Chiyambi cha mphamvu ya haidrojeni ndi maselo amafuta

Ma cell amafuta akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:nembanemba yosinthira mapulotoniMa cell amafuta (PEMFC) ndi ma cell amafuta a methanol olunjika molingana ndi mphamvu za electrolyte ndi mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito

(DMFC), maselo amafuta a phosphoric acid (PAFC), maselo amafuta osungunuka a carbonate (MCFC), maselo amafuta olimba a oxide (SOFC), maselo amafuta a alkaline (AFC), ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo, maselo amafuta a proton exchange membrane (PEMFC) amadalira kwambirinembanemba yosinthira mapulotoniKusamutsa pulotoni, maselo amafuta a alkaline (AFC) amagwiritsa ntchito electrolyte yochokera m'madzi a alkaline monga yankho la potaziyamu hydroxide ngati pulotoni yosamutsa pulotoni, ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi kutentha kogwira ntchito, maselo amafuta amatha kugawidwa m'maselo amafuta otentha kwambiri ndi maselo amafuta otentha otsika, oyambawa makamaka amaphatikizapo maselo olimba amafuta a oxide (SOFC) ndi maselo amafuta osungunuka a carbonate (MCFC), Omalizawa amaphatikizapo maselo amafuta a proton exchange membrane (PEMFC), maselo amafuta a methanol mwachindunji (DMFC), maselo amafuta a alkaline (AFC), maselo amafuta a phosphoric acid (PAFC), ndi zina zotero.

Nembanemba yosinthira mapulotoniMaselo amafuta (PEMFC) amagwiritsa ntchito nembanemba ya polymer yochokera m'madzi ngati ma electrolyte awo. Maselo a PEMFC ayenera kugwira ntchito pansi pa mpweya wa hydrogen woyera chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa komwe amagwira ntchito (pansi pa 100 ° C) komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma electrode achitsulo abwino (ma electrode ochokera ku platinum). Poyerekeza ndi maselo ena amafuta, PEMFC ili ndi ubwino wa kutentha kochepa kogwira ntchito, liwiro loyambira mwachangu, mphamvu zambiri, electrolyte yosawononga komanso moyo wautali wautumiki. Chifukwa chake, yakhala ukadaulo waukulu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakali pano pamagalimoto amafuta, komanso imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pang'ono pazida zonyamulika komanso zokhazikika. Malinga ndi E4 Tech, kutumiza ma cell amafuta a PEMFC kukuyembekezeka kufika mayunitsi 44,100 mu 2019, zomwe zimapangitsa 62% ya gawo lonse lapansi; Mphamvu yokhazikika yomwe ikuyerekezeredwa ikufika 934.2MW, yomwe imachititsa 83% ya gawo lonse lapansi.

Maselo amafuta amagwiritsa ntchito ma electrochemical reactions kuti asinthe mphamvu ya mankhwala kuchokera ku mafuta (haidrojeni) pa anode ndi oxidant (oxygen) pa cathode kukhala magetsi kuti ayendetse galimoto yonse. Makamaka, zigawo zazikulu za maselo amafuta zimaphatikizapo makina a injini, magetsi othandizira ndi mota; Pakati pawo, makina a injini amaphatikizapo injini yopangidwa ndi reactor yamagetsi, makina osungira hydrogen yagalimoto, makina oziziritsira ndi chosinthira magetsi cha DCDC. Reactor ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri. Ndi malo omwe haidrojeni ndi mpweya zimagwirira ntchito. Zimapangidwa ndi maselo angapo amodzi pamodzi, ndipo zinthu zazikulu zimaphatikizapo bipolar plate, membrane electrode, end plate ndi zina zotero.