Electrode yeGraphite chinhu chinofambisa girafiti chinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya chinogadzirwa ne petroleum knead, needle coke se aggregate uye coal bitumen se binder, izvo zvinogadzirwa kuburikidza nemaitiro akatevedzana akadai sekukanya, kuumba, kugocha, kuisa mudumbu, graphitization uye mechanical processing.
Electrode yegrafiti chinhu chakakosha chinofambisa magetsi pakupisa kwepamusoro-soro pakugadzira simbi yemagetsi. Electrode yegrafiti inoshandiswa kuisa simba remagetsi muchoto chemagetsi, uye kupisa kwakanyanya kunogadzirwa nearc iri pakati pemagumo eelectrode nechaji kunoshandiswa senzvimbo yekupisa kunyungudutsa chaji yekugadzira simbi. Mamwe maore ore anonyungudutsa zvinhu zvakaita seyero phosphorus, industrial silicon, uye abrasives anoshandisawo ma graphite electrodes sezvinhu zvinofambisa magetsi. Hunhu hwakanaka uye hwakakosha hwe physical uye chemical hwema graphite electrodes hunoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mune mamwe maindasitiri.
Zvinhu zvekugadzira ma electrode e graphite i petroleum coke, needle coke uye coal tar pitch.
Petroleum coke chigadzirwa chakasimba chinobvira moto chinowanikwa ne coking coal residue uye petroleum pitch. Ruvara rwayo rutema uye rune maburi, chinhu chikuru icarbon, uye dota rayo rakaderera zvikuru, kazhinji riri pasi pe0.5%. Petroleum coke iri muboka re graphised carbon. Petroleum coke ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana mumaindasitiri emakemikari nesimbi. Ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zve graphite zvekugadzira uye zvigadzirwa zve carbon zve electrolytic aluminum.
Coke yepetroleum inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: coke isina kugadzirwa (raw coke) necoke ine calcium zvichienderana nekupisa kwekupisa. Coke yekare yepetroleum inowanikwa ne coking yakanonoka ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemhepo inoputika, uye simba remuchina rakaderera. Coke ine calcium inowanikwa ne calcination yecoke isina kugadzirwa (raw coke). Mazhinji emafekitori muChina anogadzira coke chete, uye mabasa e calcination anowanzoitwa mumiti ine carbon.
Coke yepetroleum inogona kukamurwa kuita coke ine sulfur yakawanda (ine inopfuura 1.5% sarufa), coke ye sulfur yepakati (ine 0.5%-1.5% sarufa), uye coke ye sulfur yakaderera (ine isingasviki 0.5% sarufa). Kugadzirwa kwema electrodes e graphite nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zve graphite zvekugadzira zvinowanzogadzirwa uchishandisa coke ine sulfur shoma.
Needle coke rudzi rwe coke yemhando yepamusoro ine magadzirirwo akajeka e fibrous, thermal expansion coefficient yakaderera uye graphitization iri nyore. Kana coke yapwanyika, inogona kupatsanurwa kuita mitsetse mitete zvichienderana nemagadzirirwo (aspect ratio inowanzo kuve pamusoro pe 1.75). Chimiro che anisotropic fibrous chinogona kuonekwa pasi pe polarizing microscope, uye nekudaro chinonzi needle coke.
Hunhu hwe anisotropy hwe physico-mechanical ye needle coke hunoonekwa pachena. Ine magetsi akanaka uye kupisa kwakaenzana negwara refu re particle, uye coefficient yekuwedzera kwekupisa yakaderera. Pakuumbwa kwe extrusion, axis refu yezvikamu zvakawanda inorongwa munzira ye extrusion. Saka, needle coke ndiyo chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira ma electrodes e graphite ane simba guru kana ultra-high-power. Electrode ye graphite inogadzirwa ine resistivity yakaderera, thermal expansion coefficient diki uye thermal shock resistance yakanaka.
Needle coke yakakamurwa kuita needle coke yakagadzirwa nemafuta inogadzirwa kubva mumafuta akasara uye needle coke yakagadzirwa nemarasha inogadzirwa kubva muzvinhu zvakacheneswa zvemarasha.
