Ibhetri ye-lithium luhlobo lwebhetri olusebenzisa isinyithi se-lithium okanye i-lithium alloy njengesixhobo se-electrode esingalunganga kunye nesisombululo se-electrolyte esingenamanzi. Iibhetri ze-lithium zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zedijithali kwicandelo lendabuko, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo leebhetri zamandla kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwiindawo ezikhulayo.
I-China inezixhobo ezininzi ze-lithium kunye nomxokelelwane wemveliso yebhetri ye-lithium epheleleyo, kunye nesiseko esikhulu seetalente, okwenza i-China ibe yindawo enomtsalane kakhulu kuphuhliso lweebhetri ze-lithium kunye neshishini lezinto, kwaye iye yaba yi-lithium enkulu kwihlabathi. Izixhobo zebhetri kunye nesiseko semveliso yebhetri. Umthombo ophezulu womxokelelwane wemveliso yebhetri ye-lithium uquka i-cobalt, i-manganese, i-nickel ore, i-lithium ore, kunye ne-graphite ore. Kwimxokelelwane yemveliso yebhetri ye-lithium, inxalenye ephambili yepakethi yebhetri yi-core yebhetri. Emva kokuba i-core yebhetri ipakishwe, i-wiring harness kunye nefilimu ye-PVC zidityaniswe ukwenza imodyuli yebhetri, kwaye emva koko isixhumi se-wire harness kunye nebhodi yesekethe ye-BMS zongezwa ukwenza imveliso yebhetri yamandla.
Uhlalutyo oluphezulu lwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso
Eyona nto iphambili kwibhetri ye-lithium kukumba nokucubungula izixhobo zezixhobo eziluhlaza, ikakhulu izixhobo ze-lithium, izixhobo ze-cobalt kunye ne-graphite. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintathu eziluhlaza kwizithuthi zombane: i-lithium carbonate, i-cobalt kunye ne-graphite. Kuyaqondakala ukuba iindawo zokugcina izixhobo ze-lithium zehlabathi zityebile kakhulu, kwaye okwangoku ama-60% ezixhobo ze-lithium awakahlolwa kwaye aphuhliswa, kodwa ukusasazwa kwemigodi ye-lithium kugxininiswe kakhulu, ikakhulu kusasazeka kummandla we-"lithium triangle" eMzantsi Melika, e-Australia naseTshayina.
Okwangoku, iindawo zokugcina amanzi emhlabeni jikelele zimalunga nezigidi ezisi-7 zeetoni, kwaye ukusasazwa kwazo kuqokelelene. Iindawo zokugcina amanzi zaseCongo (DRC), eOstreliya naseCuba zithatha i-70% yezinto zokugcina amanzi kwihlabathi liphela, ingakumbi iindawo zokugcina amanzi zaseCongo ezizizigidi ezi-3.4 zeetoni, ezithatha i-50% yehlabathi.
Uhlalutyo oluphakathi kwishishini lebhetri ye-lithium
Umbindi weshishini lebhetri ye-lithium ubandakanya ikakhulu izinto ezahlukeneyo ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, kunye nee-electrolytes, ii-tabs, ii-diaphragms kunye neebhetri.
Phakathi kwazo, i-electrolyte yebhetri ye-lithium sisithwali sokuqhuba ii-ion ze-lithium kwibhetri ye-ion ye-lithium, kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni nasekukhuselekeni kwebhetri ye-lithium. Umgaqo osebenzayo webhetri ye-lithium-ion ikwayinkqubo yokutshaja nokukhupha, oko kukuthi, i-ion ye-lithium ivalwa phakathi kwee-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, kwaye i-electrolyte yindlela yokuhamba kwe-ion ye-lithium. Umsebenzi ophambili we-diaphragm kukwahlula ii-electrode ezilungileyo nezingalunganga zebhetri, ukuthintela iipali ezimbini ukuba zingadibani kunye ne-short-circuit, kwaye ikwanomsebenzi wokudlulisa ii-ion ze-electrolyte.
Uhlalutyo oluya ezantsi lwekhonkco loshishino lwebhetri ye-lithium
Ngowama-2018, imveliso yemarike yebhetri ye-lithium-ion yaseTshayina inyuke ngama-26.71% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kwi-102.00GWh. Imveliso yeTshayina kwihlabathi liphela ibingama-54.03%, kwaye iye yaba ngumvelisi omkhulu webhetri ye-lithium-ion kwihlabathi. Iinkampani ezimele iibhetri zeLithium zezi: i-Ningde era, i-BYD, i-Waterma, i-Guoxuan Hi-Tech njalo njalo.
