Graphite electrode abu ne mai jure zafi mai yawa wanda aka samar ta hanyar man fetur, allurar coke a matsayin tarawa da kuma bitumen kwal a matsayin mai ɗaurewa, wanda ake samarwa ta hanyar jerin matakai kamar ƙullawa, gyaran fuska, gasawa, impregnation, graphitization da sarrafa kayan inji.
Elektrode na graphite muhimmin abu ne mai amfani da zafin jiki mai yawa don yin ƙarfe na lantarki. Ana amfani da electrode na graphite don shigar da makamashin lantarki zuwa tanda ta lantarki, kuma ana amfani da zafin jiki mai yawa da baka tsakanin ƙarshen electrode da cajin ke samarwa a matsayin tushen zafi don narke cajin don yin ƙarfe. Sauran tanderun ma'adinai waɗanda ke narkar da kayayyaki kamar su phosphorus mai rawaya, silicon na masana'antu, da abrasives suma suna amfani da electrode na graphite a matsayin kayan sarrafawa. Hakanan ana amfani da kyawawan halaye na zahiri da na sinadarai na electrode na graphite sosai a wasu sassan masana'antu.
Kayan da ake amfani da su wajen samar da na'urorin lantarki na graphite sune man fetur coke, allura coke da kuma kwal tar pitch.
Man fetur coke samfuri ne mai ƙarfi wanda ake samu ta hanyar amfani da ragowar kwal da kuma bututun mai. Launinsa baƙi ne kuma mai ramuka, babban sinadarin carbon ne, kuma abun da ke cikin tokar yana da ƙasa sosai, gabaɗaya ƙasa da 0.5%. Man fetur coke yana cikin rukunin carbon mai sauƙin graphitized. Man fetur coke yana da amfani iri-iri a masana'antar sinadarai da ƙarfe. Shi ne babban kayan da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da kayayyakin graphite na wucin gadi da kayayyakin carbon don aluminum mai amfani da lantarki.
Ana iya raba coke ɗin mai zuwa nau'i biyu: coke danye da kuma coke da aka yi da calcined bisa ga zafin zafin da ake amfani da shi wajen sarrafa zafi. Tsohon coke ɗin mai da aka samu ta hanyar jinkirin coking yana ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na abubuwa masu canzawa, kuma ƙarfin injin yana da ƙasa. Ana samun coke ɗin da aka yi da calcined ta hanyar calcined na coke danye. Yawancin matatun mai a China suna samar da coke ne kawai, kuma galibi ana gudanar da ayyukan calcination a masana'antun carbon.
Ana iya raba coke ɗin mai zuwa babban coke na sulfur (wanda ke ɗauke da fiye da kashi 1.5% na sulfur), matsakaiciyar coke na sulfur (wanda ke ɗauke da kashi 0.5%-1.5% na sulfur), da kuma ƙaramin coke na sulfur (wanda ke ɗauke da ƙasa da kashi 0.5% na sulfur). Ana samar da electrodes na graphite da sauran samfuran graphite na wucin gadi gabaɗaya ta amfani da ƙaramin coke na sulfur.
Allura coke wani nau'in coke ne mai inganci wanda yake da siffar fibrous a bayyane, ƙarancin yawan faɗaɗa zafi da kuma sauƙin graphitization. Idan coke ya karye, ana iya raba shi zuwa siriri bisa ga yanayin (rabo na al'amari gabaɗaya yana sama da 1.75). Ana iya ganin tsarin fibrous anisotropic a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa ta polarizing, saboda haka ana kiransa da allura coke.
Anisotropy na halayen jiki da na injiniya na allurar coke a bayyane yake. Yana da kyakkyawan yanayin wutar lantarki da na zafi daidai da alkiblar dogon axis na barbashi, kuma yawan faɗaɗa zafi yana da ƙasa. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen ƙirƙirar fitattun abubuwa, ana shirya dogon axis na yawancin barbashi a alkiblar fitarwa. Saboda haka, allurar coke ita ce babbar kayan da ake amfani da ita don kera manyan electrodes na graphite masu ƙarfi ko masu ƙarfi. Graphite electrode da aka samar yana da ƙarancin juriya, ƙaramin ƙimar faɗaɗa zafi da kuma kyakkyawan juriyar girgizar zafi.