Tar yemarasha ndeimwe yezvigadzirwa zvikuru zvekugadzirisa tar yemarasha zvakadzama. Imusanganiswa wemahydrocarbon akasiyana-siyana, matema pakupisa kwakanyanya, hafu-yakasimba kana yakasimba pakupisa kwakanyanya, isina nzvimbo yakanyunguduka yakatarwa, inonyoroveswa mushure mekudziya, yozonyunguduka, ine density ye1.25-1.35 g/cm3. Zvichienderana nenzvimbo yayo yekunyorovesa, yakakamurwa kuita asphalt yekupisa kwakaderera, tembiricha yepakati uye tembiricha yepamusoro. Goho reasphalt yekupisa kwepakati nepakati i54-56% yetar yemarasha. Kuumbwa kwetar yemarasha kwakaoma zvikuru, izvo zvine chekuita nehunhu hwetar yemarasha uye huwandu hweheteroatoms, uye zvinokanganiswawo nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa coking uye mamiriro ekugadzirisa coal tar. Kune zviratidzo zvakawanda zvekutsanangura coal tar pitch, zvakaita sebitumen softening point, toluene insolubles (TI), quinoline insolubles (QI), coking values, uye coal pitch rheology.
Tar yemarasha inoshandiswa semusanganiswa uye inoisa simbi mumaindasitiri ekabhoni, uye mashandiro ayo ane simba guru pakugadzirwa uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa chekabhoni. Asphalt yemusanganiswa inowanzo shandisa asphalt yakagadziriswa yepakati nepakati kana tembiricha yepakati ine poindi yekunyorovesa iri pakati nepakati, kukosha kwayo kwakanyanya, uye resin ine β yakawanda. Iyo inoisa simbi iasphalt yepakati nepakati ine poindi yekunyorovesa iri pasi, QI yakaderera, uye hunhu hwakanaka hwerheological.
Mufananidzo unotevera unoratidza maitiro ekugadzira graphite electrode mubhizinesi rekabhoni.
Kupisa: Chinhu chisina kubikwa checarbonaceous chinopiswa nekupisa patembiricha yepamusoro kuti chibudise hunyoro nechinhu chisina kubikwa chirimo, uye maitiro ekugadzira anoenderana nekuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwekutanga kwekubika anonzi calcination. Kazhinji, chinhu chisina kubikwa checarbonaceous chinopiswa nekushandisa gasi nemafuta aro senzvimbo yekupisa, uye tembiricha yepamusoro ndeye 1250-1350 °C.
Kugadziriswa kwemakemikari kunoita shanduko huru muchimiro uye hunhu hwemakemikari ezvinhu zvecarbonaceous, kunyanya mukuvandudza huwandu, simba remakanika uye kufambisa kwemagetsi kwecoke, kuvandudza kugadzikana kwemakemikari uye kuramba kweoxidation kwecoke, zvichiisa hwaro hwemaitiro anotevera.
Midziyo ine calcium yakawanda inosanganisira tank calciner, rotary kiln uye electric calciner. Calcination index yemhando yepamusoro ndeyekuti density chaiyo ye petroleum coke haisi pasi pe 2.07g/cm3, resistivity haisi kupfuura 550μΩ.m, density chaiyo ye needle coke haisi pasi pe 2.12g/cm3, uye resistivity haisi kupfuura 500μΩ.m.
Kupwanya zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa
Pamberi pekusanganisa, coke yepetroleum ine calcium yakawanda ne needle coke inofanira kupwanywa, kukuyiwa, uye kusefwa.
Kupwanya kwepakati kunowanzoitwa nemidziyo yekupwanya ine hupamhi hwemamirimita angangoita 50 kuburikidza nejaw crusher, hammer crusher, roll crusher nezvimwe zvakadaro kuti unyatsopwanya zvinhu zvehukuru hwe 0.5-20 mm zvinodiwa pakubatanidza.
Kugaya chinhu chinogaya kabhoni kuita chidimbu chidiki chine hupfu hwe 0.15 mm kana pasi uye saizi yechidimbu che 0.075 mm kana pasi uchishandisa muchina we suspension-type ring roll mill (Raymond mill), muchina we ball mill, kana zvimwe zvakadaro.
Kuongorora ibasa rinoitwa mushure mekupwanya zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehukuru hwezvimedu zvine saizi shoma kuburikidza nemasefa ane maburi akafanana. Kugadzirwa kwemaerekitirodhi pari zvino kunowanzoda mapellets mana kusvika mashanu uye 1-2 powder grades.
Zvimisikidzo inzira dzekugadzira, kuyera uye kutarisisa huwandu hwakasiyana hwezvinhu zvakasanganiswa, hupfu, uye zvinosunga zvichienderana nezvinodiwa pakugadzira. Kukodzera kwesainzi kwekugadzira uye kugadzikana kwekushanda kwekubatanidza zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinonyanya kukanganisa kunaka uye mashandiro echigadzirwa.
