ʻO ka pākahiko lithium kahi ʻano pākahiko e hoʻohana ana i ka metala lithium a i ʻole ka lithium alloy ma ke ʻano he mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole a me kahi hopena electrolyte nonaqueous. Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pākahiko Lithium i nā huahana kikohoʻe ma ke kahua kuʻuna, a hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke kahua o nā pākahiko mana a me ka mālama ikehu ma nā kahua e kū mai ana.
He nui nā kumuwaiwai lithium ma Kina a me kahi kaulahao ʻoihana pākahiko lithium piha, a me kahi waihona nui o nā talena, e hoʻolilo ana iā Kina i wahi hoihoi loa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pākahiko lithium a me nā ʻoihana mea, a ua lilo ia i lithium nui loa o ka honua. ʻO ka mea pākahiko a me ke kumu hana pākahiko. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kaulahao ʻoihana pākahiko lithium e komo pū ana me ka cobalt, manganese, nickel ore, lithium ore, a me ka graphite ore. I loko o ke kaulahao ʻoihana hana pākahiko lithium, ʻo ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka pūʻolo pākahiko ka ʻiwi pākahiko. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o ke kumu pākahiko, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka harness wiring a me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni PVC e hana i kahi modula pākahiko, a laila hoʻohui ʻia ka mea hoʻohui harness uea a me ka papa kaapuni BMS e hana i kahi huahana pākahiko mana.
Ka nānā ʻana o luna o ke kaulahao ʻoihana
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka pākahiko lithium ka hana ʻeli ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai maka, ʻo ia hoʻi nā kumuwaiwai lithium, nā kumuwaiwai cobalt a me ka graphite. ʻEkolu mau mea maka e hoʻohana ʻia ana e nā kaʻa uila: lithium carbonate, cobalt a me ka graphite. Ua maopopo he waiwai nui nā waihona kumuwaiwai lithium honua, a i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i ʻimi ʻia a hoʻomohala ʻia he 60% o nā kumuwaiwai lithium, akā ua paʻa pono ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā mines lithium, ua hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma ka ʻāina "lithium triangle" o ʻAmelika Hema, Australia a me Kina.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ka nui o nā waihona ʻeli honua ma kahi o 7 miliona tone, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana. ʻO nā waihona o Kongo (DRC), ʻAukekulelia a me Kuba he 70% o nā waihona honua, ʻoiai hoʻi nā waihona o Kongo he 3.4 miliona tone, e helu ana ma mua o 50% o ka honua.
Ka loiloi waena o ka ʻoihana pākahi lithium
ʻO ka waena o ke kaulahao ʻoihana pākahi lithium e pili ana i nā mea like ʻole a me nā mea maikaʻi ʻole, a me nā electrolytes, nā ʻaoʻao, nā diaphragms a me nā pila.
I waena o lākou, ʻo ka electrolyte pākahiko lithium kahi mea lawe no ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā ion lithium i loko o kahi pākahiko lithium ion, a he kuleana koʻikoʻi ia i ka hana a me ka palekana o ka pākahiko lithium. ʻO ke kumumanaʻo hana o ka pākahiko lithium-ion kekahi kaʻina hana o ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ion lithium ma waena o nā electrodes maikaʻi a me nā electrodes maikaʻi ʻole, a ʻo ka electrolyte ke kikowaena no ke kahe ʻana o ka ion lithium. ʻO ka hana nui o ka diaphragm, ʻo ia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā electrodes maikaʻi a me nā electrodes maikaʻi ʻole o ka pākahiko, pale i nā pou ʻelua mai ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka pōkole, a loaʻa pū kekahi hana o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā ion electrolyte.
Ka nānā ʻana i lalo o ke kaulahao ʻoihana pākahi lithium
I ka makahiki 2018, ua piʻi ka hana o ka mākeke pākahiko lithium-ion o Kina ma 26.71% i kēlā me kēia makahiki i 102.00GWh. ʻO 54.03% ka hana honua o Kina, a ua lilo ia i mea hana pākahiko lithium-ion nui loa o ka honua. ʻO nā ʻoihana ʻelele o nā pākahiko lithium: Ningde era, BYD, Waterma, Guoxuan Hi-Tech a pēlā aku.
