Ni gute electrode za karuboni, electrode za grafiti na electrode zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kwitegura bigomba gukoreshwa neza mu nganda zikora itanura ry’umuraba?

Ubwoko, imikorere n'imikoreshereze ya electrode

Ubwoko bwa electrode

Electrode za karubone zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bya electrode za karubone, electrode za grafiti na electrode ziteka ubwazo hakurikijwe imikoreshereze yazo n'uburyo zikorwamo.

Electrode ya karuboni ikozwe muri anthracite y'ivu rike, coke ya metallurgike, coke ya pitch na coke ya peteroli. Igizwe n'ingano runaka n'ingano y'uduce. Iyo wongeyeho, asphalt na tar binder biravangwa, kandi uruvange rukavanganywa ku bushyuhe bukwiye. Bikorwa, hanyuma bigatera buhoro buhoro mu gikoni gikaranga. Ishobora kugabanywamo electrode karemano za grafiti, electrode za grafiti z'ubukorano, electrode za karuboni na electrode zidasanzwe za karuboni.

Electrode ya grafiti (graphiteelectrode) ikozwe muri peteroli coke na pitch coke nk'ibikoresho fatizo, hanyuma igashyirwa mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi rirwanya amashanyarazi rifite ubushyuhe bwa 2273 ~ 2773K, kandi igakorwamo electrode ya grafiti binyuze mu gushushanya. Electrode ya grafiti igabanyijemo ubwoko bukurikira.

Electrode isanzwe ya grafiti y'ingufu yemerera ikoreshwa rya electrode za grafiti zifite ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi buri munsi ya 17 A/cm2, kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu itanura risanzwe ry'amashanyarazi nk'iry'icyuma, gutunganya silicon, na fosifore ihinduka umuhondo.

Ubuso bwa electrode ya grafiti irinda ogisijeni butwikiriwe n'urwego rwo kurinda (electrode ya grafiti antioxidant) iyobora kandi irwanya ogisijeni ku bushyuhe bwinshi, igabanya ikoreshwa rya electrode mu gihe cyo gukora ibyuma (19% ~ 50%) kandi ikongera igihe cyo gukora cya electrode (22% ~ 60%), bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu za electrode.

Electrode ya grafiti ifite imbaraga nyinshi yemerera ikoreshwa rya electrode za grafiti zifite ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi buri hagati ya 18 na 25 A/cm2, zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi rifite ingufu nyinshi mu gukora ibyuma.

Electrode za grafiti zifite imbaraga nyinshi cyane zemerera ikoreshwa rya electrode za grafiti zifite ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi burenga 25 A/cm2. Zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu itanura ry'amashanyarazi rikora ibyuma rikoresha ingufu nyinshi cyane.

Electrode yo guteka ubwayo (selfbakingeelectrode) ikoresha anthracite, coke, na bitumen na tar nk'ibikoresho fatizo, ikora electrode paste ku bushyuhe runaka, hanyuma igashyira electrode paste mu gasanduku ka electrode kashyizwe ku itanura ry'amashanyarazi (nk'uko bigaragara ku ISHUSHO YA 1). Mu ikorwa ry'itanura ry'amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe bwa Joule buterwa no kunyura kw'amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe bwo kuyobora mu itanura burakorwa bwikora kandi bugakorwa. Iyo electrode ishobora gukoreshwa buri gihe, kandi ishobora gukorwa hifashishijwe guhuza impande ndende kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu murambararo munini. Electrode yo guteka ubwayo ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ferroalloy kubera uburyo bworoshye kandi buhendutse.

