Ibhethri le-lithium uhlobo lwebhethri olusebenzisa insimbi ye-lithium noma i-lithium alloy njengento engeyona i-electrode kanye nesisombululo se-electrolyte esingenamanzi. Amabhethri e-lithium asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yedijithali emkhakheni wendabuko, futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wamabhethri kagesi kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla emikhakheni ekhulayo.
I-China inezinsiza eziningi ze-lithium kanye nochungechunge oluphelele lwemboni yamabhethri e-lithium, kanye nesisekelo esikhulu samakhono, okwenza i-China ibe yisifunda esikhanga kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhethri e-lithium kanye nemboni yezinto zokwakha, futhi isibe yi-lithium enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Izinto zebhethri kanye nesisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwamabhethri. Ingxenye ephezulu yochungechunge lwemboni yamabhethri e-lithium ifaka i-cobalt, i-manganese, i-nickel ore, i-lithium ore, kanye ne-graphite ore. Echungechungeni lwemboni yokukhiqiza amabhethri e-lithium, ingxenye eyinhloko yephakethe lebhethri iyingqikithi yebhethri. Ngemva kokuba ingxenye eyinhloko yebhethri ipakishwe, i-wiring harness kanye nefilimu ye-PVC kuyahlanganiswa ukuze kwakhiwe imoduli yebhethri, bese kufakwa isixhumi se-wire harness kanye nebhodi lesifunda le-BMS ukuze kwakhiwe umkhiqizo webhethri lamandla.
Ukuhlaziywa okuphezulu kochungechunge lwezimboni
Ingxenye ephezulu yebhethri le-lithium ukumbiwa nokucubungula izinsizakusebenza zezinto zokusetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi izinsizakusebenza ze-lithium, izinsizakusebenza ze-cobalt kanye ne-graphite. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintathu zokusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi: i-lithium carbonate, i-cobalt kanye ne-graphite. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi izinqolobane zezinsizakusebenza ze-lithium zomhlaba wonke zicebile kakhulu, futhi okwamanje ama-60% ezinsizakusebenza ze-lithium awakahlolwa futhi athuthukiswe, kodwa ukusatshalaliswa kwezimayini ze-lithium kugxile kakhulu, kusakazwa kakhulu esifundeni "se-lithium triangle" eNingizimu Melika, e-Australia naseShayina.
Njengamanje, izindawo zokugcina ukumba emhlabeni wonke zingamathani ayizigidi eziyi-7, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kugxile kakhulu. Izindawo zokugcina zaseCongo (DRC), e-Australia naseCuba zingu-70% wezindawo zokugcina emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi izindawo zokugcina zaseCongo ezingamathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.4, ezibiza ngaphezu kuka-50% womhlaba.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Midstream kwemboni yebhethri le-lithium
Isikhungo semboni yebhethri le-lithium sihilela kakhulu izinto ezahlukahlukene ezinhle nezimbi, kanye nama-electrolyte, amathebhu, ama-diaphragm namabhethri.
Phakathi kwazo, i-electrolyte yebhethri le-lithium iyisithwali sokushayela ama-ion e-lithium ebhethrini le-ion le-lithium, futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni nasekuphepheni kwebhethri le-lithium. Umgomo wokusebenza webhethri le-lithium-ion futhi inqubo yokushaja nokukhipha, okungukuthi, i-ion ye-lithium ivalwa phakathi kwama-electrode amahle nangalungile, kanti i-electrolyte iyindlela yokugeleza kwe-ion ye-lithium. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-diaphragm ukuhlukanisa ama-electrode amahle nangalungile ebhethri, ukuvimbela izigxobo ezimbili ukuthi zingaxhumani kanye ne-short-circuit, kanye nomsebenzi wokudlulisa ama-ion e-electrolyte.
Ukuhlaziywa okuphansi kochungechunge lwemboni yebhethri le-lithium
Ngo-2018, umkhiqizo wemakethe yebhethri le-lithium-ion yaseShayina wanda ngo-26.71% unyaka nonyaka wafinyelela ku-102.00GWh. Ukukhiqizwa kweShayina emhlabeni wonke kwaba ngu-54.03%, futhi sekuwumkhiqizi omkhulu wamabhethri e-lithium-ion emhlabeni. Izinkampani ezimele amabhethri e-lithium yilezi: i-Ningde era, i-BYD, i-Waterma, i-Guoxuan Hi-Tech njalo njalo.