Mai ka mākeke noi iho o nā pila lithium-ion ma Kina, ua hoʻokele ʻia ka pila mana i ka makahiki 2018 e ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana kaʻa ikehu hou. Ua piʻi ka hana ma 46.07% makahiki-ma-makahiki i 65GWh, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana nui loa; ʻo ka mākeke pila kikohoʻe 3C i ka makahiki 2018 Ua paʻa ka ulu ʻana, a ua emi ka hana ma 2.15% makahiki-ma-makahiki i 31.8GWh, a ua emi ka nui o ka ulu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kahua pila kikohoʻe kiʻekiʻe i hōʻike ʻia e nā pila maʻalahi, nā pila kikohoʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻeke palupalu kikohoʻe kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i nā mea hiki ke komo, nā drones, a me ka naʻauao kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻokele ʻia e nā ʻāpana mākeke e like me nā kelepona paʻalima, ua lilo ia i ʻāpana ulu kiʻekiʻe o ka mākeke pila kikohoʻe 3C; i ka makahiki 2018, ua piʻi iki nā pila lithium-ion mālama ikehu o Kina ma 48.57% i 5.2GWh.
Pākahiko Mana
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ulu wikiwiki ka pila lithium-ion mana o Kina, ʻo ke kumu nui o ke kākoʻo ikaika o nā kulekele aupuni no ka ʻoihana kaʻa ikehu hou. I ka makahiki 2018, ua piʻi ka hana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou o Kina ma 50.62% i kēlā me kēia makahiki i 1.22 miliona mau ʻāpana, a ʻo ka hana he 14.66 mau manawa ma mua o 2014. Ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mākeke kaʻa ikehu hou, ua mālama ka mākeke pila mana o Kina i ka ulu wikiwiki i ka makahiki 2017-2018. Wahi a nā helu noiʻi, ua piʻi ka hana o ka mākeke pila mana o Kina i ka makahiki 2018 ma 46.07% i kēlā me kēia makahiki i 65GWh.
Me ka hoʻokō kūhelu ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana helu kaʻa ikehu hou, e hoʻonui nā ʻoihana kaʻa wahie kuʻuna i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, a e kūkulu pū nā ʻoihana haole e like me Volkswagen lāua ʻo Daimler i nā kaʻa ikehu hou ma Kina. E mālama ʻia ke koi no ka mākeke pākahiko mana o Kina. Ma ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano o ka ulu wikiwiki, ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki aku ka CAGR o ka hana pākahiko mana i 56.32% i nā makahiki ʻelua e hiki mai ana, a e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana pākahiko mana ma mua o 158.8GWh ma ka makahiki 2020.
Ua mālama ka mākeke pākahiko lithium-ion o Kina i ka ulu wikiwiki, i hoʻokele nui ʻia e ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka mākeke pākahiko mana. I ka makahiki 2018, ʻo nā ʻoihana ʻelima kiʻekiʻe ma ka mākeke pākahiko mana o Kina i helu no 71.60% o ka waiwai o ka hoʻopuka, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka mākeke.
ʻO ka pākahiko mana e hiki mai ana ka ʻenekini ulu nui loa ma ke kahua o nā pākahiko lithium-ion. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia kona ʻano i ka nui o ka ikehu a me ka palekana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā pākahiko mana a me nā pākahiko lithium-ion kikohoʻe kiʻekiʻe e lilo i mau wahi ulu nui ma ka mākeke pākahiko lithium-ion, a ʻo nā pākahiko lithium i loko o 6μm. ʻO ka pepa keleawe kekahi o nā mea maka nui no nā pākahiko lithium-ion a e lilo ia i kikowaena o nā ʻoihana nui.
Pākaukau 3C
I ka makahiki 2018, ua hāʻule ka hana ʻana o nā pila uila kikohoʻe o Kina ma 2.15% i kēlā me kēia makahiki i 31.8GWh. Manaʻo ʻo GGII e piʻi aʻe ka CAGR o ka pākaukau uila i 7.87% i nā makahiki ʻelua e hiki mai ana. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki aku ka hana ʻana o nā pila uila kikohoʻe o Kina i 34GWh i ka makahiki 2019. I ka makahiki 2020, e hiki aku ka hana ʻana o nā pila uila kikohoʻe o Kina i 37GWh, a e hoʻokele ʻia nā pila uila palupalu kikohoʻe kiʻekiʻe, nā pila palupalu, nā pila wikiwiki, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e nā kelepona akamai kiʻekiʻe, nā mea hiki ke komo, nā drones, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e lilo i mea ulu nui o ka mākeke pila uila.
Pākahiko mālama ikehu
ʻOiai he nui ka mākeke o ke kahua pākahiko lithium-ion mālama ikehu o Kina, ua kaupalena ʻia ia e ke kumukūʻai a me ka ʻenehana, a aia nō i ka wā hoʻolauna mākeke. I ka makahiki 2018, ua piʻi ka hana o nā pākahiko lithium-ion mālama ikehu o Kina ma 48.57% i kēlā me kēia makahiki i 5.2GWh. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki aku ka hana o nā pākahiko lithium-ion mālama ikehu o Kina i 6.8GWh i ka makahiki 2019.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-20-2019