1. Ci gaban masana'antar karfe yana haifar da haɓakar buƙatun duniya na graphite lantarki
1.1 taƙaitaccen gabatarwar na graphite lantarki
Graphite lantarkiwani nau'i ne na graphite conductive abu wanda yake shi ne resistant zuwa high zafin jiki.Yana da wani irin high zafin jiki resistant graphite conductive abu, wanda aka sanya ta calcining albarkatun kasa, murkushe foda, batching, hadawa, forming, yin burodi, impregnating, graphitization da inji aiki, wanda ake kira wucin gadi graphite lantarki (graphite lantarki) to bambanta daga amfani da sama Duk da haka, graphite ne na halitta graphite lantarki shirya daga albarkatun kasa.Na'urorin lantarki na graphite na iya gudanar da halin yanzu da samar da wutar lantarki, ta haka ne ke narkar da baƙin ƙarfe ko wasu albarkatun ƙasa a cikin tanderun fashewa don samar da ƙarfe da sauran samfuran ƙarfe, galibi ana amfani da su wajen samar da ƙarfe.Electrode graphite wani nau'in abu ne mai ƙarancin juriya da juriya ga yanayin zafi a cikin tanderun baka.Babban halaye na graphite lantarki samar da dogon samar sake zagayowar (yawanci m na uku zuwa watanni biyar), babban ikon amfani da hadaddun samar tsari.
Abubuwan da ake samu a sama na sarkar masana'antar graphite electrode sune galibi coke na man fetur da coke na allura, kuma albarkatun da ake samarwa suna da babban kaso na samar da wutar lantarki mai graphite, wanda ya kai sama da 65%, saboda har yanzu akwai babban tazara tsakanin. Fasaha da fasaha na samar da coke na kasar Sin idan aka kwatanta da Amurka da Japan, ingancin coke din coke na cikin gida yana da wahala a iya tabbatar da shi, don haka har yanzu kasar Sin ta dogara sosai kan shigo da coke mai inganci mai inganci.A shekarar 2018, jimillar kayayyakin da ake samu na kasuwar coke na allura a kasar Sin ya kai tan 418000, sannan shigo da coke din allura a kasar Sin ya kai tan 218000, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 50%;Babban aikin ƙasa na graphite lantarki shine Electric arc makera steelmaking.
Rarraba gama gari na graphite electrode ya dogara ne akan kaddarorin zahiri da sinadarai na samfuran da aka gama.Karkashin wannan ma'auni na rarrabuwa, za a iya raba na'urar graphite zuwa na'urar lantarki na graphite na yau da kullun, lantarki mai graphite mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da na'urar lantarki mai ɗorewa mai ƙarfi.The graphite lantarki da daban-daban iko ne daban-daban a cikin albarkatun kasa, lantarki resistivity, na roba modulus, flexural ƙarfi, coefficient na thermal fadada, halatta halin yanzu yawa da aikace-aikace filayen.
1.2.Bita na tarihin ci gaban graphite lantarki a kasar Sin
Ana amfani da na'urar graphite musamman wajen narkewar ƙarfe da ƙarfe.Ci gaban masana'antar lantarki na graphite na kasar Sin ya dace da tsarin zamani na masana'antar ƙarfe da karafa na kasar Sin.Electrode graphite a China ya fara ne a cikin 1950s, kuma ya fuskanci matakai uku tun lokacin haihuwarsa
Ana sa ran kasuwar lantarki ta graphite za ta koma baya a cikin 2021. A cikin rabin farko na 2020, yanayin da annobar cutar ta shafa, buƙatun cikin gida ya ragu sosai, ba da jinkirin umarni na ƙasashen waje, kuma yawancin hanyoyin kayayyaki sun yi tasiri a kasuwannin cikin gida.A cikin Fabrairu 2020, farashin graphite electrode ya tashi na ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma ba da daɗewa ba farashin ya tsananta.Ana sa ran cewa tare da dawo da kasuwannin cikin gida da na waje da kuma haɓakar tanderun lantarki da ke narkewa a ƙarƙashin manufofin tsaka tsaki na cikin gida, ana sa ran kasuwar lantarki ta graphite za ta koma baya.Tun shekarar 2020, tare da farashin graphite lantarki fadowa da kuma kula da zama barga, cikin gida bukatar graphite lantarki ga EAF steelmaking yana karuwa akai-akai, da fitarwa girma na matsananci-high ikon graphite lantarki da hankali karuwa, da kasuwar taro na graphite na kasar Sin. Masana'antar lantarki za ta ƙaru a hankali, kuma masana'antar za ta girma a hankali.
