Ii-electrode zekhabhoni, ii-electrode zegrafiti kunye nee-electrode ezizibhakayo kufuneka zisetyenziswe njani ngokuchanekileyo kushishino lwe-arc furnace engaphantsi komhlaba?

Uhlobo, ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-electrode

Uhlobo lwe-electrode

Ii-electrode ze-carbonaceous zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-electrode ze-carbon, ii-electrode ze-graphite kunye nee-electrode ezizibhakayo ngokweendlela ezisetyenziswa ngazo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa.

I-electrode yekhabhoni yenziwe nge-anthracite yomphunga ophantsi, i-coke ye-metallurgical, i-coke ye-pitch kunye ne-coke ye-petroleum. Yenziwe ngomlinganiselo othile kunye nobukhulu be-particle. Xa kudityaniswa, i-asphalt ye-binder kunye ne-tar ziyaxutywa, kwaye umxube uxutywa ngokulinganayo kubushushu obufanelekileyo. Ukwakheka, kwaye ekugqibeleni kunyibilike kancinci kwi-roaster. Ingahlulwa ibe yi-electrodes ze-graphite zendalo, ii-electrodes ze-graphite zokwenziwa, ii-electrodes ze-carbon kunye nee-electrodes ezikhethekileyo ze-carbon.

I-graphite electrode (i-graphiteelectrode) yenziwe nge-petroleum coke kunye ne-pitch coke njengezinto eziluhlaza, ize ibekwe kwisithando sombane esinobushushu obuyi-2273 ~ 2773K, kwaye yenziwe ibe yi-graphite electrode nge-graphitization. I-graphite electrode yahlulwe ngakumbi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

I-electrode yegrafiti yamandla aqhelekileyo ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwee-electrode zegrafiti ezinobunzima bangoku obungaphantsi kwe-17 A/cm2, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-oven zombane zamandla aqhelekileyo ezifana nokwenza intsimbi, ukucocwa kwesilicon, kunye ne-phosphorus etyheli.

Umphezulu we-electrode ye-graphite egqunywe yi-anti-oxidation ugqunywe ngomaleko okhuselayo (i-graphite electrode antioxidant) eqhuba kakuhle kwaye imelana ne-oxidation yobushushu obuphezulu, nto leyo enciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrode ngexesha lokwenza intsimbi (19% ~ 50%) kwaye yandisa ubomi benkonzo ye-electrode (22% ~ 60%), inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe-electrode.

I-electrode yegrafiti enamandla aphezulu ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwee-electrode zegrafiti ezinobunzima bangoku obuyi-18 ukuya kwi-25 A/cm2, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-oven zombane ezinamandla aphezulu zokwenza intsimbi.

Ii-electrode zegrafiti ezinamandla aphezulu kakhulu zivumela ukusetyenziswa kwee-electrode zegrafiti ezinobunzima bangoku obungaphezulu kwe-25 A/cm2. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-oven zombane ze-arc zokwenziwa kwentsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu kakhulu.

I-electrode yokubhaka ngokwayo (i-selfbakingelectrode) isebenzisa i-anthracite, i-coke, kunye ne-bitumen kunye ne-tar njengezinto eziluhlaza, yenze i-electrode paste kubushushu obuthile, ize ilayishe i-electrode paste kwi-electrode case efakwe kwi-electric furnace (njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1). Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-electric furnace, ubushushu beJoule obuveliswa kukudlula kombane kunye nobushushu bokuqhuba kwi-electric furnace buzitshiza kwaye bucolwe. I-electrode enjalo ingasetyenziswa rhoqo, kwaye inokwenziwa ngokudibanisa umda wecala elide kwaye ingatshiswa ibe yi-diameter enkulu. I-electrode yokubhaka ngokwayo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso ye-ferroalloy ngenxa yenkqubo yayo elula kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.

