1. uphuhliso loshishino lwentsimbi luqhuba ukukhula kwemfuno yehlabathi yee-electrode zegraphite
1.1 Intshayelelo emfutshane yegraphite electrode
I-electrode yegraphiteluhlobo lwemathiriyeli yegraphite ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu.Luhlobo lobushushu obuphezulu obunganyangekiyo kwi-graphite material conductive, eyenziwa ngokubala izinto ezikrwada, ukutyumza umgubo wokusila, ukuxutywa, ukuxuba, ukwenza, ukubhaka, ukumitha, igraphitization kunye nokulungiswa komatshini, okubizwa ngokuba yi-artificial graphite electrode (graphite electrode) yahlula ekusebenziseni izulu Nangona kunjalo, igraphite yi-electrode ye-graphite yendalo elungiselelwe kwizinto ezikrwada.I-electrode yegraphite inokuqhuba okwangoku kwaye ivelise umbane, ngaloo ndlela inyibilikisa isinyithi esilahliweyo okanye ezinye izinto eziluhlaza kwiziko eliqhumayo ukuvelisa intsimbi kunye nezinye iimveliso zetsimbi, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yentsimbi.I-electrode yegraphite luhlobo lwemathiriyeli ene-resistant ephantsi kunye nokuchasana ne-thermal gradient kwi-arc furnace.Iimpawu eziphambili zemveliso ye-graphite electrode ngumjikelezo wemveliso omde (ngokuqhelekileyo uhlala kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu), ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amakhulu kunye nenkqubo yemveliso enzima.
Imathiriyeli ekrwada emantla komjelo wetsheyini loshishino lwegraphite electrode ubukhulu becala yipetroleum coke kunye nenaliti yecoke, kwaye imathiriyeli ekrwada ibangela umlinganiselo omkhulu weendleko zemveliso yegraphite electrode, ebalwa ngaphezu kwama-65%, kuba kusekho umsantsa omkhulu phakathi Iteknoloji yokuvelisa i-coke ye-coke yase-China kunye ne-teknoloji xa kuthelekiswa ne-United States ne-Japan, umgangatho we-coke yenaliti yasekhaya kunzima ukuqinisekiswa, ngoko ke i-China ixhomekeke kakhulu kwikhwalithi ephezulu ye-coke yokungenisa.Ngo-2018, ukunikezelwa kwemakethe ye-needle coke e-China yi-418000 yeetoni, kwaye ukungeniswa kwenaliti ye-coke e-China kufikelela kwiitoni ze-218000, kubalwa ngaphezu kwe-50%;esona sicelo singundoqo se-electrode yegraphite yi-Electric arc furnace steelmaking.
Ulwahlulo oluqhelekileyo lwe-graphite electrode lusekelwe kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye neekhemikhali zeemveliso ezigqityiweyo.Ngaphantsi kwalo mgangatho wokuhlela, i-electrode yegraphite inokwahlulwa ibe yi-electrode yegraphite yamandla aqhelekileyo, i-electrode yegraphite yamandla aphezulu kunye ne-ultra-high power graphite electrode.I-electrode ye-graphite enamandla ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo kwizinto eziluhlaza, i-electrode resistivity, i-elastic modulus, amandla e-flexural, i-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal, ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo bangoku kunye neendawo zokusetyenziswa.
1.2.Uphononongo lwembali yophuhliso lwegraphite electrode eTshayina
I-electrode yegraphite isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwintsimbi kunye nentsimbi yokunyibilikisa.Uphuhliso loshishino lwe-graphite electrode yaseTshayina luhambelana ngokusisiseko nenkqubo yokuphuculwa kweshishini lentsimbi nentsimbi yaseTshayina.I-electrode yegraphite e-China yaqala ngeminyaka yoo-1950, kwaye inamava amanqanaba amathathu okoko yazalwa
Imarike ye-graphite electrode kulindeleke ukuba ibuyele umva ngo-2021. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2020, esichatshazelwa yimeko yobhubhane, imfuno yasekhaya yehla ngokukhawuleza, imiyalelo yangaphandle ilibazisekile, kunye nenani elikhulu lemithombo yempahla ibe nefuthe kwimarike yasekhaya.NgoFebruwari 2020, ixabiso le-graphite electrode lenyuka ixesha elifutshane, kodwa kungekudala imfazwe yamaxabiso iye yaqina.Kulindeleke ukuba ngokufunyanwa kwakhona kweemarike zasekhaya nezangaphandle kunye nokukhula kweziko lombane lokunyibilikisa phantsi komgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya wokungathathi hlangothi, imakethi ye-graphite electrode kulindeleke ukuba ibuye umva.Ukusukela ngo-2020, ngexabiso le-electrode yegraphite ehlayo kwaye ithande ukuzinza, imfuno yangaphakathi yegraphite electrode ye-EAF steelmaking ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle we-ultra-high power graphite electrode ukhula ngokuthe ngcembe, ukuxinana kwemarike yegraphite yaseTshayina. Umzi-mveliso we-electrode uya kunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ishishini liya kukhula ngokuthe ngcembe.