2. ana sa ran samar da buƙatun buƙatun na lantarki na graphite zai koma baya
2.1.canjin farashin duniya na graphite lantarki yana da girma
Daga 2014 zuwa 2016, saboda raguwar buƙatun ƙasa, kasuwar graphite lantarki ta duniya ta ƙi, kuma farashin graphite electrode ya kasance ƙasa kaɗan.A matsayin babban kayan da ake amfani da shi na graphite electrode, farashin coke na allura ya faɗi zuwa dala 562.2 kan kowace ton a shekarar 2016. Yayin da kasar Sin ke shigo da kayan kwalliyar allura, bukatar kasar Sin na da matukar tasiri kan farashin coke din allura a wajen kasar Sin.Tare da graphite lantarki masana'antun' damar fadowa a kasa da masana'antu kudin line a 2016, da zamantakewa kaya kai low batu.A cikin 2017, ƙarshen manufofin ya soke matsakaicin matsakaicin wutar lantarki na Di Tiao karfe, kuma babban adadin baƙin ƙarfe ya kwarara a cikin tanderun masana'antar ƙarfe, wanda ya haifar da karuwar buƙatun masana'antar graphite electrode a cikin rabin na biyu na kasar Sin. 2017. Ƙaruwar buƙatun lantarki na graphite ya sa farashin coke ɗin allura ya tashi sosai a cikin 2017, kuma ya kai dalar Amurka 3769.9 kowace ton a 2019, haɓaka 5.7 sau idan aka kwatanta da 2016.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, bangaren manufofin cikin gida yana ba da goyon baya da jagoranci kan gajeren tsari na kera karafa na EAF maimakon na'ura mai canza karfe, wanda ya inganta karuwar bukatar lantarki mai graphite a masana'antar karafa ta kasar Sin.Tun daga 2017, kasuwar ƙarfe ta EAF ta duniya ta murmure, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin wadatar lantarki na graphite na duniya.Bukatar na'urorin lantarki na graphite a wajen China ya tashi sosai a cikin 2017 kuma farashin ya kai matakinsa mafi girma.Tun daga wannan lokacin, saboda yawan saka hannun jari, samarwa da siye, kasuwa tana da haja da yawa, kuma matsakaicin farashin graphite electrode ya faɗi a cikin 2019. A cikin 2019, farashin uhhp graphite electrode ya tsaya tsayin daka akan dalar Amurka 8824.0 akan kowace ton, amma ya faɗi. ya kasance sama da farashin tarihi kafin 2016.
A farkon rabin shekarar 2020, COVID-19 ya haifar da ƙarin raguwa a matsakaicin farashin siyar da na'urorin lantarki na graphite, kuma farashin coke na gida ya ragu daga yuan / ton 8000 zuwa yuan 4500 a ƙarshen Agusta, ko kuma 43.75% .Farashin samar da coke na allura a kasar Sin shine yuan / ton 5000-6000, kuma yawancin masana'antun suna ƙasa da ma'auni na riba da asara.Tare da farfadowar tattalin arziki, samarwa da sayar da na'urorin lantarki na graphite a kasar Sin sun inganta tun daga watan Agusta, an kiyaye farawar karfen wutar lantarki da kashi 65%, sha'awar masana'antar karfe don siyan na'urorin lantarki na graphite ya karu, kuma jerin bincike sun tashi. don kasuwar fitar da kayayyaki ta karu a hankali.Farashin lantarki na graphite shima yana tashi tun Satumba 2020. Farashin graphite lantarki gabaɗaya ya ƙaru da yuan 500-1500, kuma farashin fitarwa ya karu sosai.
Tun daga shekarar 2021, lamarin da annobar cutar ta shafa a lardin Hebei, an rufe yawancin masana'antar lantarki ta graphite kuma ana sarrafa motocin sufuri sosai, kuma ba za a iya yin ciniki da na'urorin lantarki na gida kamar yadda aka saba ba.Farashin kayayyakin yau da kullun da masu ƙarfi a cikin kasuwar lantarki na graphite ya tashi.Babban farashin ƙayyadaddun uhp450mm tare da abun ciki na coke coke 30% a kasuwa shine 15-15500 yuan / ton, kuma babban farashin ƙayyadaddun uhp600mm shine 185-19500 yuan / ton, daga 500-2000 yuan / ton.Haɓakar farashin albarkatun ƙasa kuma yana goyan bayan farashin lantarki na graphite.A halin yanzu, farashin coke na allura a jerin gwanon cikin gida ya kai yuan 7000, man fetur ya kai kusan 7800, sannan farashin shigo da kayayyaki ya kai kusan dalar Amurka 1500.A cewar bayanin Bachuan, wasu masana'antun masana'antu na yau da kullun sun ba da umarnin tushen kayan a cikin Fabrairu.Sakamakon kulawa da manyan masu samar da albarkatun ƙasa a gida da waje a cikin Afrilu, ana sa ran cewa 2021 graphite electrode har yanzu zai sami damar haɓakawa a farkon rabin shekara.Koyaya, tare da haɓakar farashi, ƙarshen buƙatun narkar da murhun wutar lantarki na ƙasa zai kasance mai rauni, kuma ana sa ran farashin lantarki na graphite a cikin rabin na biyu na shekara zai kasance karko.
