Ama-electrode e-carbon, ama-electrode e-graphite kanye nama-electrode azibhakelayo kufanele asetshenziswe kanjani ngendlela efanele embonini yesithando somlilo se-arc esingaphansi kwamanzi?

Uhlobo, ukusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-electrode

Uhlobo lwe-electrode

Ama-electrode e-carbonaceous angahlukaniswa ngama-electrode e-carbon, ama-electrode e-graphite kanye nama-electrode azibhakela ngokwawo ngokwendlela asetshenziswa ngayo kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza.

I-electrode yekhabhoni yenziwe nge-anthracite yomlotha ophansi, i-coke yensimbi, i-coke ye-pitch kanye ne-coke ye-petroleum. Yakhiwe ngesilinganiso esithile kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya. Uma kungezwa, i-asphalt ye-binder kanye ne-tar kuyaxutshwa, futhi ingxube ivuselelwa ngokulinganayo ekushiseni okufanele. Yakha, futhi ekugcineni i-calcining kancane kancane ku-roaster. Ingahlukaniswa ngama-electrode e-graphite emvelo, ama-electrode e-graphite okwenziwa, ama-electrode e-carbon kanye nama-electrode e-carbon akhethekile.

I-electrode ye-graphite (i-graphiteelectrode) yenziwe nge-petroleum coke kanye ne-pitch coke njengento eluhlaza, bese ifakwa esithandweni sokumelana sikagesi esine-graphitized esinezinga lokushisa elingu-2273 ~ 2773K, futhi yenziwa i-electrode ye-graphite nge-graphitization. I-electrode ye-graphite ihlukaniswe kabanzi ngohlobo olulandelayo.

I-electrode ye-graphite yamandla avamile ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-electrode e-graphite anobuningi bamanje obungaphansi kuka-17 A/cm2, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezithandweni zikagesi ezivamile ezifana nokwenza insimbi, ukucwengisisa i-silicon, kanye ne-phosphorus ephuzi.

Ubuso be-electrode ye-graphite eboshwe nge-anti-oxidation bumbozwe ngesendlalelo esivikelayo (i-graphite electrode antioxidant) esiqhuba futhi esimelana ne-oxidation yokushisa okuphezulu, enciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-electrode ngesikhathi sokwenza insimbi (19% ~ 50%) futhi yandise impilo yenkonzo ye-electrode (22% ~ 60%), inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwe-electrode.

I-electrode ye-graphite enamandla amakhulu ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-electrode e-graphite anobuningi bamanje obungu-18 kuya ku-25 A/cm2, okusetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-arc furnace kagesi anamandla amakhulu okwenza insimbi.

Ama-electrode e-graphite anamandla aphezulu kakhulu avumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-electrode e-graphite anobuningi bamanje obungaphezu kuka-25 A/cm2. Asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-arc kagesi e-arc kagesi okwenza insimbi anamandla aphezulu kakhulu.

I-electrode yokubhaka (i-selfbakingelectrode) isebenzisa i-anthracite, i-coke, ne-bitumen kanye ne-tar njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, yenza i-electrode paste ekushiseni okuthile, bese ilayisha i-electrode paste ebhokisini le-electrode elifakwe esithandweni sikagesi (njengoba kuboniswe ku-FIG. 1), Enqubweni yokukhiqiza isithando sikagesi, ukushisa kwe-Joule okukhiqizwa ukudlula kwamandla kagesi kanye nokushisa kokuqhuba esithandweni kuyazishisa futhi kuzipheke. I-electrode enjalo ingasetshenziswa njalo, futhi ingakhiwa ngokujoyina unqenqema olude futhi ingashiswa ibe ububanzi obukhulu. I-electrode yokubhaka ngokwayo isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni i-ferroalloy ngenxa yenqubo yayo elula kanye nezindleko eziphansi.