An raba allurar coke zuwa allurar coke mai tushen mai wanda aka samar daga ragowar man fetur da kuma allurar coke mai tushen kwal wanda aka samar daga kayan albarkatun kwal da aka tace.
Kwal kwal yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan samfuran sarrafa kwal kwal. Cakuda ce ta hydrocarbons daban-daban, baƙi a babban zafin jiki, rabin-mai ƙarfi ko mai ƙarfi a babban zafin jiki, babu tsayayyen wurin narkewa, ana laushi bayan dumama, sannan a narke, tare da yawan 1.25-1.35 g/cm3. Dangane da wurin laushinsa, an raba shi zuwa ƙananan zafin jiki, matsakaicin zafin jiki da babban kwalta. Yawan kwalta na matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 54-56% na kwalta. Haɗin kwalta yana da matuƙar rikitarwa, wanda ke da alaƙa da halayen kwalta da abubuwan heteroatoms, kuma tsarin tsarin coking da yanayin sarrafa kwalta yana shafar shi. Akwai alamomi da yawa don siffanta kwalta kwalta kwalta, kamar bitumen softening point, toluene insolubles (TI), quinoline insolubles (QI), ƙimar coking, da rheology na kwalta kwalta.
Ana amfani da kwal a matsayin abin ɗaurewa da kuma sanya ciki a masana'antar carbon, kuma aikinta yana da tasiri sosai kan tsarin samarwa da ingancin kayayyakin carbon. Kwalta mai ɗaurewa gabaɗaya yana amfani da kwalta mai matsakaicin zafin jiki ko matsakaici mai daidaitawa wanda ke da matsakaicin matsayi mai laushi, ƙimar coking mai yawa, da kuma resin β mai yawa. Maganin da ke sanyawa kwalta shine kwalta mai matsakaicin zafin jiki wanda ke da ƙarancin matsayi mai laushi, ƙarancin QI, da kyawawan halaye na rheological.
Hoton da ke ƙasa yana nuna tsarin samar da lantarki mai siffar graphite a cikin masana'antar carbon.
Calcination: Ana sarrafa sinadarin carbon a zafin jiki mai yawa don fitar da danshi da kuma sinadaran da ke cikinsa, kuma tsarin samarwa wanda ya dace da inganta aikin girki na asali ana kiransa calcination. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da sinadarin carbon a matsayin tushen zafi, kuma matsakaicin zafin shine 1250-1350 °C.
Calcination yana yin manyan canje-canje a cikin tsari da halayen sinadarai na kayan albarkatun carbonaceous, galibi wajen inganta yawansu, ƙarfin injina da kuma ikon amfani da wutar lantarki na coke, inganta daidaiton sinadarai da juriya ga iskar shaka na coke, yana shimfida harsashin tsari na gaba.
Kayan aikin da aka yi da calcine sun haɗa da tankin calcine, murhun juyawa da kuma na'urar calcine mai amfani da wutar lantarki. Ma'aunin kula da inganci na calcine shine cewa ainihin yawan coke na man fetur bai gaza 2.07g/cm3 ba, juriya ba ta wuce 550μΩ.m ba, ainihin yawan coke na allura bai gaza 2.12g/cm3 ba, kuma juriya ba ta wuce 500μΩ.m ba.
Niƙa kayan da sinadaran
Kafin a haɗa su, dole ne a niƙa coke ɗin petroleum da needle coke ɗin da aka haɗa da calcined, a niƙa, sannan a tace.
Ana yin niƙa matsakaiciyar na'urar niƙa ta hanyar amfani da kayan niƙa mai tsawon milimita 50 ta hanyar na'urar niƙa muƙamuƙi, na'urar niƙa guduma, na'urar niƙa birgima da makamantansu don ƙara niƙa kayan da girmansu ya kai milimita 0.5-20 da ake buƙata don yin batching.
Niƙa wani tsari ne na niƙa wani abu mai amfani da iskar carbon zuwa ƙaramin ƙwayar foda mai girman 0.15 mm ko ƙasa da haka da kuma girman ƙwayar 0.075 mm ko ƙasa da haka ta hanyar amfani da injin niƙa mai nau'in dakatarwa (Raymond niƙa), injin niƙa ƙwallo, ko makamancin haka.