2.2.da girma sarari na gida high quality da matsananci high ikon graphite lantarki ne manyan
Fitar da na'urorin lantarki na graphite a ƙasashen waje ya ragu, kuma ƙarfin samarwa ya fi ƙarfin ultrahigh ikon graphite lantarki.Daga shekarar 2014 zuwa 2019, samar da lantarki na graphite na duniya (sai China) ya ragu daga ton 800000 zuwa ton 710000, tare da adadin ci gaban shekara-shekara na - 2.4%.Sakamakon rushewar tsire-tsire masu karamin karfi, gyaran muhalli da sake ginawa na dogon lokaci, karfin aiki da kayan da ake fitarwa a wajen kasar Sin na ci gaba da raguwa, kuma gibin da ke tsakanin fitarwa da amfani yana cike da na'urorin lantarki na graphite da kasar Sin ke fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje.Daga tsarin samfur, fitarwa na ultra-high power graphite electrodes a ketare yana da kusan kashi 90% na jimillar kayan lantarki na graphite (sai China).High quality da matsananci-high ikon graphite lantarki da aka yafi amfani wajen samar da bakin karfe da musamman karfe.Mai ƙira yana buƙatar manyan fihirisar jiki da sinadarai kamar yawa, juriya da abun cikin toka na irin waɗannan na'urorin lantarki.
Fitar da graphite lantarki a kasar Sin ya ci gaba da tashi, da kuma masana'antu iya aiki na high quality da matsananci high ikon graphite lantarki da aka iyakance.Fitar da lantarki mai graphite a kasar Sin ya ragu daga ton 570000 a shekarar 2014 zuwa tan 500000 a shekarar 2016. Yawan kayayyakin da kasar Sin ta fitar ya farfado tun daga shekarar 2017 kuma ya kai ton 800000 a shekarar 2019. Idan aka kwatanta da kasuwar hada-hadar graphite ta duniya, masana'antun gida masu karamin karfi suna da inganci. -power graphite lantarki masana'antu iya aiki, amma ga high quality-kuma matsananci-high-power graphite, cikin gida masana'antu iya aiki ne mai iyaka.A shekarar 2019, babban ingancin lantarki na graphite na kasar Sin ya kai ton 86000 kacal, wanda ya kai kusan kashi 10% na yawan abin da aka fitar, wanda ya sha bamban sosai da tsarin kayayyakin lantarki na graphite na kasashen waje.
Ta fuskar buƙatu, yawan amfani da na'urorin lantarki na graphite a duniya (sai dai China) a cikin 2014-2019 koyaushe ya fi abin da ake samarwa, kuma bayan 2017, yawan amfani yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara.A cikin 2019, yawan amfani da na'urorin lantarki na graphite a duniya (ban da China) ya kasance tan 890000.Daga shekarar 2014 zuwa 2015, yawan amfani da na'urorin lantarki na graphite a kasar Sin ya ragu daga ton 390000 zuwa ton 360000, kuma yawan na'urorin lantarki masu inganci da karfin gaske sun ragu daga ton 23800 zuwa tan 20300.Daga 2016 zuwa 2017, saboda sannu a hankali dawo da karfin kasuwancin karafa a kasar Sin, yawan aikin karfe na EAF yana karuwa.A halin yanzu, adadin manyan EAFs da masana'antun ƙarfe ke amfani da su yana ƙaruwa.Bukatar ingantattun na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi na graphite ya karu zuwa ton 580000 a cikin 2019, wanda, buƙatar manyan ingantattun na'urori masu ƙarfi na graphite ya kai tan 66300, kuma CAGR a cikin 2017-2019 ya kai 68% .Electrode graphite (musamman babban lantarki graphite electrode) ana tsammanin zai dace da buƙatun da ke haifar da kariyar muhalli da iyakancewar samarwa a ƙarshen wadata da yuwuwar ƙarfe tanderu a ƙarshen buƙatun.
