Rudzi, mashandiro uye kushandiswa kwe electrode
Rudzi rweElectrode
Maelectrode eCarbonaceous anogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvemaelectrode ecarbon, maelectrode egraphite uye maelectrode anozvigadzirira ega zvichienderana nemashandisirwo awo uye maitiro ekugadzira.
Kabhoni electrode yakagadzirwa neanthracite ine ash low-ash, metallurgical coke, pitch coke uye petroleum coke. Inoumbwa nehuwandu hwakati uye saizi yetsumbu. Pakuwedzera, binder asphalt netar zvinosanganiswa, uye musanganiswa unokurunga zvakaenzana patembiricha yakakodzera. Kuumbwa, uye pakupedzisira calcining zvishoma nezvishoma mu roaster. Inogona kupatsanurwa kuita natural graphite electrodes, artificial graphite electrodes, carbon electrodes uye special carbon electrodes.
Electrode yegrafiti (graphiteelectrode) inogadzirwa nepetroleum coke nepitch coke sechinhu chisina kugadzirwa, yozoiswa muchoto chemagetsi chinopinzwa negrafiti ine tembiricha ye2273 ~ 2773K, uye inogadzirwa kuita graphite electrode negrafitiization. Electrode yegrafiti inokamurwazve kuita Rudzi runotevera.
Iyo electrode yegrafiti yesimba yakajairika inobvumira kushandiswa kwemaelectrode egrafiti ane density yemazuva ano iri pasi pe17 A/cm2, uye inonyanya kushandiswa kumaovheni emagetsi esimba yakajairika akadai sekugadzira simbi, kunatswa kwesilicon, uye phosphorus yero.
Pamusoro pe graphite electrode ine anti-oxidation coated ine chinodzivirira (graphite electrode antioxidant) iyo inofambisa mhepo uye inodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, iyo inoderedza kushandiswa kwe electrode panguva yekugadzira simbi (19% ~ 50%) uye inowedzera hupenyu hwebasa re electrode (22% ~ 60%), ichideredza kushandiswa kwesimba re electrode.
Iyo graphite electrode ine simba guru inobvumira kushandiswa kwema graphite electrodes ane current density ye18 kusvika 25 A/cm2, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa mumaoven emagetsi ane simba guru ekugadzira simbi.
Maelectrode egrafiti ane simba guru kwazvo anobvumira kushandiswa kwemaelectrode egrafiti ane huwandu hwemagetsi hunopfuura 25 A/cm2. Anonyanya kushandiswa mumaovheni emagetsi ekugadzira simbi ane simba guru kwazvo.
Electrode inobika yega (selfbakingelectrode) ichishandisa anthracite, coke, uye bitumen netar sezvinhu zvakagadziriswa, ichigadzira electrode paste patembiricha yakati, uye yozoisa electrode paste mu electrode case yakaiswa pa electrode furnace (sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 1). Mukugadzirwa kwe electric furnace, kupisa kweJoule kunokonzerwa nekufamba kwe electric current uye kupisa kwe conduction mu fire furnace zvinozvipwanya zvega uye zvinobikwa. Electrode yakadaro inogona kushandiswa nguva dzose, uye inogona kugadzirwa nekubatanidza mupendero wedivi refu uye inogona kupiswa mu dhayamita yakakura. Electrode inobika yega inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira ferroalloy nekuda kwemaitiro ayo ari nyore uye mutengo wakaderera.
Mufananidzo 1. Dhiyagiramu yemufananidzo wegoko re electrode
Goko re electrode rimwe; chidimbu chembabvu mbiri; rurimi rwetriangle nhatu
Main technical performance ye electrode
Zvinhu zve electrode zvinofanira kunge zvine hunhu hunotevera hwe physicochemical:
Kufambiswa kwemhepo kuri nani, resistivity iri diki, kuderedza kurasikirwa nesimba remagetsi, kuderedza kudonha kwevoltage kweneti pfupi, uye kuwedzera voltage inoshanda kuwedzera simba redziva rakanyungudutswa;
Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yakakwira;
Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwekupisa kudiki, kana tembiricha ikachinja nekukurumidza, hazvisi nyore kukanganisika, uye kushushikana kwemukati kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwetembiricha hakugone kuburitsa matombo madiki kuti kuwedzere kuramba;
Iva nesimba rakakwana remakanika pakupisa kwakanyanya;
Kusachena kwakaderera uye kusachena hakusvibisi kunhuhwirira.