Tantancewa tsari ne da ake raba nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban bayan an niƙa su zuwa nau'ikan girman barbashi da yawa tare da ƙananan girman girma ta hanyar jerin sieves tare da buɗewa iri ɗaya. Samar da wutar lantarki ta yanzu yawanci yana buƙatar ƙananan ƙarfe 4-5 da kuma ma'aunin foda 1-2.
Sinadaran sune hanyoyin samarwa don ƙididdigewa, aunawa da kuma mai da hankali kan tarin abubuwa daban-daban na tarin abubuwa da foda da abubuwan ɗaurewa bisa ga buƙatun tsari. Dacewar kimiyya ta tsarin da kuma daidaiton aikin yin battering suna daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar ma'aunin inganci da aikin samfurin.
Tsarin yana buƙatar tantance fannoni 5:
1Zaɓi nau'in kayan da aka yi amfani da su;
2 ƙayyade rabon nau'ikan kayan masarufi daban-daban;
3 tantance girman barbashi na kayan da aka yi da tauri;
4 ƙayyade adadin abin ɗaurewa;
5 Kayyade nau'in da adadin ƙarin abubuwa.
Kurkuwa: Haɗawa da ƙididdige nau'ikan ƙwayoyin carbonaceous da foda iri-iri tare da wani adadin manne a wani zafin jiki, da kuma murƙushe manne mai laushi zuwa wani tsari da ake kira kurkurewa.
Tsarin cusawa: busasshen cakuda (minti 20-35) cakuda mai jika (minti 40-55)
Matsayin durƙusawa:
1 Lokacin da ake haɗa kayan busasshe, ana haɗa kayan da aka haɗa iri-iri iri ɗaya, kuma ana haɗa kayan da aka haɗa da carbon mai ƙarfi na girman barbashi daban-daban a lokaci guda don inganta haɗar;
2 Bayan an ƙara kwal kwal, busasshen kayan da kwalta za a gauraya su daidai gwargwado. Kwalta mai ruwa yana shafa saman ƙwayoyin don ya samar da wani Layer na haɗin kwalta, kuma dukkan kayan suna haɗe da juna don samar da wani abu mai kama da filastik. Yana haifar da ƙira;
Sassan kwal guda 3 na kwal suna shiga cikin sararin ciki na kayan carbonaceous, wanda hakan ke ƙara yawan manna da haɗin kai.
Gyaran Kaya: Gyaran kayan carbon yana nufin tsarin canza manna carbon da aka murƙushe ta hanyar filastik a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin waje da kayan aikin ƙera ke amfani da shi don samar da jiki kore (ko samfurin da ba a sarrafa ba) wanda ke da takamaiman siffa, girma, yawa da ƙarfi.
Nau'in gyare-gyare, kayan aiki da samfuran da aka samar:
Hanyar ƙera
Kayan aiki na yau da kullun
manyan kayayyakin
Gyara
Matsewar na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa a tsaye
Carbon mai amfani da wutar lantarki, ƙarancin tsari mai kyau na graphite
Matsi
Mai fitar da na'urar fitar da ruwa ta kwance
Mai fitar da sukurori
Electrode mai siffar graphite, electrode mai siffar murabba'i
Ginawar girgiza
Injin gyaran girgiza
Bulo na carbon na aluminum, tubalin carbon na tanderu, injin tanderu mai fashewa
Matsi na Isostatic
Injin gyare-gyaren Isostatic
Graphite na Isotropic, Graphite na Anisotropic
Aikin matsi
1 kayan sanyaya: kayan sanyaya faifan diski, kayan sanyaya silinda, kayan sanyaya hadawa da mannawa, da sauransu.
Fitar da ƙwayoyin cuta, rage su zuwa zafin da ya dace (90-120 ° C) don ƙara mannewa, don toshewar manna ta kasance iri ɗaya na tsawon minti 20-30
2 Ana lodawa: matse baffle mai ɗagawa —– yanka sau 2-3—-matsewa 4-10MPa
Matsi 3 kafin matsi: matsin lamba 20-25MPa, lokaci na minti 3-5, yayin da ake yin injin tsabtace iska
Fitar da ruwa 4: danna ƙasa da baffle —fitar da ruwa 5-15MPa — a yanka — a cikin sink mai sanyaya ruwa
Sigogi na fasaha na extrusion: rabon matsi, zafin ɗakin latsawa da bututun ƙarfe, zafin sanyaya, lokacin matsin lamba na farko, matsin lamba na extrusion, saurin extrusion, zafin ruwan sanyaya
Duba jiki kore: yawan yawa, taɓawa da kamanni, bincike
Calcination: Wani tsari ne da ake cika jikin kore na samfurin carbon a cikin wani tanderu na musamman da aka tsara a ƙarƙashin kariyar mai cikawa don yin maganin zafi mai zafi don rage yawan iskar carbon a cikin jikin kore. Coke na bitumen da aka samar bayan carbonization na bitumen na kwal yana ƙarfafa tarin carbonaceous da ƙwayoyin foda tare, kuma samfurin carbon da aka calcined yana da ƙarfin injiniya mai yawa, ƙarancin juriyar lantarki, kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na zafi da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai.