3. girma na gajeren tsari smelting korar ci gaban graphite lantarki
3.1.bukatar sabon wutar lantarki don fitar da graphite electrode
Masana'antar karafa na daya daga cikin ginshikan ci gaban zamantakewa da ci gaba.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, samar da danyen karafa a duniya ya ci gaba da samun ci gaba.Ana amfani da ƙarfe sosai a cikin motoci, gine-gine, marufi da masana'antar jirgin ƙasa, kuma yawan amfani da ƙarfe na duniya ya karu a hankali.A lokaci guda, an inganta ingancin samfuran ƙarfe kuma ƙa'idodin kare muhalli suna ƙaruwa.Wasu masana'antun karfe suna juya zuwa masana'antar arc tanderu karfe masana'anta, yayin da graphite lantarki yana da matukar mahimmanci ga tanderun baka, don haka haɓaka ingancin buƙatun na lantarki na graphite.Ƙarfe da ƙarfe shine babban filin aikace-aikace na graphite electrode, lissafin kusan kashi 80% na jimlar yawan amfani da graphite electrode.A cikin narkar da ƙarfe da ƙarfe, ƙirar ƙarfe ta wutar lantarki tana da kusan kashi 50% na jimlar yawan amfani da lantarki na graphite, da tacewa a wajen tanderun yana da sama da kashi 25% na jimlar yawan amfani da lantarki na graphite.A duniya, a shekarar 2015, yawan adadin danyen karafa a duniya ya kai kashi 25.2%, 62.7%, 39.4% da 22.9% a Amurka, kasashe 27 na Tarayyar Turai da Japan, yayin da a shekarar 2015. Danyen karafa da tanderun da kasar Sin ta ke samarwa ya kai kashi 5.9%, wanda ya yi kasa da na duniya.A cikin dogon lokaci, fasaha na fasaha na gajeren lokaci yana da fa'ida a bayyane akan tsari mai tsawo.Masana'antar ƙarfe ta musamman tare da EAF a matsayin babban kayan aikin samarwa ana tsammanin haɓaka cikin sauri.Rarraba albarkatun albarkatun kasa na EAF karfe za su sami babban filin ci gaba na gaba.Don haka, ana sa ran aikin ƙarfe na EAF zai haɓaka cikin sauri, don haka haɓaka buƙatun lantarki na graphite.Daga ra'ayi na fasaha, EAF shine ainihin kayan aiki na gajeren tsari na karfe.Short tsari fasahar ƙera ƙarfe yana da fa'ida a bayyane a cikin samar da ingantaccen aiki, kariyar muhalli, farashi na aikin babban birnin gini da sassaucin tsari;daga ƙasa, game da 70% na musamman karfe da kuma 100% na high gami karfe a kasar Sin ana samar da baka tanderu.A cikin 2016, kayan aikin ƙarfe na musamman a kasar Sin shine kawai 1/5 na Japan, kuma ana samar da samfuran ƙarfe na musamman na musamman a cikin Japan Matsakaicin jimlar shine kawai 1/8 na na Japan.Ci gaban babban karfe na musamman a nan gaba a kasar Sin zai haifar da haɓaka na'urar lantarki ta graphite don tanderun wutar lantarki da tanderun lantarki;Don haka, ajiyar albarkatun karafa da tarkace a kasar Sin na da babban filin ci gaba, kuma tushen albarkatun karafa na gajeren lokaci a nan gaba yana da karfi.
Fitar da graphite lantarki ya yi daidai da canjin yanayin fitowar ƙarfe na tanderun lantarki.Haɓaka fitowar ƙarfe na tanderun zai fitar da buƙatun lantarki na graphite a nan gaba.Bisa kididdigar da kungiyar hadin gwiwar karafa da karafa ta duniya, da kungiyar masana'antar Carbon ta kasar Sin suka yi, an ce, yawan karfen wutar lantarki da aka samu a kasar Sin a shekarar 2019 ya kai tan miliyan 127.4, kuma adadin lantarki mai graphite ya kai ton 7421000.Fitowa da haɓaka ƙimar lantarki na graphite a China suna da alaƙa da haɓaka da haɓaka ƙimar ƙarfe na tanderun lantarki a China.Ta fuskar samar da wutar lantarki, yawan karfen tanderun lantarki a shekarar 2011 ya kai kololuwa, sa'an nan kuma ya ragu a kowace shekara, haka nan kuma yawan wutar lantarkin da ake fitarwa a kasar Sin ya ragu bayan shekara ta 2011. A shekarar 2016, ma'aikatar masana'antu da watsa labaru ta kasar Sin tana raguwa. fasahar ta shiga kusan tanderun lantarki 205 na kamfanonin kera karafa, tare da samar da tan miliyan 45, wanda ya kai kashi 6.72% na yawan danyen karfen da kasar ke nomawa a wannan shekarar.A shekarar 2017, an kara sabbin guda 127, tare da samar da tan miliyan 75, wanda ya kai kashi 9.32% na yawan danyen karafa da aka yi a wannan shekarar;a shekarar 2018, an kara sabbin guda 34, tare da samar da tan miliyan 100, wanda ya kai kashi 11% na yawan danyen karfe da ake fitarwa a wannan shekarar;A shekarar 2019, an kawar da tanderun lantarki da bai kai 50t ba, kuma sabbin tanderun lantarki da aka gina da kuma samar da wutar lantarki a kasar Sin sun wuce 355, wanda ya kai kashi 12.8%.Yawan ƙera ƙarfe na tanderun lantarki a China har yanzu ya yi ƙasa da matsakaicin duniya, amma tazarar ta fara raguwa sannu a hankali.Daga yawan girma, fitowar graphite electrode yana nuna yanayin jujjuyawa da raguwa.A cikin 2015, raguwar yanayin samar da ƙarfe na tanderun lantarki ya raunana, kuma fitarwa na graphite lantarki yana raguwa.Matsakaicin fitowar karfe a nan gaba zai zama mafi girma, wanda zai fitar da sararin buƙatu na gaba na graphite electrode don tanderun lantarki.