2. unikezelo kunye nepateni yemfuno ye-graphite electrode kulindeleke ukuba ibuyele umva
2.1.Ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lehlabathi legraphite electrode kukhulu
Ukususela ngo-2014 ukuya ku-2016, ngenxa yokuncipha kwemfuno ye-electrode esezantsi, imarike ye-graphite electrode yehlabathi yehla, kwaye ixabiso le-graphite electrode lahlala liphantsi.Njengeyona nto iphambili ye-electrode yegraphite, ixabiso le-coke yenaliti lehla ukuya kwi-562.2 yeetoni nganye ngo-2016. Njengoko i-China ingumrhwebi womnatha we-coke yenaliti, imfuno ye-China inempembelelo enkulu kwixabiso le-coke yenaliti ngaphandle kwe-China.Ngomthamo wabavelisi be-electrode yegraphite ewela ngaphantsi komgca weendleko zokuvelisa ngo-2016, uluhlu lwentlalo lufikelele kwinqanaba eliphantsi.Ngo-2017, isiphelo somgaqo-nkqubo sirhoxisiwe isithando somlilo esiphakathi se-Di Tiao sentsimbi, kwaye isixa esikhulu sentsimbi esilahliweyo saya kutshona kwiziko lesityalo sentsimbi, nto leyo ebangele ukwanda ngesiquphe kwemfuno yoshishino lwegraphite electrode eChina kwisiqingatha sesibini 2017. Ukunyuka kwemfuno ye-graphite electrode kubangele ukuba ixabiso le-coke yenaliti likhuphuke ngokukhawuleza kwi-2017, kwaye lifikelele kwi-US $ 3769.9 ngetoni kwi-2019, i-5.7 ngamaxesha xa kuthelekiswa ne-2016.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, icala lomgaqo-nkqubo wasekhaya lixhasa kwaye likhokela inkqubo emfutshane yokwenza intsimbi ye-EAF endaweni yentsimbi yokuguqula, ekhuthaze ukwanda kwemfuno ye-graphite electrode kushishino lwentsimbi yaseTshayina.Ukusukela ngo-2017, imakethi yentsimbi ye-EAF yehlabathi ibuyile, ikhokelela ekunqongophelweni kobonelelo lwe-electrode yegraphite yehlabathi.Imfuno ye-graphite electrode ngaphandle kweChina inyuke ngokukhawuleza kwi-2017 kwaye ixabiso lifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu.Ukususela ngoko, ngenxa yotyalo-mali olugqithisileyo, imveliso kunye nokuthengwa, imarike inempahla eninzi kakhulu, kwaye ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-graphite electrode liye lehla ngo-2019. Ngo-2019, ixabiso le-electrode ye-graphite ye-uhhp yayizinzile kwi-US $ 8824.0 ngetoni, kodwa yahlala iphezulu kunexabiso lembali ngaphambi kwe2016.
Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2020, i-COVID-19 ikhokelele ekwehleni ngakumbi kwexabiso lokuthengisa eliphakathi kwee-electrode zegraphite, kwaye ixabiso le-coke yenaliti yasekhaya lehle ukusuka kwi-8000 yuan / ton ukuya kwi-4500 yuan / toni ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, okanye i-43.75% .Iindleko zokuvelisa i-coke yenaliti e-China yi-5000-6000 yuan / ton, kwaye abaninzi abavelisi bangaphantsi kwendawo yokulinganisa inzuzo kunye nelahleko.Ngokubuyiswa koqoqosho, ukuveliswa kunye nokuthengiswa kwee-electrode zegraphite eChina kuye kwaphuculwa ukususela ngo-Agasti, izinga lokuqala lentsimbi yesithando sombane ligcinwe kwi-65%, intshiseko yezityalo zetsimbi zokuthenga i-electrode yegraphite ikhulile, kwaye uluhlu lwemibuzo. kwimakethi yokuthumela ngaphandle iye yanda kancinci kancinci.Ixabiso le-electrode yegraphite nalo liyenyuka ukusukela ngoSeptemba ka-2020. Ixabiso le-electrode yegraphite linyuke ngokubanzi nge-500-1500 yuan / ton, kwaye ixabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle linyuke kakhulu.
