Menene ƙa'idar motar ƙwayoyin man fetur ta hydrogen?

Tarin mai wani nau'in na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ce, wacce ke canza makamashin sinadarai a cikin mai zuwa makamashin lantarki ta hanyar redox reaction na oxygen ko wasu oxidants. Man fetur da aka fi sani shine hydrogen, wanda za'a iya fahimta a matsayin juyi na amsawar ruwa zuwa hydrogen da oxygen.

Ba kamar roka ba, ƙwayar man fetur ta hydrogen ba ta samar da makamashin motsi ta hanyar tashin hankali na hydrogen da konewar iskar oxygen, amma tana fitar da makamashin Gibbs kyauta a cikin hydrogen ta hanyar na'urar catalytic. Ka'idar aikinta ita ce hydrogen yana narkewa zuwa electrons da hydrogen ions (protons) ta hanyar catalyst (yawanci platinum) a cikin electrode mai kyau na ƙwayar man fetur. Protons suna isa ga electrode mara kyau ta hanyar membrane na musayar proton kuma suna amsawa da oxygen don samar da ruwa da zafi. Elektrons masu dacewa suna gudana daga electrode mai kyau zuwa electrode mara kyau ta hanyar da'irar waje don samar da makamashin lantarki. Ba shi da matsala ta thermal na kusan kashi 40% ga injin mai, kuma ingancin ƙwayar man fetur ta hydrogen na iya kaiwa sama da kashi 60%.

Tun shekaru kaɗan da suka gabata, an san makamashin hydrogen a matsayin "ƙarshen tsari" na sabbin motocin makamashi saboda fa'idodinsa na rashin gurɓatawa, makamashin da ake sabuntawa, saurin hydrogenation, cikakken kewayon da sauransu. Duk da haka, ka'idar fasaha ta ƙwayar man fetur ta hydrogen cikakke ce, amma ci gaban masana'antu yana da koma baya sosai. Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen haɓaka shi shine kula da farashi. Wannan ba wai kawai ya haɗa da farashin abin hawa ba, har ma da farashin samar da hydrogen da adanawa.

Ci gaban motocin ƙwayoyin hydrogen ya dogara ne akan gina kayayyakin more rayuwa na man hydrogen kamar samar da hydrogen, adana hydrogen, jigilar hydrogen da kuma hydrogenation. Ba kamar trams na tsarkakku ba, waɗanda za a iya caji a hankali a gida ko a cikin kamfani, motocin hydrogen za a iya cajin su ne kawai a tashar hydrogenation, don haka buƙatar tashar caji ya fi gaggawa. Ba tare da cikakken hanyar sadarwa ta hydrogenation ba, ci gaban masana'antar motocin hydrogen ba zai yiwu ba.