Batire ya lithiamu ndi mtundu wa batire yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha lithiamu kapena alloy ya lithiamu ngati chinthu chopanda ma electrode komanso yankho la electrolyte lopanda madzi. Mabatire a lithiamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zama digito m'munda wachikhalidwe, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'munda wa mabatire amagetsi ndi kusungira mphamvu m'minda yomwe ikukula.
China ili ndi zinthu zambiri za lithiamu komanso unyolo wathunthu wamakampani a batri a lithiamu, komanso maziko akuluakulu a luso, zomwe zimapangitsa China kukhala dera lokongola kwambiri pakukula kwa mabatri a lithiamu ndi mafakitale azinthu, ndipo yakhala likulu la lithiamu padziko lonse lapansi. Zipangizo za batri ndi maziko opanga mabatri. Kumtunda kwa unyolo wamakampani a batri a lithiamu kumaphatikizapo cobalt, manganese, nickel ore, lithium ore, ndi graphite ore. Mu unyolo wamakampani opanga mabatri a lithiamu, gawo lalikulu la paketi ya batri ndi maziko a batri. Pambuyo poti maziko a batri apakidwa, waya wolumikizira ndi filimu ya PVC zimaphatikizidwa kuti apange gawo la batri, kenako cholumikizira cha waya ndi bolodi la BMS zimawonjezedwa kuti zipange chinthu cha batri yamagetsi.
Kusanthula kwa unyolo wa mafakitale
Mbali yaikulu ya batire ya lithiamu ndi migodi ndi kukonza zinthu zopangira, makamaka zinthu za lithiamu, zinthu za cobalt ndi graphite. Magalimoto amagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zitatu zopangira: lithiamu carbonate, cobalt ndi graphite. Zikumveka kuti malo osungira zinthu za lithiamu padziko lonse lapansi ndi olemera kwambiri, ndipo pakadali pano 60% ya zinthu za lithiamu sizinafufuzidwe ndi kupangidwa, koma kufalikira kwa migodi ya lithiamu kuli kokulirapo, makamaka m'chigawo cha "lithium triangle" ku South America, Australia ndi China.
Pakadali pano, malo osungiramo zinthu padziko lonse lapansi ndi pafupifupi matani 7 miliyoni, ndipo kugawa kwake kuli kwakukulu. Malo osungiramo zinthu ku Congo (DRC), Australia ndi Cuba ndi 70% ya malo osungiramo zinthu padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka malo osungiramo zinthu ku Congo okwana matani 3.4 miliyoni, omwe ndi oposa 50% ya dziko lapansi.
Kusanthula kwapakati pamakampani a batri a lithiamu
Pakati pa unyolo wa makampani a batire ya lithiamu makamaka pamakhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana zabwino ndi zoipa, komanso ma electrolyte, ma tabu, ma diaphragm ndi mabatire.
Pakati pawo, electrolyte ya batire ya lithiamu ndi chonyamulira choyendetsa ma ayoni a lithiamu mu batire ya lithiamu ion, ndipo imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi chitetezo cha batire ya lithiamu. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya batire ya lithiamu-ion ndi njira yolipirira ndi kutulutsa, kutanthauza kuti, ion ya lithiamu imayendetsedwa pakati pa ma electrode abwino ndi oipa, ndipo electrolyte ndiye njira yoyendetsera kayendedwe ka lithiamu ion. Ntchito yayikulu ya diaphragm ndikulekanitsa ma electrode abwino ndi oipa a batire, kuletsa mitengo iwiriyo kuti isalumikizane ndi kufupika kwa magetsi, komanso kukhala ndi ntchito yodutsa ma ayoni a electrolyte.
Kusanthula kwapansi kwa unyolo wamakampani a batri ya lithiamu
Mu 2018, kuchuluka kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion ku China kunakwera ndi 26.71% pachaka kufika pa 102.00GWh. Kupanga kwa China padziko lonse lapansi kunali 54.03%, ndipo kwakhala kampani yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopanga mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Makampani oyimira mabatire a lithiamu ndi awa: Ningde era, BYD, Waterma, Guoxuan Hi-Tech ndi ena otero.