Ukususela kwi-2021, echaphazelekayo yimeko yesifo kwiPhondo le-Hebei, izityalo ezininzi ze-graphite electrode zivaliwe kwaye izithuthi zokuthutha zilawulwa ngokungqongqo, kwaye i-electrode ye-graphite yendawo ayikwazi ukuthengiswa ngokuqhelekileyo.Ixabiso lemveliso eqhelekileyo kunye nephezulu yamandla kwimarike ye-electrode yasekhaya yegraphite iphezulu.Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokucaciswa kwe-uhp450mm kunye ne-30% yesiqulatho senaliti ye-coke kwimarike yi-15-15500 yuan / ton, kwaye ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-uhp600mm yokucaciswa yi-185-19500 yuan / ton, ukusuka kwi-500-2000 yuan / ton.Ixabiso elikhulayo lezinto eziluhlaza likwaxhasa ixabiso le-graphite electrode.Okwangoku, ixabiso lenaliti ye-coke kuchungechunge lwamalahle asekhaya limalunga ne-7000 yuan, uchungechunge lwe-oyile lumalunga ne-7800, kwaye ixabiso lokungenisa li malunga ne-1500 yeedola zase-US.Ngokolwazi lweBachuan, abanye abavelisi abaqhelekileyo bayalele umthombo wempahla ngoFebruwari.Ngenxa yogcino olusembindini lwababoneleli abakhulu bemathiriyeli ekrwada ekhaya naphesheya ngo-Epreli, kulindeleke ukuba i-electrode yegraphite ka-2021 isenayo indawo yokunyuka kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka.Nangona kunjalo, ngokunyuka kweendleko, ukuphela kwemfuno yokunyibilikisa kwesithando sombane esisezantsi kuya kuba buthathaka, kwaye ixabiso le-graphite electrode kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka kulindeleke ukuba lihlale lizinzile.
2.2.indawo yokukhula yomgangatho ophezulu wasekhaya kunye ne-ultra high power graphite electrode inkulu
Imveliso ye-electrode yegraphite kumazwe aphesheya iyancipha, kwaye umthamo wemveliso ubukhulu becala yi-ultrahigh power graphite electrode.Ukususela ngowama-2014 ukuya ku-2019, imveliso ye-electrode yehlabathi jikelele (ngaphandle kweTshayina) yehlile ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-800000 ukuya kwi-710000 yeetoni, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka eliyi-2.4%.Ngenxa yokuchithwa kwezityalo eziphantsi kwamandla, ukulungiswa kwexesha elide lokusingqongileyo kunye nokwakhiwa kwakhona, amandla kunye nemveliso ngaphandle kweTshayina iyaqhubeka iyancipha, kwaye ikhefu phakathi kokuphuma kunye nokusetyenziswa lizaliswe ngama-electrode egraphite athunyelwa yiChina.Ukusuka kulwakhiwo lwemveliso, imveliso ye-electrode yegraphite yamandla aphezulu kakhulu phesheya kolwandle ibalelwa malunga ne-90% yetotali yemveliso yazo zonke iielectrode zegraphite (ngaphandle kweTshayina).Umgangatho ophezulu kunye ne-ultra-high power graphite electrode isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yensimbi engenasici kunye nentsimbi ekhethekileyo.Umenzi ufuna izalathisi eziphezulu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ezifana nokuxinana, ukuxhathisa kunye nomxholo womlotha wezo electrode.