Hunhu hukuru hwe carbon electrode, graphite electrode uye self-baking electrode zvinoratidzwa muTafura 1 neMifananidzo 2 ne3.
Tafura 1 Electrode tekinoroji mashandiro
Mufananidzo 2. Kuchinja kwe resistivity ye carbon electrode ne graphite electrode nekupisa
Mufananidzo 3 Kufambiswa kwemafuta emagetsi ekabhoni negrafiti zvichienderana nekupisa
Kusarudzwa kwema electrodes muindasitiri ye ferroalloy
Maelectrode anozvibika anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukunyungudutsa alloy yesimbi, kunatsa ferrosilicon, silicon chromium alloy, manganese silicon alloy, high carbon ferromanganese, high carbon ferrochrome, medium and low carbon ferromanganese, medium and low carbon ferrochrome, medium and low carbon ferrochrome, silicon calcium alloy, tungsten iron Mirira. Maelectrode anozvibika anowanzo kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwealloys, simbi mabhandi kuita kabhoni, uye kugadzira iron alloys nesimbi dzakachena dzine kabhoni shoma kwazvo. Kana carbon ferrochrome, industrial silicon ne manganese metal, maelectrode e kabhoni kana graphite anofanira kushandiswa.
电极的种类、性能及其用途
电极种类
碳质电极按其用途及制作工艺不同可分為碳素电极、石墨电极和自焙电极三种.
碳素电极(carbonelectrode)是以低灰分的无烟煤、冶金焦、沥青焦和石油焦為原料，按一定的比例和粒度组成.混合时加入黏结剂沥.青和焦油，在适当的温度下搅拌均匀后压制成形，最后在焙烧炉缓慢焙烧制得。可分为天然石墨电极、人造石墨电极、碳电极以及特种碳素电极四类。
石墨电极(graphiteelectrode)以石油焦和沥青焦為原料制成碳素电极，再放到温度為2273〜2773K的石墨化电阻炉中，经石墨化而制成石墨电极„石墨电极又分為以下几。
普通功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度低于17A/cm2的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢、炼硅、炼黄磷等的普通功率电炉。
抗氧化涂层石墨电极表面涂覆既能导电又耐高温氧化的保护层(石墨电极抗氧化剂)，降低炼钢时的电极消耗(19%〜50%),延长电极的使用寿命(22%〜60%),降低电极的电能消耗.
高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度為18〜25A/cm2的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢的高功率电。
超高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度大于25A/cm2的石墨电极。主要用于超高功率炼钢田。
自焙电极(selfbakingelectrode)用无烟煤、焦炭以及沥青和焦油为原料，在一定温度下制成电极糊，然后把电极糊装入已安装在电炉上的电极壳中(如图1所示)中依靠电流通过时所产生的焦耳热和炉内传导热，自行烧结焦化。边给结成形，且可焙烧成大直径的。自焙电极不仅工艺简单，成本也低，因
图1 电极壳示意图
1-电极壳;2-筋片;3-三角形舌片
电极的主要技术性能
电极材料应具有下列物理化学特性:
导电性要好，电阻率要小，以减少电能的损失，减少短网压降，提高有效电压，以提高掉，以提高熔;
熔点要高;
热膨胀系数要小，当温度急变时，不易变形，不能因温度变化带來的内应力产生细小的裕小的内应力产生细小细小的蔚密;
高温下要有足够的机械强度;
杂质要低，而且杂质不污染所冶炼的品种.
碳素电极、石墨电极和自焙电极的主要技术性能如表1和图2、图3所示.
表1 电极技术性能
图2 碳素电极和石墨电极电阻率随温度的变化情况
图3 碳素电极和石墨电极热导率随温度的变化情况
铁合金工业中电极的选用
自焙电极广泛用于铁合金冶炼，炼制硅铁、硅铬合金、锰硅合金、高碳锰铁、高碳铬铁、中低碳锰铁、中低碳铬铁、硅钙合金、钨铁等。自焙电极易使生产合金增碳，铁皮带入碳，生产含碳很低的铁合金和纯金属，如果碳铬铁、工业硅和金属锰应采用碳素电极或石墨电极。
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-18-2019