Dangane da tsarin daidaita tsarin masana'antar karafa da Ma'aikatar masana'antu da fasahar watsa labarai ta bayar, an ba da shawarar a fili cewa "ƙarfafa haɓaka tsarin samar da ƙarfe na gajeren lokaci da aikace-aikacen kayan aiki tare da guntun ƙarfe a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa.Nan da shekarar 2025, rabon daftarin karafa na kamfanonin karafa na kasar Sin ba zai gaza kasa da kashi 30 ba.Tare da haɓaka shirin shekaru biyar na 14 a fannoni daban-daban, ana sa ran adadin gajeriyar hanya zai ƙara haɓaka buƙatun lantarki na graphite, mahimman kayan da ke sama.
Sai dai kasar Sin, manyan kasashen da ke samar da karafa a duniya, irinsu Amurka, Japan da Koriya ta Kudu, sun fi yin amfani da wutar lantarki ta karfe, wanda ke bukatar karin graphite electrode, yayin da karfin wutar lantarki na kasar Sin ya kai sama da kashi 50% na duniya. iya aiki, wanda ya sa kasar Sin ta zama mai fitar da wutar lantarki mai graphite.A shekarar 2018, yawan fitar da wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin ya kai ton 287000, wanda ya karu da kashi 21.11 bisa dari a duk shekara, wanda ya sa aka samu bunkasuwar bunkasuwar tattalin arziki, kuma ya samu karuwa sosai tsawon shekaru uku a jere.Ana sa ran yawan fitar da lantarki na graphite a kasar Sin zai karu zuwa ton 398000 nan da shekarar 2023, tare da karuwar yawan karuwar shekara-shekara na 5.5%.Godiya ga ingantaccen matakin fasaha na masana'antu, samfuran lantarki na graphite na kasar Sin sannu a hankali sun sami karbuwa daga abokan cinikin kasashen waje, kuma kudaden shiga na tallace-tallace na kamfanonin lantarki na kasar Sin ya karu sosai.Ɗaukar manyan graphite lantarki masana'antu a kasar Sin a matsayin misali, tare da gaba ɗaya kyautata na graphite lantarki masana'antu, saboda da in mun gwada da karfi samfurin gasa, Fangda carbon ya karu sosai ketare kudaden shiga na graphite lantarki kasuwanci a cikin 'yan shekaru biyu.Tallace-tallacen kasashen waje ya karu daga yuan miliyan 430 a cikin karamin lokaci na masana'antar graphite electrode a cikin 2016 zuwa 2018, kudaden shiga na kasuwancin lantarki na graphite a ketare ya kai sama da 30% na jimlar kudaden shiga na kamfanin, kuma digiri na duniya yana karuwa. .Tare da ci gaba da inganta fasaha matakin da samfurin gasa na kasar Sin graphite lantarki masana'antu, kasar Sin graphite lantarki za a gane da kuma amince da kasashen waje abokan ciniki.Ana sa ran yawan fitarwa na graphite electrode zai ƙara haɓaka, wanda zai zama babban abin da zai inganta samar da narkar da na'urar graphite a China.
3.2.tasirin manufofin kariyar muhalli akan yanayin annoba yana haifar da samar da lantarki mai graphite ya zama m
The carbon watsi da dogon tsari na gajeren tsari steelmaking a cikin wutar lantarki tanderu an rage.Bisa shirin shekara biyar na masana'antar sharar gida ta 13, idan aka kwatanta da samar da karafa, za a iya rage fitar da tan 1.6 na carbon dioxide da tan 3 na datti ta hanyar yin amfani da tan 1 na sharar karafa.Jerin matakai suna shiga cikin masana'antar ƙarfe da ƙarfe.Kowane tsari zai fuskanci jerin canje-canjen sinadarai da na jiki.A lokaci guda, za a sauke nau'o'in tarkace da sharar gida yayin da ake samar da kayayyakin da ake buƙata.Ta hanyar ƙididdigewa, za mu iya gano cewa lokacin da aka samar da tan 1 ton slab / billet, dogon tsari wanda ke ɗauke da tsarin sintering zai fitar da ƙarin gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu, wanda shine na biyu a cikin dogon aiwatar da aikin pellet, yayin da gurɓataccen abu ke fitarwa ta hanyar ƙera ƙarfe na ɗan lokaci. suna da ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da na dogon lokaci tare da tsari mai tsayi da tsari mai tsayi wanda ke ɗauke da pellet, wanda ke nuna cewa ƙera ƙarfe na ɗan lokaci ya fi abokantaka ga muhalli.Domin samun nasara a yakin tsaron sararin samaniya, larduna da dama a kasar Sin sun ba da sanarwar samar da kololuwar kololuwa a lokacin sanyi da bazara, tare da yin shirye-shiryen samar da iskar gas ga manyan kamfanonin da ke da alaka da iskar gas kamar karafa, da ba taferrous, da coking, masana'antar sinadarai, gini. kayan da simintin gyare-gyare.Daga cikin su, idan yawan makamashi, kariyar muhalli da amincin kamfanonin carbon da ferroalloy wanda graphite electrode ke da shi ya kasa cika buƙatun da suka dace, wasu lardunan sun ba da shawarar cewa za a aiwatar da ƙuntatawa na samarwa ko dakatar da samarwa bisa ga ainihin halin da ake ciki.