Calcination yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samar da kayayyakin carbon, kuma muhimmin ɓangare ne na manyan hanyoyin magance zafi guda uku na samar da lantarki mai siffar graphite. Zagayen samar da calcination yana da tsawo (kwanaki 22-30 don yin burodi, kwana 5-20 ga tanda don yin burodi guda biyu), da kuma yawan amfani da makamashi. Ingancin gasa kore yana da tasiri kan ingancin samfurin da aka gama da kuma farashin samarwa.
Ana yin coke na koren kwal a jikin kore yayin gasawa, kuma kusan kashi 10% na abin da ke canzawa ana fitar da shi, kuma ana samar da ƙarar ta hanyar raguwar kashi 2-3%, kuma asarar taro shine kashi 8-10%. Halayen zahiri da na sinadarai na carbon billet suma sun canza sosai. Porosity ya ragu daga 1.70 g/cm3 zuwa 1.60 g/cm3 kuma juriyar ta ragu daga 10000 μΩ·m zuwa 40-50 μΩ·m saboda karuwar porosity. Ƙarfin injina na calcined billet shima yayi yawa. Don ingantawa.
Yin burodi na biyu tsari ne da ake nutsar da samfurin da aka yi da calcine sannan a sanya shi a cikin kakin don ya zama carbon a cikin ramin samfurin da aka yi da calcine. Ana buƙatar a haɗa electrodes ɗin da ke buƙatar yawan taro mai yawa (duk nau'ikan banda RP) da blanks na haɗin gwiwa, kuma ana ba da blanks na haɗin gwiwa ga blends na haɗin gwiwa ga blends na haɗin gwiwa sau uku-huɗu ko blends na blends biyu-huɗu.
Babban nau'in gasasshen tanda:
Ci gaba da aiki—- murfi mai zobe (tare da murfi, ba tare da murfi ba), murhun rami
Aiki na ɗan lokaci—- murhun juyawa, murhun ƙasa, murhun akwati
Lanƙwasa na calcination da matsakaicin zafin jiki:
Gasawa sau ɗaya—-320, 360, 422, 480 hours, 1250 °C
Gasawa ta biyu—-125, 240, 280 hours, 700-800 °C
Duba kayayyakin gasa: taɓawa ta yadda za a iya gani, juriyar lantarki, yawan taro, ƙarfin matsi, nazarin tsarin ciki
Tsarin sanya sinadarin carbon a cikin wani bututun matsi sannan a nutsar da sinadarin ruwa a cikin ramukan electrode na samfurin a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi na zafin jiki da matsin lamba. Manufar ita ce rage yawan sinadarin, ƙara yawan sinadarin da ƙarfin injina na samfurin, da kuma inganta yanayin wutar lantarki da zafin jiki na samfurin.
Tsarin sanyawa da sauran sigogin fasaha masu alaƙa sune: gasa billet - tsaftace saman - dumamawa kafin lokaci (260-380 °C, awanni 6-10) - loda tankin sanyawa - sharewa (8-9KPa, mintuna 40-50) - Allurar bitumen (180-200 °C) - Matsi (awanni 1.2-1.5 MPa, awanni 3-4) - Komawa zuwa kwalta - Sanyaya (a ciki ko wajen tankin)
Duba kayayyakin da aka yi wa ciki: ƙimar ƙaruwar nauyi a cikin ciki G=(W2-W1)/W1×100%
Ƙara nauyi ɗaya na nutsewa ≥14%
Yawan ƙaruwar nauyin samfurin da aka yi wa ciki na biyu ≥ 9%
Kayayyaki uku masu nitsewa ƙimar ƙaruwar nauyi ≥ 5%
Grafitization yana nufin tsarin sarrafa zafi mai zafi inda ake dumama samfurin carbon zuwa zafin jiki na 2300 ° C ko fiye a cikin wani abu mai kariya a cikin tanderun lantarki mai zafi don canza tsarin carbon mai layi-layi zuwa tsarin lu'ulu'u mai tsari uku.
