Kodi ma electrode a kaboni, ma electrode a graphite ndi ma electrode odziphikira okha ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji moyenera mumakampani opanga ng'anjo ya arc yomwe ili pansi pa madzi?

Mtundu, magwiridwe antchito ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka elekitirodi

Mtundu wa ma elekitirodi

Ma electrode a kaboni amatha kugawidwa m'ma electrode a kaboni, ma electrode a graphite ndi ma electrode odziphikira okha malinga ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso njira zopangira.

Ma electrode a kaboni amapangidwa ndi anthracite ya phulusa lochepa, coke yachitsulo, coke ya pitch ndi coke ya petroleum. Amapangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwake ndi kukula kwa tinthu. Powonjezera, phula la binder ndi phula zimasakanizidwa, ndipo chisakanizocho chimasakanizidwa mofanana pa kutentha koyenera. Zimapangidwa, ndipo pamapeto pake zimasungunuka pang'onopang'ono mu chowotcha. Zingagawidwe m'ma electrode achilengedwe a graphite, ma electrode a graphite opangidwa, ma electrode a carbon ndi ma electrode apadera a carbon.

Ma electrode a graphite (graphiteelectrode) amapangidwa ndi petroleum coke ndi pitch coke ngati zinthu zopangira, kenako amaikidwa mu uvuni wamagetsi wokana graphitized wokhala ndi kutentha kwa 2273 ~ 2773K, ndipo amapangidwa kukhala electrode ya graphite pogwiritsa ntchito graphitization. Ma electrode a graphite amagawidwanso m'mitundu yotsatirayi.

Ma electrode a graphite amphamvu wamba amalola kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrode a graphite okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yochepera 17 A/cm2, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ng'anjo zamagetsi zamagetsi wamba monga kupanga zitsulo, kuyeretsa kwa silicon, ndi phosphorous yachikasu.

Pamwamba pa electrode ya graphite yophimbidwa ndi anti-oxidation ili ndi choteteza (graphite electrode antioxidant) chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino komanso cholimba ku kutentha kwambiri, chomwe chimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrode popanga zitsulo (19% ~ 50%) ndikuwonjezera moyo wa ntchito ya electrode (22% ~ 60%), kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa electrode.

Ma electrode a graphite amphamvu kwambiri amalola kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrode a graphite okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya 18 mpaka 25 A/cm2, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu uvuni zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi popanga zitsulo.

Ma electrode a graphite amphamvu kwambiri amalola kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrode a graphite okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yoposa 25 A/cm2. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu uvuni wamagetsi wa arc wopanga zitsulo wamphamvu kwambiri.

Electrode yodzipangira yokha (selfbakingelectrode) pogwiritsa ntchito anthracite, coke, ndi bitumen ndi phula ngati zinthu zopangira, kupanga phala la electrode pa kutentha kwina, kenako kuyika phala la electrode mu bokosi la electrode lomwe layikidwa pa ng'anjo yamagetsi (monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1). Mu njira yopangira ng'anjo yamagetsi, kutentha kwa Joule komwe kumapangidwa ndi kudutsa kwa magetsi ndi kutentha kwa conduction mu ng'anjo kumadzipangira yokha ndikuphika. Electrode yotereyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosalekeza, ndipo imatha kupangidwa polumikiza m'mbali yayitali ndipo imatha kuyatsidwa mu mainchesi akulu. Electrode yodzipangira yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ferroalloy chifukwa cha njira yake yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo.

Chithunzi 1 Chithunzi chojambula cha chipolopolo cha electrode

Chipolopolo cha electrode imodzi; chidutswa cha nthiti ziwiri; lilime la triangle zitatu

Main luso ntchito ya electrode

Zipangizo za electrode ziyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi za physicochemical:

Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yabwino, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yochepa, kuti ichepetse kutayika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, ichepetse kutsika kwa magetsi a ukonde waufupi, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yamagetsi yogwira ntchito kuti iwonjezere mphamvu ya dziwe losungunuka;

Malo osungunuka ndi okwera kwambiri;

Kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumawonjezeka ndi kochepa, kutentha kukasintha mofulumira, sikophweka kusokonekera, ndipo kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha sikungapangitse ming'alu yaying'ono kuti iwonjezere kukana;

Khalani ndi mphamvu zokwanira zamakanika kutentha kwambiri;

Zodetsedwa zimakhala zochepa ndipo zodetsedwa sizimadetsa fungo la fungo.

Makhalidwe akuluakulu aukadaulo a electrode ya kaboni, electrode ya graphite ndi electrode yodziphikira yokha akuwonetsedwa mu Table 1 ndi Zithunzi 2 ndi 3.

Table 1 Electrode ukadaulo waluso

Chithunzi 2 Kusintha kwa resistivity ya carbon electrode ndi graphite electrode ndi kutentha

Chithunzi 3 Kutulutsa kwa ma electrode a kaboni ndi graphite ngati kutentha

Kusankha ma electrode mumakampani opanga ma ferroalloy

Ma electrode odziphikira okha amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyenga zitsulo zachitsulo, kukonza ferrosilicon, silicon chromium alloy, manganese silicon alloy, ferromanganese ya kaboni yambiri, ferrochrome ya kaboni yambiri, ferromanganese ya kaboni yapakatikati ndi yotsika, ferrochrome ya kaboni yapakatikati ndi yotsika, silicon calcium alloy, chitsulo cha tungsten. Ma electrode odziphikira okha nthawi zambiri amawonjezera kupanga ma alloy, malamba achitsulo kukhala kaboni, ndikupanga ma alloy achitsulo ndi zitsulo zoyera zokhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri. Ngati carbon ferrochrome, silicon ya mafakitale ndi zitsulo za manganese, ma electrode a kaboni kapena graphite ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

电极的种类、性能及其用途

电极种类

碳质电极按其用途及制作工艺不同可分為碳素电极、石墨电极和自焙电极三种.

碳素电极(carbonelectrode)是以低灰分的无烟煤、冶金焦、沥青焦和石油焦為原料，按一定的比例和粒度组成.混合时加入黏结剂沥.青和焦油，在适当的温度下搅拌均匀压制成形，最后在焙烧炉缓慢焙烧制得。可分為天石墨电极、人造石墨电极、碳电极以及特种碳素电极四类。

石墨电极(graphiteelectrode)以石油焦和沥青焦為原料制成碳素电极，再放到温度為2273〜2773K的石墨化电阻炉中，经石墨化而制成石墨电极„石墨电极又分为以下几。

普通功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度低于17A/cm2的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢、炼硅、炼黄磷等的普通功率电炉.

抗氧化涂层石墨电极表面涂覆既能导电又耐高温氧化的保护层(石墨电极抗氧化剂),降低炼钢时的电极消耗(19%〜50%),延长电极的使用寿命(22%〜60%),降低电极的电能消耗.

高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度為18〜25A/cm2的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢的高功率电。

超高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度大于25A/cm2的石墨电极。主要用于超高功率炼钢田。

自焙电极(selfbakingelectrode)用无烟煤、焦炭以及沥青和焦油为原料，在一定温度下制成电极糊，然后把电极糊装入已安装在电炉上的电极壳中(如图1所示)中依靠电流通过时所产生的焦耳热和炉内传导热，自行烧结焦化。边给结成形，且可焙烧成大直径的。自焙电极不仅工艺简单，成本也低，因