Imveliso ye-electrode yegraphite e-China iqhubekile nokunyuka, kwaye amandla okwenza umgangatho ophezulu kunye ne-ultra high power graphite electrode ilinganiselwe.Imveliso ye-electrode yegraphite e-China yehle ukusuka kwi-570000 yeetoni ngo-2014 ukuya kwi-500000 yeetoni ngo-2016. Imveliso yase-China iye yaphinda yavela ukususela ngo-2017 kwaye yafikelela kwi-800000 yeetoni ngo-2019. -amandla okuvelisa i-electrode electrode, kodwa umgangatho ophezulu kunye ne-ultra-high-power graphite, amandla okuvelisa asekhaya anqongophele kakhulu.Ngo-2019, imveliso ye-electrode ye-electrode yaseTshayina ekumgangatho ophezulu we-ultra-high-power yi-86000 yeetoni kuphela, ibalwa malunga ne-10% yesiphumo esipheleleyo, esahluke kakhulu kubume beemveliso ze-electrode zangaphandle.
Ukususela kumbono wemfuno, ukusetyenziswa kwe-electrode yegraphite emhlabeni (ngaphandle kweChina) kwi-2014-2019 ihlala ikhulu kunemveliso, kwaye emva kwe-2017, ukusetyenziswa kwanda ngonyaka.Ngo-2019, ukusetyenziswa kwee-electrode zegraphite emhlabeni (ngaphandle kweTshayina) yayiziitoni ezingama-890000.Ukususela ngo-2014 ukuya ku-2015, ukusetyenziswa kwee-electrode zegraphite e-China kwehle ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-390000 ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-360000, kwaye ukuveliswa kwee-electrode zegraphite ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye ne-ultra-high-high-high-high-high-high-power graphite yehla ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-23800 ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-20300.Ukususela ngo-2016 ukuya ku-2017, ngenxa yokuchacha ngokuthe ngcembe kwamandla emarike yentsimbi e-China, umlinganiselo we-EAF steelmaking uyanda.Okwangoku, inani lee-EAF eziphezulu ezisetyenziswa ngabavelisi bentsimbi landa.Imfuno yomgangatho ophezulu we-electrode yegraphite ekumgangatho ophezulu inyuke yaya kutsho kwi-580000 yeetoni ngo-2019, apho, imfuno yomgangatho ophezulu womgangatho ophezulu womgangatho ophezulu we-electrode yegraphite ifikelela kwiitoni ezingama-66300, kwaye iCAGR ngo-2017-2019 ifikelela kuma-68% .I-electrode yegraphite (ingakumbi i-electrode yegraphite yamandla aphezulu) kulindeleke ukuba ihlangabezane nemfuno ye-resonance eqhutywa kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nemveliso elinganiselweyo ekupheleni konikezelo kunye nokungena kwentsimbi yesithando somlilo ekupheleni kwemfuno.
3. ukukhula kwenkqubo emfutshane yokunyibilikisa iqhuba uphuhliso lwe-electrode yegraphite
3.1.imfuno yesithando somlilo esitsha sombane ukuqhuba i-graphite electrode
Ishishini lentsimbi lelinye lamashishini eentsika zophuhliso loluntu kunye nenkqubela phambili.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada yehlabathi igcine ukukhula okuthe chu.Intsimbi isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimoto, ulwakhiwo, ukupakishwa kunye neshishini likaloliwe, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi kwihlabathi jikelele kuye kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe.Ngelo xesha, umgangatho weemveliso zetsimbi uphuculwe kwaye imimiselo yokukhusela indalo iyanda.Abanye abavelisi bentsimbi baphendukela kwi-arc furnace steel production, ngelixa i-graphite electrode ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-arc furnace, ngaloo ndlela iphucula iimfuno zomgangatho we-graphite electrode.Ukunyibilika kwentsimbi kunye nentsimbi yeyona ndawo iphambili yokusetyenziswa kwe-electrode yegraphite, ibalwa malunga ne-80% yokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwe-graphite electrode.Kwi-iron kunye ne-smelting yensimbi, i-akhawunti ye-steelmaking yesithando sombane malunga ne-50% yokusetyenziswa iyonke ye-graphite electrode, kunye nokusulungekiswa kwangaphandle kwesithando somlilo ngaphezu kwe-25% yokusetyenziswa kwe-graphite electrode.Ehlabathini, ngo-2015, ipesenti yemveliso yentsimbi ekrwada iyonke emhlabeni yayiyi-25.2%, 62.7%, 39.4% kunye ne-22.9% ngokulandelanayo eUnited States, amazwe angama-27 e-European Union kunye neJapan, ngelixa ngo-2015, Imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada yesithando sombane yaseTshayina ibalelwa kwi-5.9%, eyayiphantsi kakhulu kunomgangatho wehlabathi.Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iteknoloji yenkqubo emfutshane ineenzuzo ezicacileyo phezu kwenkqubo ende.Ishishini elikhethekileyo lentsimbi kunye ne-EAF njengezona zixhobo ziphambili zokuvelisa kulindeleke ukuba ziphuhlise ngokukhawuleza.Izixhobo ezilahliweyo zezinto eziluhlaza zentsimbi ye-EAF ziya kuba nesithuba esikhulu sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo.Ke ngoko, ukwenziwa kwentsimbi ye-EAF kulindeleke ukuba kuphuhle ngokukhawuleza, oko konyusa imfuno yegraphite electrode.Ukusuka kwimbono yobugcisa, i-EAF sisixhobo esingundoqo se-steel-process short-process.Inkqubo emfutshane ye-steelmaking technology ineenzuzo ezicacileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemveliso, ukukhuselwa kwendalo, iindleko zotyalo-mali lokwakhiwa kwenkunzi kunye nokuguquguquka kwenkqubo;ukusuka ezantsi, malunga ne-70% yensimbi ekhethekileyo kunye ne-100% yensimbi ephezulu ye-alloy e-China iveliswa yi-arc furnace.Kwi-2016, imveliso yensimbi ekhethekileyo e-China yi-1/5 kuphela ye-Japan, kwaye iimveliso zetsimbi eziphakamileyo eziphezulu ziveliswa kuphela eJapan Umlinganiselo we-1 / 8 kuphela we-Japan.Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwentsimbi ekhethekileyo e-China luya kuqhuba ukuphuhliswa kwe-graphite electrode yentsimbi yesithando sombane kunye nesithando sombane;ngoko ke, ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zetsimbi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-scrap e-China kunendawo enkulu yophuhliso, kwaye isiseko sobutyebi bexesha elifutshane lokwenza isinyithi kwixesha elizayo sinamandla.
Imveliso ye-electrode yegraphite ihambelana nokutshintsha kwemveliso yentsimbi yesithando somlilo.Ukunyuka kwemveliso yentsimbi yesithando somlilo kuya kuqhuba imfuno ye-graphite electrode kwixesha elizayo.Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-iron kunye ne-Steel Association kunye ne-China Carbon Industry Association, imveliso yentsimbi yesithando sombane e-China ngo-2019 yi-127.4 yezigidi zeetoni, kwaye imveliso ye-graphite electrode yi-7421000 yeetoni.Imveliso kunye nesantya sokukhula kwe-electrode yegraphite e-China ihambelana ngokusondeleyo nemveliso kunye nesantya sokukhula kwentsimbi yesithando sombane e-China.Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga imveliso, imveliso yentsimbi yeziko lombane ngo-2011 yafikelela kwincopho yayo, emva koko yehla unyaka nonyaka, kwaye imveliso ye-graphite electrode eChina nayo yancipha ngonyaka emva ko-2011. Ngo-2016, uMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye nolwazi. ubuchwepheshe bungene malunga nama-205 amashishini ombane okwenza intsimbi, kunye nemveliso yeetoni ezizigidi ezingama-45, ezibalelwa kwi-6.72% yemveliso yesizwe yentsimbi ekrwada kulo nyaka.Kwi-2017, i-127 entsha yongezwa, kunye nemveliso yeetoni ze-75million, ezibalelwa kwi-9.32% yemveliso yentsimbi ekrwada yonke kunyaka ofanayo;kwi-2018, i-34 entsha yongezwa, kunye nemveliso ye-100 yezigidi zeetoni, i-akhawunti ye-11% yemveliso yentsimbi ekrwada iyonke kulo nyaka;ngo-2019, amaziko ombane angaphantsi kwe-50t apheliswa, kwaye ezisanda kwakhiwa kunye nemveliso zombane zombane e-China zazingaphezulu kwama-355, zibalwa ngokomlinganiselo Ifikelele kwi-12.8%.Umyinge we-steelmaking yesithando sombane e-China usengaphantsi komyinge wehlabathi, kodwa umsantsa uqala ukucutha kancinci kancinci.Ukusuka kwizinga lokukhula, imveliso ye-electrode yegraphite ibonisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokwehla.Ngo-2015, ukuhla kwemveliso yensimbi yesithando sombane kuyancipha, kwaye imveliso ye-graphite electrode iyancipha.Umlinganiselo wemveliso yentsimbi kwixesha elizayo uya kuba mkhulu, oya kuqhuba isithuba semfuno yexesha elizayo ye-graphite electrode yesithando sombane.
Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo wokulungelelaniswa kweshishini lensimbi ekhutshwe nguMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi, kucetywa ngokucacileyo ukuba "kukhuthaze ukukhuthazwa kwenkqubo yokwenza isinyithi esifutshane kunye nesicelo sezixhobo kunye nentsimbi ye-scrap njengento ekrwada.Ngo-2025, umlinganiselo we-steel-making scrap yamashishini ensimbi yaseTshayina ayiyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-30%.Ngophuhliso lwesicwangciso se-14 seminyaka emihlanu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kulindeleke ukuba umlinganiselo wenkqubo emfutshane uya kuphucula ngakumbi imfuno ye-graphite electrode, imathiriyeli engundoqo emantla.
Ngaphandle kweTshayina, amazwe amakhulu avelisa intsimbi ehlabathini, anje nge-United States, iJapan kunye noMzantsi Korea, ubukhulu becala awenziwe ngentsimbi yombane, efuna i-electrode engaphezulu yegraphite, ngelixa amandla e-graphite electrode yaseTshayina enza ngaphezulu kwama-50% ehlabathi jikelele. umthamo, nto leyo eyenza i-China ibe ngumthumeli ngaphandle kwe-electrode yegraphite.Ngo-2018, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwe-graphite electrode yase-China ufikelele kwiitoni ezingama-287000, ukwanda kwe-21.11% unyaka nonyaka, ukugcina indlela yokukhula, kunye nokunyuka okubalulekileyo iminyaka emithathu ilandelelana.Kulindeleke ukuba umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwe-electrode yegraphite e-China unyuke uye kutsho kwiitoni ezingama-398000 ngowama-2023, kunye nesantya sokukhula sonyaka esiyi-5.5%.Ngenxa yokuphuculwa kwenqanaba lobugcisa bolu shishino, iimveliso ze-electrode zaseTshayina ziye zaqatshelwa ngokuthe ngcembe zaza zamkelwa ngabathengi baphesheya kweelwandle, kwaye ingeniso yokuthengisa phesheya yamashishini aseTshayina egraphite electrode inyuke kakhulu.Ukuthatha ushishino oluphambili lwegraphite electrode eTshayina njengomzekelo, ngophuculo lulonke lweshishini legraphite electrode, ngenxa yokhuphiswano olunamandla lwemveliso, iFangda carbon iyinyuse kakhulu ingeniso yaphesheya yoshishino lwegraphite electrode kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo.Intengiso yaphesheya kweelwandle inyuke ukusuka kwi-430 yezigidi zeeyuan ngexesha eliphantsi loshishino lwegraphite electrode ngo-2016 ukuya ku-2018, ingeniso yaphesheya yoshishino lwegraphite electrode ibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-30% yengeniso iyonke yenkampani, kwaye idigri ye-Internationalization ibisanda. .Ngophuculo oluqhubekayo lwenqanaba lobugcisa kunye nokukhuphisana kwemveliso yoshishino lwe-graphite electrode yaseTshayina, i-electrode yegraphite yaseTshayina iya kuqatshelwa kwaye ithenjwe ngabathengi baphesheya kweelwandle.Umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwe-electrode yegraphite kulindeleke ukuba unyuke ngakumbi, oya kuba yinto ephambili yokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-electrode yegraphite e-China.