3.3.Samfura da buƙatun ƙirar lantarki na graphite yana canzawa a hankali
Novel coronavirus ciwon huhu wanda ya haifar da koma bayan tattalin arzikin duniya da wasu tasirin kariya a farkon rabin 2020, ya sanya graphite lantarki duka a cikin buƙatun kasuwannin gida da na waje da farashin tallace-tallace ya ragu, kuma kamfanonin lantarki na graphite a cikin masana'antar sun rage samarwa, dakatar da samarwa da kuma dakatar da samarwa. yayi hasara.A cikin gajeren lokaci da matsakaita, baya ga hasashen da kasar Sin za ta yi na inganta bukatun lantarki na graphite, ana iya iyakance karfin karfin lantarki na graphite na ketare a karkashin tasirin annobar, wanda zai kara tsananta halin da ake ciki na matsatsin tsarin samar da graphite. lantarki.
Tun daga kwata na huɗu na 2020, ƙirar lantarki na graphite yana raguwa ci gaba, kuma ƙimar fara kasuwancin ya ƙaru.Tun daga shekarar 2019, gabaɗayan samar da lantarki na graphite a kasar Sin ya wuce kima, kuma kamfanonin lantarki na graphite suma suna sarrafa yadda ake farawa.Ko da yake koma bayan tattalin arzikin duniya a shekarar 2020, tasirin masana'antun karafa na kasashen waje da COVID-19 ya shafa na ci gaba da gudana, amma yawan danyen karfen da kasar Sin ke fitarwa ya kasance mai karko.Duk da haka, farashin graphite lantarki kasuwar ya shafi kasuwar wadata mafi, kuma farashin ya ci gaba da raguwa, da graphite lantarki Enterprises sun sha wahala mai yawa asara.Wasu daga cikin manyan masana'antun lantarki na graphite a kasar Sin sun yi amfani da kayayyaki sosai a cikin Afrilu da Mayu 2020. A halin yanzu, wadata da buƙatun babban kasuwa da babban kasuwa suna kusa da ma'aunin wadata da buƙatu.Ko da abin da ake bukata ya kasance ba canzawa, ranar da za a sami wadata da buƙata za ta zo nan ba da jimawa ba.
Haɓakawa da sauri na amfani da tarkace yana haɓaka buƙatu.Yawan amfani da karafa ya karu daga tan miliyan 88.29 a shekarar 2014 zuwa tan miliyan 18781 a shekarar 2018, kuma CAGR ya kai 20.8%.A yayin da aka bude manufar kasa kan shigo da karafa da kuma karuwar yawan narka wutar lantarki, ana sa ran yawan karafa zai ci gaba da karuwa cikin sauri.A daya hannun kuma, saboda farashin dattin karafa ya fi shafan bukatar da ake bukata a kasashen ketare, an samu tashin gwauron zabi a cikin rabin na biyu na shekarar 2020, sakamakon tasirin da kasar Sin ta fara shigo da tarkace.A halin yanzu, farashin tarkacen karafa ya yi tsada, kuma ya fara komawa baya tun daga shekarar 2021. Ana sa ran raguwar bukatu da tasirin annobar cutar ke haifarwa a kasashen waje zai ci gaba da yin tasiri ga raguwar karafa.Ana sa ran cewa za a ci gaba da yin tasiri a farashin dattin karfe a farkon rabin shekarar 2021 Lattice din za ta kasance mai jujjuyawa da kasa, wanda kuma zai taimaka wajen inganta farashin farawar tanderun da kuma bukatar lantarki mai graphite.
Jimlar buƙatun ƙarfe na wutar lantarki na duniya da ƙarfe mara ƙarfi a cikin 2019 da 2020 shine ton 1376800 da tan miliyan 14723 bi da bi.An yi hasashen cewa, yawan bukatar da ake samu a duniya zai kara karuwa a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, kuma zai kai tan miliyan 2.1444 a shekarar 2025. Bukatar karfen tanderun lantarki ne ya fi yawa.An kiyasta cewa bukatar zata kai tan miliyan 1.8995 a shekarar 2025.
Bukatar duniya na lantarki na graphite a cikin 2019 da 2020 shine ton 1376800 da tan miliyan 14723 bi da bi.An yi hasashen cewa, yawan bukatu na duniya zai kara karuwa a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, kuma ana sa ran zai kai tan miliyan 2.1444 a shekarar 2025. A halin da ake ciki, a shekarar 2021 da 2022, samar da lantarki na graphite a duniya ya haura tan 267 da 16000 bi da bi.Bayan shekarar 2023, za a samu karancin wadata, tare da gibin -17900 ton, 39000 ton da -24000.