Umfanekiso 1 Umzobo weskimu weqokobhe le-electrode

Igobolondo le-electrode e-1; isiqwenga seembambo ezi-2; ulwimi oluneminxantathu emi-3

Ukusebenza kobugcisa obuphambili kwe-electrode

Izinto ze-electrode kufuneka zibe nezi mpawu zilandelayo ze-physicochemical:

Ukuqhuba kombane kungcono, ukumelana kombane kuncinci, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla ombane, ukunciphisa ukuhla kwevolthi yenethi emfutshane, kunye nokunyusa ivolthi esebenzayo ukwandisa amandla echibi elinyibilikisiweyo;

Indawo yokunyibilika iphezulu;

I-coefficient yokwandiswa kobushushu incinci, xa ubushushu butshintsha ngokukhawuleza, akulula ukuba buguqulwe, kwaye uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubangelwa kukutshintsha kobushushu alunakuvelisa imifantu emincinci yokwandisa ukumelana;

Yiba namandla aneleyo oomatshini xa kushushu kakhulu;

Ukungcola kuphantsi kwaye ukungcola akungcolisi ivumba.

Iimpawu eziphambili zobugcisa ze-carbon electrode, i-graphite electrode kunye ne-self-baking electrode ziboniswe kwiTheyibhile 1 kunye neMifanekiso 2 kunye no-3.

Itheyibhile 1 Ukusebenza kobugcisa be-Electrode

Umzobo 2 Utshintsho lokumelana kwe-carbon electrode kunye ne-graphite electrode kunye nobushushu

Umfanekiso 3 Ukuqhuba kobushushu bee-electrodes zekhabhoni kunye negrafiti njengomsebenzi wobushushu

Ukukhethwa kwee-electrodes kushishino lwe-ferroalloy

Ii-electrode ezizibhakayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyibilikiseni i-iron alloy, ekucociseni i-ferrosilicon, kwi-silicon chromium alloy, kwi-manganese silicon alloy, kwi-high carbon ferromanganese, kwi-high carbon ferrochrome, kwi-medium and low carbon ferromanganese, kwi-medium and low carbon ferrochrome, kwi-silicon calcium alloy, kwi-tungsten iron. Ii-electrode ezizibhakayo zidla ngokunyusa imveliso yee-alloys, ii-iron belts zibe yi-carbon, kwaye zivelise ii-iron alloys kunye neentsimbi ezicocekileyo ezinomxholo we-carbon ophantsi kakhulu. Ukuba i-carbon ferrochrome, i-industrial silicon kunye ne-manganese metal, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ii-carbon okanye ii-graphite electrodes.

电极的种类、性能及其用途

电极种类

碳质电极按其用途及制作工艺不同可分為碳素电极、石墨电极和自焙电极三种.

碳素电极(carbonelectrode)是以低灰分的无烟煤、冶金焦、沥青焦和石油焦為原料，按一定的比例和粒度组成.混合时加入黏结剂沥.青和焦油，在适当的温度下搅拌均匀后压制成形，最后在焙烧炉缓慢焙烧制得。可分為天然石墨电极、人造石墨电极、碳电极以及特种碳素电极四类。

石墨电极(graphiteelectrode)以石油焦和沥青焦為原料制成碳素电极，再放到温14 石墨化电阻炉中，经石墨化而制成石墨电极„石墨电极又分為以下几。

普通功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度低于17A/cm2的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢、炼硅、炼黄磷等的普通功率电炉。

抗氧化涂层石墨电极表面涂覆既能导电又耐高温氧化的保护层(石墨电极抗氧化剂)，降低炼钢时的电极消耗(19%〜50%),延长电极的使用寿命(22%〜60%),降低电极的电能消耗.

高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度為18〜25A/cm2的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢的高功率电。

超高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度大于25A/cm2的石墨电极。主要用于超高功率炼钢。

自焙电极(selfbakingelectrode)用无烟煤、焦炭以及沥青和焦油为原料，在一定温度下制成电极糊，然后把电极糊装入已安装在电炉上的电极壳中(如图1所示)中依靠电流通过时所产生的焦耳热和炉内传导热，自行烧结焦化。边给结成形，且可焙烧成大直径的.