Manufar da tasirin graphitization:
1 inganta watsawa da watsawa da zafi na kayan carbon (juriyar ta ragu da sau 4-5, kuma watsawa da zafi ta karu da kusan sau 10);
2 inganta juriyar girgizar zafi da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai na kayan carbon (ƙaddamar fadada layi ya ragu da 50-80%);
3 don yin amfani da man shafawa da juriya ga lalata kayan carbon;
4 A cire ƙazanta daga shaye-shaye, a inganta tsarkin sinadarin carbon (an rage yawan tokar da ke cikin samfurin daga 0.5-0.8% zuwa kusan 0.3%).
Tsarin aiwatar da graphitization:
Ana yin zane-zanen kayan carbon a yanayin zafi mai zafi na 2300-3000 °C, don haka ana iya gano shi ne kawai ta hanyar dumama wutar lantarki a masana'antar, wato, wutar lantarki tana ratsawa kai tsaye ta cikin samfurin da aka yi wa calcine mai zafi, kuma samfurin da aka ɗora a cikin tanderu yana samar da wutar lantarki a yanayin zafi mai zafi. Mai jagora kuma abu ne da ake dumama shi zuwa yanayin zafi mai zafi.
Tandunan wutar lantarki da ake amfani da su a yanzu sun haɗa da tanderun Acheson graphitization da tanderun wutar lantarki na ciki (LWG). Na farko yana da babban fitarwa, babban bambancin zafin jiki, da kuma yawan amfani da wutar lantarki mai yawa. Na biyun yana da ɗan gajeren lokacin dumama, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, juriyar wutar lantarki iri ɗaya, kuma bai dace da dacewa ba.
Ana sarrafa sarrafa tsarin graphitization ta hanyar auna lanƙwasa wutar lantarki wanda ya dace da yanayin hauhawar zafin jiki. Lokacin samar da wutar lantarki shine awanni 50-80 ga tandar Acheson da awanni 9-15 ga tandar LWG.
Amfanin wutar lantarki na graphitization yana da girma sosai, gabaɗaya 3200-4800KWh, kuma farashin aikin ya kai kusan kashi 20-35% na jimlar kuɗin samarwa.
Duba samfuran da aka zana a cikin graphit: taɓawa ta gani, gwajin juriya
Injin: Manufar injinan sarrafa kayan carbon graphite shine don cimma girman da ake buƙata, siffarsa, daidaitonsa, da sauransu ta hanyar yankewa don yin jikin lantarki da haɗin gwiwa daidai da buƙatun amfani.
An raba sarrafa lantarki na graphite zuwa matakai biyu masu zaman kansu: jikin lantarki da haɗin gwiwa.
Tsarin sarrafa jiki ya haɗa da matakai uku na fuska mai laushi da mara daɗi, da'ira ta waje da zaren fuska mai faɗi da zaren niƙa. Ana iya raba sarrafa haɗin mazugi zuwa matakai 6: yankewa, fuskar da'ira mai faɗi, fuskar mazugi ta mota, zaren niƙa, ƙugiya mai haƙa rami da kuma ramin rami.
Haɗin haɗin lantarki: haɗin haɗin mazugi (ƙulle uku da ƙulle ɗaya), haɗin haɗin silinda, haɗin ƙulle (haɗin namiji da mace)
Kula da daidaiton injin: karkatar da zare, karkatar da zare, babban karkacewar diamita na haɗin gwiwa (rami), haɗin ramin haɗin gwiwa, tsaye na ramin haɗin gwiwa, madaidaicin fuskar ƙarshen lantarki, karkacewar ma'auni huɗu na haɗin gwiwa. Duba da ma'aunin zobe na musamman da ma'aunin faranti.
Duba na'urorin lantarki da aka gama: daidaito, nauyi, tsayi, diamita, yawan taro, juriya, juriya kafin haɗawa, da sauransu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Oktoba-31-2019