Kusukela emakethe yokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion engezansi eShayina, ibhethri lamandla ngo-2018 laqhutshwa yintuthuko esheshayo yemboni yezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Umkhiqizo wanda ngo-46.07% unyaka nonyaka wafinyelela ku-65GWh, okwaba yingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke; imakethe yamabhethri edijithali e-3C ngo-2018 Ukukhula kwakuzinzile, futhi umkhiqizo wehla ngo-2.15% unyaka nonyaka wafinyelela ku-31.8GWh, futhi izinga lokukhula lehla. Kodwa-ke, insimu yamabhethri edijithali ephezulu emelelwe amabhethri aguquguqukayo, amabhethri edijithali aphezulu kanye namaphakethe athambile edijithali aphezulu ingaphansi kwamadivayisi agqokwayo, ama-drone, kanye nobuhlakani obuphezulu. Iqhutshwa yizigaba zemakethe ezifana namaselula, isibe yingxenye yokukhula okuphezulu kwemakethe yamabhethri edijithali e-3C; ngo-2018, amabhethri e-lithium-ion okugcina amandla aseShayina anda kancane ngo-48.57% wafinyelela ku-5.2GWh.
Ibhethri Lamandla
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ibhethri le-lithium-ion lamandla laseShayina lithuthuke ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusekelwa okunamandla kwezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke embonini yezimoto zamandla amasha. Ngo-2018, umkhiqizo wezimoto zamandla ezintsha zaseShayina wanda ngo-50.62% unyaka nonyaka wafinyelela kumayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-1.22, kanti umkhiqizo wawuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-14.66 kunowango-2014. Iqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yezimoto zamandla amasha, imakethe yebhethri lamandla laseShayina yaqhubeka nokukhula ngokushesha ngo-2017-2018. Ngokwezibalo zocwaningo, umkhiqizo wemakethe yebhethri lamandla laseShayina ngo-2018 wanda ngo-46.07% unyaka nonyaka wafinyelela ku-65GWh.
Ngokuqaliswa okusemthethweni kohlelo olusha lwamaphuzu ezimoto zamandla, izinkampani zezimoto zikaphethiloli zendabuko zizokwandisa ukwakheka kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla, kanti izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezifana neVolkswagen neDaimler zizokwakha ndawonye izimoto ezintsha zamandla eShayina. Isidingo semakethe yamabhethri kagesi aseShayina sizoba Ukugcina umkhuba wokukhula okusheshayo, kulindeleke ukuthi i-CAGR yokukhiqizwa kwamabhethri kagesi ifinyelele ku-56.32% eminyakeni emibili ezayo, futhi umkhiqizo wamabhethri kagesi uzodlula i-158.8GWh ngo-2020.
Imakethe yamabhethri e-lithium-ion yaseShayina iqhubeke nokukhula okusheshayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokukhula okusheshayo kwemakethe yamabhethri kagesi. Ngo-2018, amabhizinisi amahlanu aphezulu emakethe yamabhethri kagesi yaseShayina abalelwa ku-71.60% wenani lokukhipha, futhi ukuhlushwa kwemakethe kwathuthukiswa kakhulu.
Ibhethri lamandla lesikhathi esizayo liyinjini yokukhula enkulu kunazo zonke emkhakheni wamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Ukuthambekela kwalo ekubuthweni kwamandla aphezulu kanye nokuphepha okuphezulu sekunqunyiwe. Amabhethri kagesi kanye namabhethri e-lithium-ion edijithali aphezulu azoba amaphuzu okukhula ayinhloko emakethe yamabhethri e-lithium-ion, kanye namabhethri e-lithium angaphakathi kuka-6μm. I-foil yethusi izoba enye yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile zamabhethri e-lithium-ion futhi izoba yindawo egxile kuyo amabhizinisi amakhulu.
Ibhethri le-3C
Ngo-2018, ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri edijithali eShayina kwehle ngo-2.15% unyaka nonyaka kwaya ku-31.8GWh. I-GGII ilindele ukuthi i-CAGR yamabhethri edijithali izoba ngu-7.87% eminyakeni emibili ezayo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri edijithali eShayina kuzofinyelela ku-34GWh ngo-2019. Ngo-2020, ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri edijithali eShayina kuzofinyelela ku-37GWh, kanti amabhethri e-soft pack edijithali aphezulu, amabhethri aguquguqukayo, amabhethri anezinga eliphezulu, njll. azoqhutshwa amafoni ahlakaniphile aphezulu, amadivayisi agqokwayo, ama-drone, njll., okuba ukukhula okuyinhloko kwemakethe yamabhethri edijithali.
Ibhethri lokugcina amandla
Nakuba insimu yebhethri le-lithium-ion lokugcina amandla laseShayina inendawo enkulu emakethe, isanqunyelwe yizindleko nobuchwepheshe, futhi isesesikhathini sokwethulwa kwemakethe. Ngo-2018, umkhiqizo wamabhethri e-lithium-ion okugcina amandla aseShayina wanda ngo-48.57% unyaka nonyaka wafinyelela ku-5.2GWh. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi umkhiqizo wamabhethri e-lithium-ion okugcina amandla aseShayina uzofinyelela ku-6.8GWh ngo-2019.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-20-2019