Ukusuka kwimarike yesicelo esisezantsi seebhetri ze-lithium-ion eTshayina, ibhetri yamandla ngo-2018 iqhutywe kuphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini elitsha leemoto zamandla. Imveliso inyuke nge-46.07% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kwi-65GWh, eyaba yinxalenye enkulu; imarike yebhetri yedijithali ye-3C ngo-2018 Ukukhula bekuzinzile, kwaye imveliso yehle nge-2.15% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kwi-31.8GWh, kwaye izinga lokukhula lehla. Nangona kunjalo, intsimi yebhetri yedijithali ephezulu emelwe ziibhetri eziguquguqukayo, iibhetri zedijithali eziphezulu kunye neepakethe ezithambileyo zedijithali eziphezulu zixhomekeke kwizixhobo ezinokunxitywa, iidrone, kunye nobukrelekrele obuphezulu. Iqhutywa ngamacandelo emarike afana neefowuni eziphathwayo, ibe yinxalenye yokukhula okuphezulu kwimarike yebhetri yedijithali ye-3C; ngo-2018, iibhetri ze-lithium-ion zokugcina amandla zaseTshayina zinyuke kancinci nge-48.57% ukuya kwi-5.2GWh.
Ibhetri yamandla
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yamandla yaseTshayina ikhule ngokukhawuleza, ikakhulu ngenxa yenkxaso enamandla yemigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe kwishishini leemoto ezintsha zamandla. Ngo-2018, imveliso yezithuthi ezintsha zamandla zaseTshayina inyuke ngama-50.62% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kwiiyunithi eziyi-1.22 yezigidi, kwaye imveliso yayiphindwe kayi-14.66 kuneyonyaka ka-2014. Iqhutywa kukuphuhliswa kwemarike yezithuthi ezintsha zamandla, imarike yebhetri yamandla yaseTshayina igcine ukukhula okukhawulezileyo ngo-2017-2018. Ngokwezibalo zophando, imveliso yemarike yebhetri yamandla yaseTshayina ngo-2018 inyuke ngama-46.07% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kuma-65GWh.
Ngokuphunyezwa ngokusesikweni kwenkqubo entsha yamanqaku ezithuthi zamandla, iinkampani zezithuthi zepetroli zemveli ziya kwandisa uyilo lwezithuthi zamandla ezintsha, kwaye iinkampani zangaphandle ezifana neVolkswagen kunye neDaimler ziya kwakha izithuthi zamandla ezintsha eTshayina kunye. Imfuno yemarike yebhetri yamandla yaseTshayina iya kuba kukugcina umkhwa wokukhula ngokukhawuleza, kulindeleke ukuba i-CAGR yemveliso yebhetri yamandla ifikelele kwi-56.32% kwiminyaka emibini ezayo, kwaye imveliso yebhetri yamandla iya kudlula kwi-158.8GWh ngo-2020.
Imarike yebhetri ye-lithium-ion yaseTshayina iqhubekile nokukhula ngokukhawuleza, ikakhulu iqhutywa kukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemarike yebhetri yamandla. Ngo-2018, amashishini amahlanu aphezulu kwimarike yebhetri yamandla yaseTshayina abambe i-71.60% yexabiso lemveliso, kwaye uxinzelelo lwemarike lwaphucuka ngakumbi.
Ibhetri yamandla yexesha elizayo yeyona injini inkulu yokukhula kwicandelo leebhetri ze-lithium-ion. Umkhwa wayo wokufikelela kubuninzi bamandla aphezulu kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu sele uchongiwe. Iibhetri zamandla kunye neebhetri ze-lithium-ion zedijithali eziphezulu ziya kuba ziindawo eziphambili zokukhula kwimarike yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion, kunye neebhetri ze-lithium ngaphakathi kwe-6μm. I-copper foil iya kuba yenye yezinto eziphambili ze-lithium-ion kwaye iya kuba yindawo ephambili yamashishini amakhulu.
Ibhetri ye-3C
Ngowama-2018, imveliso yeebhetri zedijithali zaseTshayina yehle nge-2.15% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kwi-31.8GWh. I-GGII ilindele ukuba i-CAGR yeebhetri zedijithali iya kuba yi-7.87% kwiminyaka emibini ezayo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba imveliso yeebhetri zedijithali zaseTshayina iya kufikelela kwi-34GWh ngo-2019. Ngowama-2020, imveliso yeebhetri zedijithali zaseTshayina iya kufikelela kwi-37GWh, kwaye iibhetri zedijithali ezithambileyo eziphezulu, iibhetri eziguquguqukayo, iibhetri ezikumgangatho ophezulu, njl. ziya kuqhutywa ziifowuni ezihlakaniphile eziphezulu, izixhobo ezinxitywayo, iidrone, njl.njl., eziba lolona hlulo luphambili lwemarike yeebhetri zedijithali.
Ibhetri yokugcina amandla
Nangona intsimi yebhetri ye-lithium-ion yokugcina amandla yaseTshayina inendawo enkulu yemarike, isathintelwe ziindleko kunye netekhnoloji, kwaye isekwixesha lokungeniswa kwemarike. Ngo-2018, imveliso yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion zokugcina amandla zaseTshayina inyuke nge-48.57% unyaka nonyaka ukuya kwi-5.2GWh. Kuqikelelwa ukuba imveliso yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion zokugcina amandla zaseTshayina iya kufikelela kwi-6.8GWh ngo-2019.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-20-2019