Fomura iyi inofanira kusarudza zvinhu zvishanu:
1Sarudza mhando yezvinhu zvakagadziriswa;
2 kuona huwandu hwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zvakagadzirwa;
3 kuona saizi yezvikamu zvechinhu chakasimba chisina kugadzirwa;
4 sarudza huwandu hwebhainda;
5 Sarudza rudzi nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinowedzerwa.
Kukanya: Kusanganisa nekuyera huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvecarbonaceous granules nehupfu uchishandisa huwandu hwakati hwebinder patembiricha yakati, uye kukanya plasticity paste kuita maitiro anonzi kneading.
Maitiro ekukanya: kusanganisa kwakaoma (20-35 min) kusanganisa kwakanyorova (40-55 min)
Basa rekukanya:
1 Pakusanganisa yakaoma, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganiswa zvakaenzana, uye zvinhu zvakasimba zvecarbonaceous zvehukuru hwakasiyana zvinosanganiswa zvakaenzana uye zvinozadzwa kuti musanganiswa uve wakaoma;
2 Mushure mekuwedzera marasha etara, zvinhu zvakaoma neasphalt zvinosanganiswa zvakaenzana. Asphalt yemvura inofukidza zvakaenzana uye inonyorovesa pamusoro pemagranules kuti igadzire layer yeasphalt bonding layer, uye zvinhu zvese zvinobatanidzwa kuti zvigadzire purasitiki yakafanana. Inobatsira pakuumba;
Zvikamu zvitatu zvetara yemarasha zvinopinda munzvimbo yemukati mechinhu chine kabhoni, zvichiwedzera huwandu uye kubatana kwepasta.
Kuumba: Kuumba zvinhu zvekabhoni zvinoreva maitiro ekudzura ganda rakakanyiwa nepurasitiki pasi pesimba rekunze rinoshandiswa nemidziyo yekuumba kuti pave nemuviri wegirini (kana chigadzirwa chisina kubikwa) chine chimiro, saizi, huremu uye simba.
Mhando dzekuumba, michina uye zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa:
Nzira yekuumba
Midziyo yakajairika
zvigadzirwa zvikuru
Kuumba
Muchina we hydraulic wakamira
Kabhoni yemagetsi, girafiti yechimiro chakanaka chegiredhi rakaderera
Dzvinya
Chinobuda chehydraulic chakarara
Screw extruder
Electrode yeGraphite, electrode yemativi mana
Kuumbwa kwekudengenyeka
Muchina wekuumba vibration
Chidhinha chekabhoni chealuminium, chidhinha chekabhoni chekuputika
Kudzvanya kweIsostatic
Muchina wekuumba weIsostatic
Isotropic graphite, anisotropic graphite
Kushanda kwekudzvanya
Chinhu chimwe chete chinotonhorera: zvinhu zvinotonhodza madhisiki, zvinhu zvinotonhodza zvesilinda, zvinhu zvinosanganisa nekukanya zvinotonhodza, nezvimwewo.
Bvisa zvinopisa, deredza tembiricha yakakodzera (90-120 ° C) kuti uwedzere kunamira, kuitira kuti kuvharika kwepaste kuve kwakafanana kwemaminitsi makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu.
2 Kurodha: press lift baffle —– kucheka kaviri kana katatu—-4-10MPa compaction
3 pre-pressure: kumanikidzwa 20-25MPa, nguva 3-5min, uku uchipukuta
4 extrusion: dzvanya pasi baffle —5-15MPa extrusion — cheka — mu sinki inotonhodza
Magadzirirwo ehunyanzvi e extrusion: chiyero chekumanikidzwa, tembiricha yekamuri rekudzvanya uye muromo wemuromo, tembiricha yekutonhodza, nguva yekumanikidzwa kwekutanga, kumanikidzwa kwe extrusion, kumhanya kwe extrusion, tembiricha yemvura inotonhodza
Kuongororwa kwemuviri wegirini: kuwanda kwehuwandu, kutaridzika kwechitarisiko, kuongorora
Kunyungudutsa: Inzira iyo ganda regirini rechinhu chekabhoni rinozadzwa muchoto chekupisa chakagadzirwa zvakanaka pasi pechidziviriro chefiller kuti riite kurapwa kwekupisa kwakanyanya kuti ganda remarasha rinyunguduke mumuviri wegirini. Bitumen coke inoumbwa mushure mekunyungudutsa carbon bitumen inosimbisa carbon aggregate neupfu hwehupfu pamwe chete, uye calcined carbon product ine simba guru remakanika, ine simba shoma rekudzivirira magetsi, ine simba rakanaka rekupisa uye ine kugadzikana kwemakemikari.