A cikin 2019 da 2020, bukatun duniya na UHP graphite electrodes shine 9087000 ton da 986400 ton bi da bi.An yi hasashen cewa, yawan bukatun duniya zai kara karuwa a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, kuma zai kai kimanin tan miliyan 1.608 a shekarar 2025. A halin da ake ciki, a shekarar 2021 da 2022, samar da lantarki na graphite a duniya ya haura tan 775 da 61500 bi da bi.Bayan shekarar 2023, za a samu karancin wadatar kayayyaki, tare da gibin -08000, ton 26300 da -67300.
Daga rabin na biyu na 2020 zuwa Janairu 2021, farashin duniya na ultra-high-power graphite electrode ya ragu daga 27000/t zuwa 24000/ T. an kiyasta cewa har yanzu babban kamfani na iya samun ribar 1922-2067 yuan / ton a farashin yanzu.A cikin 2021, buƙatun duniya na ultra-high-power graphite electrodes zai ƙara ƙaruwa, musamman dumama fitarwa da ake sa ran zai ci gaba da jawo bukatar ultra-high-power graphite, da kuma graphite electrode commencement rate zai ci gaba da tashi.Ana sa ran cewa farashin UHP graphite electrode a cikin 2021 za a ƙara zuwa 26000/t da rabi na biyu na shekara, kuma za a ƙara ribar zuwa 3922-4067 yuan / ton.Tare da ci gaba da karuwa na jimlar buƙatun na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi na graphite a nan gaba, za a ƙara haɓaka sararin riba.
Tun daga Janairu 2021, farashin duniya na gama-gari na graphite lantarki shine 11500-12500 yuan / ton.Dangane da farashi da farashin kasuwa na yanzu, ana kiyasin ribar na'urar graphite na yau da kullun zuwa -264-1404 yuan / ton, wanda har yanzu yana cikin asara.A halin yanzu farashin graphite lantarki tare da talakawa ikon ya tashi daga 10000 yuan / ton a cikin uku kwata na 2020 zuwa 12500 yuan / T. tare da sannu a hankali farfadowa da tattalin arzikin duniya, musamman a karkashin carbon neutralization manufofin, da bukatar karfe tanderun ne cikin sauri. ya karu, kuma amfani da tarkacen karfe yana ci gaba da karuwa, kuma buƙatun lantarki na graphite na yau da kullun zai tashi sosai.Ana sa ran cewa farashin graphite electrode tare da iko na yau da kullun za a haɓaka zuwa sama da farashi a cikin kwata na uku na 2021, kuma za a sami riba.Tare da buƙatun duniya na graphite electrodes na ƙarfin gabaɗaya yana ci gaba da tashi a nan gaba, sararin riba zai faɗaɗa sannu a hankali.
4. gasar juna na graphite lantarki masana'antu a kasar Sin
Matsakaicin ci gaban masana'antar lantarki na graphite sune masana'antun lantarki na graphite, tare da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu a matsayin mahalarta.Samar da lantarki mai graphite na kasar Sin ya kai kusan kashi 50% na abin da ake fitarwa a duniya.A matsayin babban kamfani a masana'antar graphite electrode na kasar Sin, kaso na kasuwan lantarki mai murabba'in carbon graphite electrode a kasar Sin ya zarce kashi 20%, kuma karfin lantarkin graphite shi ne na uku a duniya.Dangane da ingancin samfurin, manyan kamfanoni a masana'antar lantarki ta graphite a kasar Sin suna da karfin gasa na kasa da kasa, kuma fasahohin fasaha na kayayyakin sun kai matakin irin wannan kayayyakin na kasashen waje masu fafatawa.Akwai delamination a cikin graphite lantarki kasuwar.Kasuwar ultra-high-power graphite electrode galibi manyan kamfanoni ne ke mamaye da su a cikin masana'antar, kuma manyan kamfanoni guda huɗu suna da sama da kashi 80% na kasuwar kasuwar UHP graphite electrode, kuma yawan masana'antar ya ɗan bambanta. bayyane.