Ishusho ya 1 Ishusho y'icyitegererezo cy'agakoresho k'amashanyarazi

Igikonoshwa cya electrode 1; igice cy'imbavu 2; ururimi rw'impandeshatu 3

Imikorere y'ingenzi ya tekiniki ya electrode

Ibikoresho bya electrode bigomba kugira imiterere ikurikira ya fizikiki:

Ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuriro ni bwiza, ubushobozi bwo kwirinda umuriro ni buke, kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo cy'ingufu z'amashanyarazi, bigabanye igabanuka ry'amashanyarazi mu rushundura rugufi, kandi byongera ingufu zifatika kugira ngo bongere imbaraga za pisine ishongeshejwe;

Aho gushonga ni henshi;

Igipimo cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe ni gito, iyo ubushyuhe buhindutse vuba, ntabwo byoroshye kumera nabi, kandi umuvuduko w'imbere uterwa n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe ntushobora gutera imiyoboro mito kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubushyuhe;

Ifite imbaraga zihagije za mekanike mu bushyuhe bwinshi;

Umwanda ni muto kandi umwanda ntuhumanya umwotsi.

Imiterere y'ingenzi ya tekiniki ya electrode ya karuboni, electrode ya grafiti na electrode yitegura ubwayo igaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 1 no ku mashusho ya 2 na 3.

Imbonerahamwe ya 1 Imikorere ya tekiniki ya Electrode

Igishushanyo cya 2 Impinduka mu kurengera kwa electrode ya karuboni na electrode ya grafiti bitewe n'ubushyuhe

Ishusho ya 3 Uburyo electrode za karuboni na grafiti zitwara ubushyuhe nk'uko ubushyuhe buhagaze

Guhitamo electrode mu nganda za ferroalloy

Electrode ziteka ubwazo zikoreshwa cyane mu gushonga alloy y'icyuma, gutunganya ferrosilicon, silicon chromium alloy, manganese silicon alloy, ferromanganese nyinshi ya karuboni, ferrochrome nyinshi ya karuboni, ferromanganese iri hagati na hasi ya karuboni, ferrochrome iri hagati na hasi ya karuboni, silicon calcium alloy, tungsten iron Wait. Electrode ziteka ubwazo zikunda kongera umusaruro wa alloy, imikandara y'icyuma muri karuboni, kandi zigakora alloy z'icyuma n'ibyuma bisukuye bifite karuboni nkeya cyane. Niba ferrochrome ya karuboni, silicon ikoze mu nganda na manganese, hagomba gukoreshwa electrode za karuboni cyangwa grafiti.

电极的种类、性能及其用途

电极种类

碳质电极按其用途及制作工艺不同可分为碳素电极、石墨电极和自焙电极三种。

(Carbonelectrode) 是以低灰分的无烟煤、冶金焦、沥青焦和石油焦为原料，按一定的比例和粒度组成. 混合时加入黏结剂沥青和焦油，在适当的温度下搅拌均匀后压制成形，最后在焙烧炉中缓慢焙烧制得。可分为天然石墨电极、人造石墨电极、碳电极以及特种碳素电极四类。

Graph (graphiteelectrode) 以石油焦和沥青焦为原料制成碳素电极，再放到温度为 2273〜2773K 的石墨化电阻炉中，经石墨化而制成石墨电极 „石墨电极又分为以下几种。

普通功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度低于 17A / cm2 的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢、炼硅、炼黄磷等的普通功率电炉。

抗氧化涂层石墨电极表面涂覆既能导电又耐高温氧化的保护层 (石墨电极抗氧化剂) ，降低炼钢时的电极消耗 (19% 〜50%), 延长电极的使用寿命 (22% 〜60%), 降低电极的电能消耗。

高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度为 18〜25A / cm2 的石墨电极，主要用于炼钢的高功率电弧炉。

超高功率石墨电极允许使用电流密度大于 25A / cm2 的石墨电极。主要用于超高功率炼钢电弧炉。

自焙电极 (selfbakingelectrode) 用无烟煤、焦炭以及沥青和焦油为原料，在一定温度下制成电极糊，然后把电极糊装入已安装在电炉上的电极壳中 (如图 1 所示) ，在电炉生产过程中依靠电流通过时所产生的焦耳热和炉内传导热，自行烧结焦化。这种电极可连续使用，边使用边接长边给结成形，且可焙烧成大直径的。自焙电极不仅工艺简单，成本也低，因此被广泛用于铁合金生产。