Kuchokera pamsika wogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu-ion ku China, batire yamagetsi mu 2018 idayendetsedwa ndi kukula mwachangu kwa makampani atsopano amagetsi. Kutulutsa kunakwera ndi 46.07% pachaka kufika pa 65GWh, yomwe idakhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri; msika wa mabatire a digito a 3C mu 2018 Kukula kunali kokhazikika, ndipo kutulutsa kunatsika ndi 2.15% pachaka kufika pa 31.8GWh, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kukula kunatsika. Komabe, malo apamwamba a batire a digito omwe akuyimiridwa ndi mabatire osinthika, mabatire a digito apamwamba komanso mapaketi apamwamba a digito amakhudzidwa ndi zida zovalidwa, ma drone, ndi nzeru zapamwamba. Motsogozedwa ndi magawo amsika monga mafoni am'manja, wakhala gawo lokwera kwambiri pamsika wa mabatire a digito a 3C; mu 2018, mabatire a lithiamu-ion osungira mphamvu ku China adakwera pang'ono ndi 48.57% kufika pa 5.2GWh.
Batri Yamagetsi
M'zaka zaposachedwa, batire ya lithiamu-ion yamphamvu ku China yakula mofulumira, makamaka chifukwa cha chithandizo champhamvu cha mfundo zadziko lonse pamakampani opanga magalimoto atsopano amphamvu. Mu 2018, kutulutsa kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ku China kunakwera ndi 50.62% pachaka kufika pa mayunitsi 1.22 miliyoni, ndipo kutulutsa kunali kowirikiza nthawi 14.66 kuposa kwa 2014. Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha msika wa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, msika wa mabatire amphamvu ku China unapitiriza kukula mofulumira mu 2017-2018. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za kafukufuku, kutulutsa kwa msika wa mabatire amphamvu ku China mu 2018 kunakwera ndi 46.07% pachaka kufika pa 65GWh.
Ndi kukhazikitsidwa mwalamulo kwa njira yatsopano yopezera malo ogwiritsira ntchito magalimoto amphamvu, makampani achikhalidwe oyendera mafuta adzawonjezera kapangidwe ka magalimoto atsopano oyendera mphamvu, ndipo makampani akunja monga Volkswagen ndi Daimler adzapanga limodzi magalimoto atsopano oyendera mphamvu ku China. Kufunika kwa msika wa mabatire amphamvu ku China kudzakhala Kusunga momwe zinthu zikuyendera mofulumira, akuyembekezeka kuti CAGR yopanga mabatire amphamvu ifike pa 56.32% m'zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi, ndipo mphamvu yotulutsa mabatire amphamvu idzapitirira 158.8GWh pofika chaka cha 2020.
Msika wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion ku China wapitiliza kukula mofulumira, makamaka chifukwa cha kukula kwa msika wa mabatire amphamvu. Mu 2018, mabizinesi asanu apamwamba pamsika wa mabatire amphamvu ku China anali ndi 71.60% ya mtengo wotulutsa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa msika kunawonjezeka kwambiri.
Batire yamagetsi yamtsogolo ndiyo injini yayikulu kwambiri yokulira m'munda wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Chizolowezi chake chofuna kuchuluka kwa mphamvu komanso chitetezo champhamvu chatsimikizika. Mabatire amagetsi ndi mabatire apamwamba a lithiamu-ion a digito adzakhala malo okulirapo pamsika wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion, ndi mabatire a lithiamu mkati mwa 6μm. Foil ya mkuwa idzakhala imodzi mwa zipangizo zofunika kwambiri zamabatire a lithiamu-ion ndipo idzakhala malo ofunikira kwambiri m'mabizinesi akuluakulu.
Batri ya 3C
Mu 2018, kupanga mabatire a digito ku China kunatsika ndi 2.15% chaka ndi chaka kufika pa 31.8GWh. GGII ikuyembekeza kuti CAGR ya mabatire a digito idzakhala 7.87% m'zaka ziwiri zikubwerazi. Akuti kupanga mabatire a digito ku China kudzafika pa 34GWh mu 2019. Pofika chaka cha 2020, kupanga mabatire a digito ku China kudzafika pa 37GWh, ndipo mabatire apamwamba a digito, mabatire osinthika, mabatire apamwamba, ndi zina zotero zidzayendetsedwa ndi mafoni apamwamba, zida zovalidwa, ma drone, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zikukhala kukula kwakukulu kwa msika wa mabatire a digito.
Batire yosungira mphamvu
Ngakhale kuti malo osungira mphamvu a lithiamu-ion ku China ali ndi malo ambiri pamsika, akadali ochepa chifukwa cha mtengo ndi ukadaulo, ndipo akadali mu nthawi yoyambira msika. Mu 2018, kutulutsa kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion ku China kunakwera ndi 48.57% pachaka kufika pa 5.2GWh. Akuti kutulutsa kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion ku China kudzafika pa 6.8GWh mu 2019.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-20-2019