A cikin kasuwar ultra-high ikon graphite lantarki kasuwar, manyan graphite lantarki masana'antu a tsakiyar kai suna da karfi ciniki ikon zuwa kasa karfe yin masana'antu, da kuma bukatar downstream abokan ciniki biya domin sadar kaya ba tare da samar da lokacin asusu.Babban iko da na'urorin lantarki na graphite na yau da kullun suna da ƙananan ƙarancin fasaha, gasa mai zafi da kuma fitacciyar gasar farashi.A cikin high-power da talakawa ikon graphite lantarki kasuwar, fuskantar da karfe-yin masana'antu tare da babban maida hankali a kasa, kananan da matsakaici-sized graphite lantarki Enterprises suna da rauni ciniki ikon zuwa kasa, don samar da abokan ciniki da lokacin asusu ko ma. rage farashin don yin takara don kasuwa.Bugu da kari, saboda abubuwan da ke damun kariyar muhalli, karfin masana'antu na tsakiya yana da iyaka sosai, kuma yawan karfin amfani da masana'antar bai kai kashi 70% ba.Wasu kamfanoni ma suna bayyana al'amarin da aka ba su umarnin dakatar da samarwa har abada.Idan wadatar masana'antar narkewa ta ƙarfe, phosphorus mai launin rawaya da sauran albarkatun masana'antu a ƙasa na graphite lantarki ta ragu, buƙatun kasuwar lantarki ta graphite tana iyakance, kuma farashin graphite lantarki ba ya tashi sosai, haɓakar farashin aiki zai haifar don tsira daga kanana da matsakaitan masana'antu ba tare da ginshiƙan gasa ba, kuma a hankali fita kasuwa ko kuma a samu ta hanyar manyan graphite lantarki ko masana'antar ƙarfe.
Bayan shekarar 2017, tare da karuwar ribar da ake samu a masana'antar tanderun lantarki, bukatu da farashin graphite electrode na kayyakin karfen wutar lantarki suma sun karu cikin sauri.Babban riba na masana'antar lantarki na graphite ya karu sosai.Kamfanonin da ke cikin masana'antar sun faɗaɗa yawan samar da su.Wasu kamfanoni da suka bar kasuwa an fara aiki da su sannu a hankali.Daga jimlar fitarwa na graphite electrode, taro na masana'antu ya ƙi.Ɗaukar da manyan square carbon na graphite electrode a matsayin misali, da overall kasuwar rabo ya ƙi daga game da 30% a 2016 zuwa game da 25% a 2018. Duk da haka, game da takamaiman rarrabuwa na graphite lantarki kayayyakin, da gasar a cikin masana'antu kasuwar yana da. an bambanta.Saboda manyan buƙatun fasaha na ultra-high-power graphite electrode, ana ƙara haɓaka kason kasuwa na samfuran ultra-high-ikon ta hanyar sakin ƙarfin samar da manyan masana'antu tare da ƙarfin fasaha daidai, kuma manyan kamfanoni huɗu na manyan masana'antu. fiye da kashi 80% na kason kasuwa na samfuran ultra-high-power Products.Dangane da ikon gama gari da babban wutar lantarki mai graphite tare da ƙarancin buƙatun fasaha, gasar a kasuwa tana ƙaruwa sannu a hankali saboda sake haɗa kanana da matsakaitan masana'antu tare da ƙarancin fasaha da haɓaka samarwa.
Bayan shekaru da dama na bunkasuwa, ta hanyar bullo da fasahar kera na'urar graphite, manyan masana'antun lantarki na graphite a kasar Sin sun kware sosai kan fasahar kera graphite electrode.Fasahar kere-kere da matakin fasaha na graphite electrode ya yi daidai da na masu fafatawa a ketare, kuma tare da fa'idar aiki mai tsada, masana'antun lantarki na graphite na kasar Sin suna kara taka muhimmiyar rawa a gasar kasuwar duniya.
5. shawarwarin zuba jari
A karshen wadata, da taro na graphite lantarki masana'antu har yanzu yana da dakin inganta, muhalli kariya da kuma samar da iyaka karuwa rabo daga lantarki makera steelmaking, da kuma gaba ɗaya ci gaban graphite lantarki masana'antu ne m.A bangaren bukatar, saboda inganta yawan aiki da rage yawan amfani da makamashi, nan gaba ton 100-150 UHP EAF shine babban alkiblar ci gaba, kuma ci gaban UHP EAF shine yanayin gaba ɗaya.A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan kayan UHP EAF, ana sa ran buƙatun manyan sikelin ultra-high-power graphite electrode ana tsammanin ƙara haɓaka.
Wadatar masana'antar lantarki ta graphite ta ragu a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata.Ayyukan manyan kamfanonin lantarki na graphite na cikin gida ya ragu sosai a cikin 2020. Gabaɗaya masana'antar tana cikin matakin ƙarancin fata da ƙarancin ƙima.Koyaya, mun yi imanin cewa tare da haɓaka mahimman abubuwan masana'antu da dawowar farashin graphite lantarki a hankali zuwa matakin da ya dace, ayyukan manyan masana'antu a cikin masana'antar za su ci gaba da fa'ida daga sake dawo da ƙasa na graphite. kasuwar lantarki.A nan gaba, kasar Sin tana da wani babban fili don bunkasa aikin sarrafa karafa na gajeren lokaci, wanda zai amfana da samar da lantarki mai graphite don gajeren tsari na EAF.Ana ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a mai da hankali kan manyan masana'antu a fagen lantarki na graphite.
6. tukwici
Matsakaicin masana'antar ƙera ƙarfe ta wutar lantarki a China ba kamar yadda ake tsammani ba, kuma farashin albarkatun ƙasa na graphite lantarki yana jujjuyawa sosai.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-13-2021