Kugadzira calcination ndeimwe yenzira huru mukugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekabhoni, uye zvakare chikamu chakakosha chemaitiro matatu makuru ekurapa kupisa ekugadzirwa kwe graphite electrode. Kugadzirwa kwe calcination kwenguva refu (mazuva 22-30 ekubika, mazuva 5-20 ezvitofu zvekubika zviviri), uye kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda. Hunhu hwekugocha girini hunokanganisa mhando yechigadzirwa chapera uye mutengo wekugadzira.
Nzvimbo yemarasha yegirini iri muchimiro chegirini inobikwa panguva yekugocha, uye inenge 10% yezvinhu zvinoputika zvinoburitswa, uye huwandu hunogadzirwa ne 2-3% shrinkage, uye kurasikirwa kwehukuru kuri 8-10%. Hunhu hwemuviri uye hwemakemikari hwekabhoni billet hwakachinjawo zvakanyanya. Kuyerera kwakaderera kubva pa1.70 g/cm3 kusvika pa1.60 g/cm3 uye resistivity yakaderera kubva pa10000 μΩ·m kusvika pa40-50 μΩ·m nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekufema. Simba remuchina rekabhoni billet raivewo rakakura. Kuti zvivandudzwe.
Kubika kwechipiri inzira iyo chigadzirwa chakakanyiwa ne calcium chinonyikwa uye chobva chanyikwa ne calcium kuti carbon dioxide inyudzwe mumaburi echinhu chakakanyiwa ne calcium. Ma electrode anoda huwandu hwakawanda hwe bulk density (marudzi ese kunze kwe RP) uye ma joint blanks anofanirwa kubikwa kaviri, uye ma joint blanks anonyikwawo katatu-dip mana-bake kana maviri-dip matatu-bake.
Rudzi rukuru rwechoto chemoto:
Kushanda nguva dzose—-choto chine mhete (chine chifukidziro, chisina chifukidziro), chitofu chemugero
Kushanda kwepakati nepakati—-kudzosera chitofu, chitofu chepasi pevhu, chitofu chebhokisi
Kukombama kweCalcination uye tembiricha yepamusoro:
Kugocha kamwe chete—-320, 360, 422, maawa 480, 1250 °C
Kugocha kwechipiri—-125, 240, maawa 280, 700-800 °C
Kuongororwa kwezvigadzirwa zvakabikwa: kupenya kwechitarisiko, kusimba kwemagetsi, kuwanda kwehuwandu, simba rekumanikidza, kuongorora chimiro chemukati
Kuisa carbon mumudziyo wekumanikidza uye mvura inoisa carbon mugomba remagetsi inonyudzwa mumaburi eelectrode yechigadzirwa pasi pemamiriro ekupisa uye kumanikidzwa. Chinangwa ndechekuderedza kuzara kwechigadzirwa, kuwedzera huwandu hwezvinhu uye simba remuchina wechigadzirwa, uye kuvandudza kufambiswa kwemagetsi nekupisa kwechigadzirwa.
Maitiro ekuisa mvura mudumbu pamwe nematanho ehunyanzvi anoenderana nawo ndeaya: kugocha billet – kuchenesa pamusoro – kupisa (260-380 °C, maawa 6-10) – kurodha tangi rekuisa mvura mudumbu – kupukuta (8-9KPa, 40-50min) – Kubaya bitumen (180-200 °C) – Kudzvanywa (1.2-1.5 MPa, maawa 3-4) – Kudzosa kuasphalt – Kutonhodza (mukati kana kunze kwetangi)
Kuongororwa kwezvigadzirwa zvakaiswa mudumbu: kuwedzera uremu G=(W2-W1)/W1×100%
Kuwedzerwa kwehuremu kamwe chete pakunyudzwa ≥14%
Chigadzirwa chechipiri chakaiswa mumushonga chinowedzerwa uremu ≥ 9%
Zvigadzirwa zvekunyudza zvitatu zvinowedzera uremu ≥ 5%
Kugadziriswa kwegirafiti zvinoreva nzira yekurapa kupisa kwakanyanya apo chigadzirwa chekabhoni chinopiswa kusvika patembiricha ye2300 ° C kana kupfuura munzvimbo inodzivirira muchoto chemagetsi chinopisa zvakanyanya kuti chishandure chimiro chekabhoni chisina chimiro chakaita segirafiti kuita chimiro chekristaro chegirafiti chine mativi matatu.
