a me nā electrodes self-baking i ka ʻoihana umu arc i lalo o ka wai?

ʻAno, hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka electrode

ʻAno electrode

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā electrodes carbonaceous i nā electrodes carbon, nā electrodes graphite a me nā electrodes self-baking e like me kā lākou hoʻohana a me nā kaʻina hana.

Hana ʻia ka electrode kalapona me ka anthracite haʻahaʻa-lehu, ka coke metallurgical, ka pitch coke a me ka petroleum coke. Hana ʻia ia me kahi ʻāpana a me ka nui o nā ʻāpana. I ka hoʻohui ʻana, hui pū ʻia ka asphalt binder a me ke tar, a hoʻoulu like ʻia ka hui ʻana i kahi mahana kūpono. Hoʻokumu ʻia, a laila calcining mālie i loko o kahi mea hoʻomoʻa. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā electrodes graphite maoli, nā electrodes graphite artificial, nā electrodes kalapona a me nā electrodes kalapona kūikawā.

Hana ʻia ka electrode graphite (graphiteelectrode) me ka petroleum coke a me ka pitch coke ma ke ʻano he mea maka, a laila waiho ʻia i loko o ka umu pale uila graphitized me ka mahana o 2273 ~ 2773K, a hana ʻia i electrode graphite ma o ka graphitization. Ua māhele hou ʻia ka electrode graphite i kēia ʻano.

ʻAe ka electrode graphite mana maʻamau i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā electrodes graphite me ka nui o ke au ma lalo o 17 A/cm2, a hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā umu uila mana maʻamau e like me ka hana kila, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe silicon, a me ka phosphorus melemele.

Ua uhi ʻia ka ʻili o ka electrode graphite i uhi ʻia me ka anti-oxidation me kahi papa pale (graphite electrode antioxidant) he conductive a kū i ka oxidation wela kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hōʻemi ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka electrode i ka wā o ka hana kila (19% ~ 50%) a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe o ka electrode (22% ~ 60%), e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana o ka electrode.

ʻAe ka electrode graphite mana kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā electrodes graphite me ka nui o ke au o 18 a 25 A/cm2, kahi i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā umu arc uila mana kiʻekiʻe no ka hana kila.

ʻAe nā electrodes graphite mana kiʻekiʻe loa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā electrodes graphite me nā densities au ʻoi aku ma mua o 25 A/cm2. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā umu arc uila hana kila mana kiʻekiʻe loa.

ʻO ka electrode hoʻomoʻa ponoʻī (selfbakingelectrode) e hoʻohana ana i ka anthracite, coke, a me ka bitumen a me ke tar ma ke ʻano he mea maka, e hana ana i kahi electrode paste ma kahi mahana, a laila e hoʻouka ana i ka electrode paste i loko o kahi hihia electrode i kau ʻia ma luna o kahi umu uila (e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke FIG. 1), I ke kaʻina hana umu uila, ʻo ka wela Joule i hana ʻia e ka hele ʻana o ke au uila a me ka wela conduction i loko o ka umu ua sintered ponoʻī a coked. Hiki ke hoʻohana mau ʻia kēlā ʻano electrode, a hiki ke hana ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lihi ʻaoʻao lōʻihi a hiki ke puhi ʻia i loko o kahi anawaena nui. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka electrode hoʻomoʻa ponoʻī no ka hana ferroalloy ma muli o kāna kaʻina hana maʻalahi a me ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa.

Kiʻi 1 Kiʻikuhi kiʻikuhi o ka pūpū electrode

1-pū electrode; 2-ʻāpana iwi ʻaoʻao; 3-alelo huinakolu

Ka hana loea nui o ka electrode

Pono ka mea electrode i nā waiwai physicochemical penei:

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka conductivity, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka resistivity, e hōʻemi i ka nalowale o ka ikehu uila, e hōʻemi i ka hāʻule ʻana o ke ana uila o ka ʻupena pōkole, a hoʻonui i ka ana uila pono e hoʻonui i ka mana o ka loko i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia;

Kiʻekiʻe ke kiko heheʻe;

He liʻiliʻi ke koina o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka thermal, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka wā e loli koke ai ka mahana, a ʻo ke kaumaha kūloko i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka loli o ka mahana ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā māwae maikaʻi e hoʻonui i ke kū'ē;

Loaʻa ka ikaika mechanical kūpono i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe;

Haʻahaʻa nā haumia a ʻaʻole haumia nā haumia i ka pilau.

Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano loea nui o ka electrode kalapona, ka electrode graphite a me ka electrode self-baking ma ka Papa 1 a me nā Kiʻi 2 a me 3.

Papa 1 Hana loea o ka electrode

Kiʻi 2 Ka loli o ke kū'ē'ē o ke electrode kalapona a me ke electrode graphite me ka mahana

Kiʻi 3 Ka hoʻokele wela o nā electrodes kalapona a me graphite ma ke ʻano he hana o ka mahana

Ke koho ʻana o nā electrodes i ka ʻoihana ferroalloy

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā electrodes self-baking i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hao hao, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ferrosilicon, ka silicon chromium alloy, ka manganese silicon alloy, ke kalapona ferromanganese kiʻekiʻe, ke kalapona ferrochrome kiʻekiʻe, ke kalapona ferromanganese waena a me ka haʻahaʻa, ke kalapona ferrochrome waena a me ka haʻahaʻa, ka silicon calcium alloy, ka hao tungsten. Hoʻonui pinepine nā electrodes self-baking i ka hana ʻana o nā alloys, nā kāʻei hao i loko o ke kalapona, a hana i nā mea hao hao a me nā metala maʻemaʻe me ka haʻahaʻa loa o ke kalapona. Inā he kalapona ferrochrome, silicon ʻoihana a me ka metala manganese, pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā electrodes kalapona a i ʻole graphite.

电极的种类、性能及其用途

电极种类

碳质电极按其用途及制作工艺不同可分为碳素电极、石墨电极和自焙电瞁。

碳素电极(carbonelectrode)是以低灰分的无烟煤、冶金焦、沥青焦和石油焦为原料，按一定的比例和粒度组成.混合时加入黏结剂沥青和焦油，在适当的温度下搅拌均匀后压制成形，最后在焙烧炉中缓慢焙烧制得。可分为天然石墨电极、人造石墨电极、碳电极以及特种碳素电极四类。

石墨电极(graphiteelectrode)以石油焦和沥青焦为原料制成碳素电极，再放到温度为2273〜2773K的石墨化电阻三中，经石墨化而制成石墨电极„石墨电极又分不一又分不。

普通功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度低于17A/cm2的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢、炼硅、炼黄磷等的普通功率电炉。

抗氧化涂层石墨电极表面涂覆既能导电又耐高温氧化的保护层(石墨电极抗氧化剂)，降低炼钢时的电极消耗(19%〜50%),延长电极的使用寿命(22%〜60%),降低电极的电能消耗。

高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度为18〜25A/cm2的石墨电极，主要用于炼钟的高甼钟的高甼钟

超高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度大于25A/cm2的石墨电极。主要用于超高為玟称。

自焙电极(selfbakingelectrode)用无烟煤、焦炭以及沥青和焦油为原料，在一定温度下制成电极糊，然后把电极糊装入已安装在电炉上的电极壳中(如图1所示)，在电炉生产过程中依靠电流通过时所产生的焦耳热和炉内传导热，自行烧结焦化。这种电极可连续使用，边使用边接长边给结成形，且可焙烧成大直径的。自焙电极不仅工艺简单，成本也低，因此被广泛用于铁合金生产。