Bateri ya lithium ni ubwoko bwa bateri ikoresha icyuma cya lithium cyangwa alloy ya lithium nk'ibikoresho bya electrode mbi hamwe n'umuti wa electrolyte udakoresha amazi. Bateri za lithium zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bicuruzwa bya digitale mu rwego rusanzwe, kandi zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu rwego rwa bateri z'amashanyarazi no kubika ingufu mu nzego zikiri kuzamuka.
Ubushinwa bufite umutungo mwinshi wa lithiyumu n'uruhererekane rwuzuye rw'inganda za bateri za lithiyumu, ndetse n'ishingiro rikomeye ry'impano, bituma Ubushinwa buba agace gakurura cyane mu iterambere ry'inganda za bateri za lithiyumu n'ibikoresho, kandi bwabaye urwego runini ku isi mu gukora lithiyumu. Ibikoresho bya bateri n'ishingiro ry'ikorwa rya bateri. Imbere mu ruhererekane rw'inganda za bateri za lithiyumu harimo cobalt, manganese, nickel ore, lithiyumu ore, na grafiti ore. Mu ruhererekane rw'inganda zikora bateri za lithiyumu, igice cy'ingenzi cya bateri ni igice cy'ingenzi cya bateri. Nyuma y'uko igice cy'ingenzi cya bateri gipakiye, insinga z'amashanyarazi na firime ya PVC bihuzwa kugira ngo bikore module ya bateri, hanyuma icyuma gihuza insinga n'ikibaho cya BMS byongerwaho kugira ngo bikore umusaruro wa bateri y'amashanyarazi.
Isesengura ry’uruhererekane rw’inganda rigezweho
Igice cyo hejuru cya bateri ya lithium ni ugucukura no gutunganya umutungo kamere w’ibikoresho, cyane cyane umutungo kamere wa lithium, umutungo kamere wa cobalt na grafiti. Ibinyabiziga bikoresha ibikoresho bitatu by’amashanyarazi: lithium karubone, cobalt na grafiti. Birumvikana ko ububiko bw’umutungo kamere wa lithium ku isi burimo byinshi cyane, kandi ubu 60% by’umutungo kamere wa lithium ntibirasuzumwa kandi ntibirakorwa, ariko ikwirakwizwa ry’ibirombe bya lithium ririmo ubwinshi, ahanini rikwirakwizwa mu gace ka “lithium triangle” muri Amerika y’Epfo, Ositaraliya n’Ubushinwa.
Kugeza ubu, ububiko bw'amabuye y'agaciro ku isi bungana na toni miliyoni 7, kandi ikwirakwizwa ryimbitse. Ububiko bwa Kongo (RDC), Ositaraliya na Cuba bungana na 70% by'ububiko bw'amabuye y'agaciro ku isi, cyane cyane ububiko bwa Kongo bungana na toni miliyoni 3.4, bungana na arenga 50% by'isi.
Isesengura ry'urwego rw'inganda za bateri za lithiamu
Hagati mu ruhererekane rw'inganda za bateri za lithiamu hifashishijwe ahanini ibikoresho bitandukanye byiza n'ibibi, hamwe na electrolytes, tabs, diaphragms na bateri.
Muri byo, electrolyte ya bateri ya lithium ni igikoresho gitwara iyoni za lithium muri bateri ya lithium ion, kandi kigira uruhare runini mu mikorere n'umutekano wa bateri ya lithium. Ihame ry'imikorere ya bateri ya lithium-ion ni no mu nzira yo gusharija no gusohora, ni ukuvuga ko iyoni ya lithium ihuzwa hagati ya electrodi nziza na mbi, kandi electrolyte ni uburyo bwo gutembera kwa iyoni ya lithium. Inshingano nyamukuru ya diaphragm ni ugutandukanya electrodi nziza na mbi za bateri, gukumira inkingi ebyiri gukorana na short-circuit, ndetse no kugira akazi ko guca iyoni za electrolit.
Isesengura ry’uruhererekane rw’inganda za bateri za lithiamu
Mu 2018, umusaruro w’isoko rya bateri ya lithium-ion mu Bushinwa wiyongereyeho 26.71% ugereranyije n’umwaka ugera kuri 102.00GWh. Umusaruro w’Ubushinwa ku isi wabaye 54.03%, kandi wabaye uruganda runini ku isi rukora bateri ya lithium-ion. Ibigo bihagarariye bateri ya lithium ni: Ningde era, BYD, Waterma, Guoxuan Hi-Tech n’ibindi.