Umfanekiso 1 Umdwebo weskimu wegobolondo le-electrode

Igobolondo le-electrode eli-1; ucezu lwezimbambo ezimbili; ulimi olunezinhlangothi ezintathu

Ukusebenza okuyinhloko kobuchwepheshe be-electrode

Izinto ze-electrode kufanele zibe nezakhiwo ezilandelayo ze-physicochemical:

Ukuqhuba kahle komoya kungcono, ukumelana nakho kuncane, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kagesi, ukunciphisa ukwehla kwamandla kagesi kwenethi emfushane, nokwandisa amandla kagesi asebenzayo ukwandisa amandla echibi elincibilikisiwe;

Indawo yokuncibilika iphezulu;

I-coefficient yokwanda kokushisa incane, lapho izinga lokushisa lishintsha ngokushesha, akulula ukukhubazeka, futhi ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okubangelwa ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa akukwazi ukukhiqiza imifantu emincane ukuze kwandiswe ukumelana;

Yiba namandla anele omshini emazingeni okushisa aphezulu;

Ukungcola kuphansi futhi ukungcola akungcolisi iphunga.

Izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko ze-carbon electrode, i-graphite electrode kanye ne-self-baking electrode ziboniswe kuThebula 1 kanye neZithombe 2 kanye no-3.

Ithebula 1 Ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-Electrode

Isithombe 2 Ushintsho lokumelana kwe-carbon electrode kanye ne-graphite electrode ngokushisa

Umfanekiso 3 Ukuqhuba ukushisa kwama-electrode e-carbon kanye ne-graphite njengomsebenzi wokushisa

Ukukhethwa kwama-electrode embonini ye-ferroalloy

Ama-electrode azibhakayo asetshenziswa kabanzi ekuncibilikiseni i-iron alloy, ekucwengisiseni i-ferrosilicon, i-silicon chromium alloy, i-manganese silicon alloy, i-ferromanganese enekhabhoni ephezulu, i-ferrochrome enekhabhoni ephezulu, i-ferromanganese enekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo nephansi, i-ferrochrome enekhabhoni ephakathi nendawo nephansi, i-silicon calcium alloy, i-tungsten iron Wait. Ama-electrode azibhakayo avame ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-alloy, amabhande ensimbi abe yikhabhoni, futhi akhiqize ama-alloy ensimbi nezinsimbi ezihlanzekile ezinokuqukethwe okuphansi kakhulu kwekhabhoni. Uma i-carbon ferrochrome, i-silicon yezimboni kanye nensimbi ye-manganese, kufanele kusetshenziswe ama-electrode ekhabhoni noma e-graphite.

电极的种类、性能及其用途

电极种类

碳质电极按其用途及制作工艺不同可分為碳素电极、石墨电极和自焙电极三种.

碳素电极(carbonelectrode)是以低灰分的无烟煤、冶金焦、沥青焦和石油焦為原料，按一定的比例和粒度组成.混合时加入黏结剂沥.青和焦油，在适当的温度下搅拌均匀后压制成形，最后在焙烧炉缓慢焙烧制得。可分為天然石墨电极、人造石墨电极、碳电极以及特种碳素电极四类。

石墨电极(graphiteelectrode)以石油焦和沥青焦為原料制成碳素电极，再放到温度為2273〜2773K的石墨化电阻炉中，经石墨化而制成石墨电极„石墨电极又分為以下几。

普通功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度低于17A/cm2的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢、炼硅、炼黄磷等的普通功率电炉。

抗氧化涂层石墨电极表面涂覆既能导电又耐高温氧化的保护层(石墨电极抗氧化剂),降低炼钢时的电极消耗(19%〜50%),延长电极的使用寿命(22%〜60%),降低电极的电能消耗。

高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度為18〜25A/cm2的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢的高功率甉。

超高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度大于25A/cm2的石墨电极。主要用于超高功率炼钢电。

自焙电极(selfbakingelectrode)用无烟煤、焦炭以及沥青和焦油为原料，在一定温度下制成电极糊，然后把电极糊装入已安装在电炉上的电极壳中(如图1所示)，在电炉上的电极壳中(如图1所示)中依靠电流通过时所产生的焦耳热和炉内传导热，自行烧结焦化。边给结成形，且可焙烧成大直径的。自焙电极不仅工艺简单，成本也低,因