Chinangwa uye mhedzisiro ye graphitization:
1 kunatsiridza kufambiswa kwemhepo nekupisa kwezvinhu zvekabhoni (resistivity inoderedzwa ne4-5 times, uye kufambiswa kwemhepo kunowedzerwa nekanenge kagumi);
2 kunatsiridza kusimba kwekupisa uye kugadzikana kwemakemikari kwezvinhu zvekabhoni (kuwedzerwa kwemutsara kwakaderedzwa ne50-80%);
3 kugadzira mafuta emuchadenga uye kuramba kukwesha zvinhu zvekabhoni;
4 Tsvina inobuda mumhepo, wedzera kuchena kwechinhu chinobva mucarbon (huwandu hwedota riri muchigadzirwa hunoderedzwa kubva pa0.5-0.8% kusvika pa0.3%).
Kuzadzikiswa kwemaitiro ekugadzira graphitization:
Kugadziriswa kwekabhoni kunoitwa pakupisa kwakanyanya kwe2300-3000 °C, saka kunogona kungoonekwa chete nekupisa kwemagetsi muindasitiri, kureva kuti, magetsi anopinda zvakananga nepakati pechinhu chakapiswa chakapiswa, uye chigadzirwa chakapiswa chakaiswa muchoto chinogadzirwa nemagetsi pakupisa kwakanyanya. Kondakita zvakare chinhu chinopiswa kusvika pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Mafurnace ari kushandiswa zvakanyanya pari zvino anosanganisira mafurnace eAcheson graphitization uye mafurnace emukati mekupisa (LWG). Ekutanga ane simba guru rekubudisa, musiyano mukuru wekupisa, uye simba rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Ekupedzisira ane nguva pfupi yekupisa, simba rinoshandiswa shoma, simba remagetsi rakafanana, uye haana kukodzera kuiswa.
Kudzora maitiro ekugadzira graphitization kunodzorwa nekuyera curve yemagetsi yakakodzera mamiriro ekuwedzera kwekupisa. Nguva yekupa simba i50-80 maawa eAcheson furnace uye 9-15 maawa eLWG furnace.
Simba rinoshandiswa pakugadzira graphitization rakakura kwazvo, kazhinji 3200-4800KWh, uye mutengo wekuita process unoita 20-35% yemari yese yekugadzira.
Kuongororwa kwezvigadzirwa zvakagadziriswa: kutaridzika kwekupenya, bvunzo yekudzivirira
Kugadzira Machining: Chinangwa chekugadzira michina yezvinhu zve carbon graphite ndechekuwana saizi, chimiro, kunyatsorongeka, nezvimwewo zvinodiwa nekucheka kuti pave nemuviri we electrode nemajoini zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa pakushandisa.
Kugadziriswa kwema electrode egrafiti kwakakamurwa kuita maitiro maviri akazvimiririra ekugadzirisa: muviri wema electrode uye majoini.
Kugadziriswa kwemuviri kunosanganisira matanho matatu echiso chakati sandara chinofinha uye chisina kunaka, denderedzwa rekunze nechiso chakati sandara uye shinda yekugaya. Kugadziriswa kwejoini rekona kunogona kukamurwa kuita maitiro matanhatu: kucheka, chiso chakati sandara, chiso chekoni yemotokari, shinda yekugaya, bhoti rekuboorera Uye kupinza.
Kubatana kwemajoini eelectrode: kubatana kwemajoini econical (mabhoni matatu nebhoni rimwe), kubatana kwemajoini ecylindrical, kubatana kwemabump (kubatana kwemurume nemukadzi)
Kudzora kurongeka kwemuchina: kutsauka kweshinda, kupidigura shinda, kutsauka kwejoini (gomba) dhayamita huru, kuenderana kwegomba rejoini, kusimuka kwegomba rejoini, kutsamira kwemeso eelectrode, kutsamira kwejoini nepfungwa ina. Tarisa uchishandisa magauge ering uye magauge eplate.
Kuongororwa kwemaerekitironi apera: kurongeka, huremu, kureba, dhayamita, kuwanda kwehuwandu, kusimba, kushivirira usati waungana, nezvimwewo.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-31-2019