Kuva ku isoko ryo hasi ry’ikoreshwa rya bateri za lithiamu-ion mu Bushinwa, bateri y’ingufu mu 2018 yatewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda nshya z’ingufu. Umusaruro wiyongereyeho 46.07% ugereranyije n’umwaka ugera kuri 65GWh, ikaba ari yo yabaye igice kinini; isoko rya bateri za dijitali za 3C mu 2018 Izamuka ryari rihamye, kandi umusaruro wagabanutseho 2.15% ugera kuri 31.8GWh, kandi igipimo cy’iterambere cyaragabanutse. Ariko, isoko rya bateri za dijitali zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zihagarariwe na bateri zoroshye, bateri za dijitali zo mu rwego rwo hejuru n’udupaki tw’ibikoresho byoroshye byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bya digitale bikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo kwambara, indege zitagira abapilote, n’ubwenge bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Bitewe n’ibice by’isoko nka telefoni zigendanwa, byabaye igice cy’iterambere ry’isoko rya bateri za dijitali za 3C; muri 2018, bateri za lithiamu-ion zo mu Bushinwa zo kubika ingufu ziyongereyeho gato 48.57% ugera kuri 5.2GWh.
Bateri y'amashanyarazi
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bateri ya lithium-ion y'ingufu z'Ubushinwa yateye imbere cyane, ahanini bitewe n'inkunga ikomeye ya politiki z'igihugu ku nganda nshya z'imodoka zikoresha ingufu. Mu 2018, umusaruro w'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu z'Ubushinwa wiyongereyeho 50.62% ugereranyije n'umwaka ugera kuri miliyoni 1.22, kandi umusaruro wari inshuro 14.66 ugereranyije n'uwa 2014. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'isoko ry'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, isoko ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi ry'Ubushinwa ryakomeje kwiyongera cyane mu 2017-2018. Dukurikije imibare y'ubushakashatsi, umusaruro w'isoko ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi ry'Ubushinwa mu 2018 wiyongereyeho 46.07% ugereranyije n'umwaka ugera kuri 65GWh.
Hamwe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umugaragaro ry’uburyo bushya bwo gushyira ingufu mu binyabiziga bikoresha ingufu, amasosiyete asanzwe acuruza ibinyabiziga bikoresha lisansi azongera imiterere y’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, kandi amasosiyete y’amahanga nka Volkswagen na Daimler azafatanya kubaka imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu mu Bushinwa. Ubusabe bw’isoko ry’ingufu mu Bushinwa buzaba bukomeje kwiyongera cyane, biteganijwe ko CAGR y’umusaruro w’ingufu za bateri izagera kuri 56.32% mu myaka ibiri iri imbere, kandi umusaruro w’ingufu za bateri uzarenga 158.8GWh mu 2020.
Isoko rya bateri ya lithiamu-iyoni mu Bushinwa ryakomeje kwiyongera cyane, ahanini bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’isoko rya bateri zikoresha ingufu. Mu 2018, ibigo bitanu bya mbere ku isoko rya bateri zikoresha ingufu mu Bushinwa byari bifite 71.60% by’agaciro k’umusaruro, kandi ubwinshi bw’isoko bwarushijeho kwiyongera.
Bateri y'amashanyarazi y'ejo hazaza ni moteri nini cyane mu iterambere rya bateri za lithium-ion. Icyerekezo cyayo cyo kugera ku bucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi n'umutekano mwinshi cyaragaragaye. Bateri z'amashanyarazi na bateri za lithium-ion zigezweho zizaba ahantu hakomeye ho gukura ku isoko rya bateri za lithium-ion, na bateri za lithium muri metero 6. Ifu y'umuringa izaba imwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi bya bateri za lithium-ion kandi izaba icyibandwaho n'ibigo bikomeye.
Bateri ya 3C
Mu 2018, umusaruro wa bateri zikoreshwa mu bushinwa wagabanutseho 2.15% ugereranyije n'umwaka ugera kuri 31.8GWh. GGII yiteze ko CAGR ya bateri zikoreshwa mu bushinwa izaba 7.87% mu myaka ibiri iri imbere. Biteganyijwe ko umusaruro wa bateri zikoreshwa mu bushinwa uzagera kuri 34GWh mu 2019. Mu 2020, umusaruro wa bateri zikoreshwa mu bushinwa uzagera kuri 37GWh, naho bateri zikoreshwa mu bushinwa zo mu rwego rwo hejuru, bateri zoroshye, bateri zikoreshwa mu bushinwa, nibindi bizaterwa na telefoni zigezweho, ibikoresho byo kwambara, indege zitagira abapilote, nibindi, bikaba ari byo bizagira uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'isoko rya bateri zikoreshwa mu bushinwa.
Bateri yo kubika ingufu
Nubwo isoko rya bateri ya lithium-ion mu Bushinwa rifite umwanya munini, riracyari rito bitewe n'igiciro n'ikoranabuhanga, kandi riracyari mu gihe cyo gutangiza isoko. Mu 2018, umusaruro wa bateri ya lithium-ion mu Bushinwa wiyongereyeho 48.57% ugereranyije n'umwaka ugera kuri 5.2GWh. Biteganyijwe ko umusaruro wa bateri ya lithium-ion mu Bushinwa uzagera kuri 6.8GWh mu 2019.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 20 Nzeri 2019