3.2.impembelelo yomgaqo-nkqubo wokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kwimeko yobhubhane ibangela ukuba unikezelo lwe-graphite electrode lube lukhuni
Ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yenkqubo ende yenkqubo emfutshane yokwenza isinyithi kwisithando sombane sincitshiswa.Ngokutsho kwesicwangciso se-13 seminyaka emihlanu yoshishino lwensimbi yenkunkuma, xa kuthelekiswa nokwenza isinyithi sentsimbi, ukukhutshwa kweetoni ze-1.6 ze-carbon dioxide kunye neetoni ezi-3 zenkunkuma eqinile zingancitshiswa ngokusebenzisa i-1 toni ye-steelmaking steel.Uluhlu lweenkqubo ezibandakanyekayo kwishishini lentsimbi kunye nentsimbi.Inkqubo nganye iya kutyhutyha uthotho lweenguqulelo zemichiza nezomzimba.Kwangaxeshanye, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentsalela kunye nenkunkuma ziya kukhutshelwa ngelixa iimveliso ezifunekayo ziveliswa.Ngokubala, sinokufumanisa ukuba xa imveliso efanayo ye-1 ton slab / billet, inkqubo ende equlethe inkqubo ye-sintering iya kukhupha izinto ezingcolileyo, okwesibini kwinkqubo ende yenkqubo ye-pellet, ngelixa ukungcola kukhutshwe yi-steelmaking yexesha elifutshane. ziphantsi kakhulu kunezo zenkqubo ende kunye nenkqubo ye-sintering kunye nenkqubo ende equlethe i-pellet, ebonisa ukuba inkqubo ye-steelmaking yexesha elifutshane inobubele ngakumbi kwindalo.Ukuze uphumelele idabi lokhuselo lwesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza, amaphondo amaninzi eTshayina akhuphe isaziso sencopho yemveliso eyothusayo ebusika nasentwasahlobo, kwaye enze amalungiselelo emveliso yamashishini aphambili anxulumene negesi njengentsimbi, i-nonferrous, coking, ishishini lemichiza, ukwakha. izixhobo kunye nokuphosa.Phakathi kwazo, ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko lwamashishini ekhabhoni kunye ne-ferroalloy apho i-electrode yegraphite ingaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezifanelekileyo, amanye amaphondo acebise ngokucacileyo ukuba uthintelo lwemveliso okanye ukumiswa kwemveliso kuya kuphunyezwa ngokweyona meko.
3.3.indlela yokubonelela kunye nemfuno ye-electrode yegraphite iyatshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe
Inoveli coronavirus inyumoniya ebangelwe kukudodobala koqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nempembelelo ethile yokhuselo kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2020, yenze i-graphite electrode zombini kwimfuno yentengiso yasekhaya neyangaphandle kunye nexabiso lentengiso lehla, kwaye amashishini egraphite electrode kushishino anciphisa imveliso, ayeka ukuvelisa kunye. wenze ilahleko.Kwixesha elifutshane neliphakathi, ukongeza kulindelo lwaseTshayina ekuphuculeni imfuno yegraphite electrode, umthamo wegraphite electrode yaphesheya kolwandle unokuthintelwa phantsi kwempembelelo yobhubhane, nto leyo eya kuyenza mandundu ngakumbi imeko yonikezelo lwegrafu. i-electrode.
Ukusukela kwikota yesine ka-2020, uluhlu lwe-graphite electrode luye lwahla ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye izinga lokuqalisa ishishini liye landa.Ukusukela ngo-2019, unikezelo lulonke lwe-electrode yegraphite eTshayina belugqithise kakhulu, kwaye amashishini egraphite electrode nawo alawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuqala.Nangona ukudodobala koqoqosho lwehlabathi ngo-2020, iimpembelelo zentsimbi zangaphandle ezichatshazelwe yi-COVID-19 zihlala ziqhuba, kodwa imveliso yentsimbi ekrwada yase China ihlala ikhula ngokuzinzileyo.Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lemarike ye-electrode yegraphite ichatshazelwa kunikezelo lwemarike ngakumbi, kwaye ixabiso liyaqhubeka nokuhla, kwaye amashishini egraphite electrode alahlekelwe kakhulu.Amanye amashishini amakhulu e-electrode electrode e-China asebenzise kakhulu uluhlu lwempahla ngo-Epreli nangoMeyi ka-2020. Okwangoku, unikezelo kunye nemfuno yemalike ephezulu ephezulu kunye nenkulu ikufutshane nendawo yokubonelela kunye nebango lokulinganisa.Nokuba imfuno ihlala ingatshintshi, usuku lonikezelo olumandla kunye nemfuno luya kufika kungekudala.
Ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kokusetyenziswa kwe-scrap kukhuthaza imfuno.Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ye-scrap kunyuke ukusuka kwi-88.29 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2014 ukuya kwi-18781 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2018, kwaye i-CAGR ifikelele kwi-20.8%.Ngokuvulwa komgaqo-nkqubo kazwelonke wokungenisa isinyithi esilahliweyo kunye nokwandiswa komlinganiselo wokunyibilikiswa kwesithando sombane, kulindeleke ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwesinyithi esilahliweyo kuya kuhlala kunyuka ngokukhawuleza.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokuba ixabiso lentsimbi ye-scrap lichaphazeleka kakhulu yimfuno yaphesheya, ixabiso le-scrap yaphesheya linyuke kakhulu kwisiqingatha sesibini se-2020 ngenxa yempembelelo ye-China yokuqala yokungenisa i-scrap.Okwangoku, ixabiso lentsimbi ye-scrap kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kwaye sele iqalile ukufowunelwa ukususela ngo-2021. Ukuncipha kweemfuno ezibangelwa yimpembelelo yemeko yobhubhane kumazwe angaphandle kulindeleke ukuba kuqhubeke kuchaphazela ukuhla kwentsimbi ye-scrap.Kulindeleke ukuba ixabiso lentsimbi ye-scrap liya kuqhubeka lichaphazeleka kwisiqingatha sokuqala se-2021 I-lattice iya kuba yi-oscillating kwaye ihla, ekwanceda ekuphuculeni izinga lokuqalisa kwesithando somlilo kunye nemfuno ye-graphite electrode.
Iyonke imfuno yentsimbi yesithando somlilo sombane kunye nentsimbi engeyiyo yesithando somlilo ngo-2019 nango-2020 ziitoni ezingama-1376800 kunye ne-14723 yezigidi zeetoni ngokulandelelanayo.Kuqikelelwa ukuba imfuno epheleleyo yehlabathi iya kunyuka ngakumbi kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo, kwaye ifike kwi-2.1444 yezigidi zeetoni kwi-2025. Imfuno yentsimbi yesithando somlilo ibala uninzi lwazo.Kuqikelelwa ukuba imfuno iya kufikelela kwi-1.8995 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2025.
Imfuno yehlabathi yee-electrode zegraphite ngo-2019 nango-2020 yi-1376800 yeetoni kunye ne-14723 yezigidi zeetoni ngokulandelelanayo.Kuqikelelwa ukuba imfuno epheleleyo yehlabathi iya kunyuka ngakumbi kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ifike kwi-2.1444 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2025. Okwangoku, ngo-2021 kunye no-2022, ukunikezelwa kwehlabathi jikelele kwe-graphite electrode kwakungaphezu kwe-267 kunye ne-16000 yeetoni ngokulandelanayo.Emva kwe-2023, kuya kubakho ukunqongophala kokubonelela, kunye ne-gap -17900 tons, 39000 tons kunye ne-24000 tons.
Ngo-2019 nango-2020, imfuno yehlabathi ye-UHP graphite electrode yi-9087000 yeetoni kunye ne-986400 yeetoni ngokulandelelanayo.Kuqikelelwa ukuba imfuno epheleleyo yehlabathi iya kunyuka ngakumbi kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo, kwaye ifikelele malunga ne-1.608 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2025. Okwangoku, ngo-2021 kunye no-2022, ukunikezelwa kwehlabathi jikelele kwee-electrode zegraphite kwakungaphezu kwe-775 kunye ne-61500 yeetoni ngokulandelelanayo.Emva kwe-2023, kuya kubakho ukunqongophala kokubonelela, kunye ne-gap -08000 tons, 26300 tons kunye -67300 tons.
Ukususela kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2020 ukuya kuJanuwari 2021, ixabiso lehlabathi jikelele le-ultra-high-power graphite electrode liye lehla ukusuka kwi-27000 / t ukuya kwi-24000 / T. ngexabiso langoku.Ngo-2021, imfuno yehlabathi ye-ultra-high-high-power graphite electrode iya kunyuka ngakumbi, ngakumbi ukufudumeza kwamanye amazwe kulindeleke ukuba kuqhubeke ukutsala imfuno ye-ultra-high-power graphite, kunye nesantya sokuqalisa i-electrode electrode iya kuqhubeka nokunyuka.Kulindeleke ukuba ixabiso le-electrode ye-graphite ye-UHP ngo-2021 iya kunyuswa ukuya kwi-26000 / t ngesiqingatha sesibini sonyaka, kwaye inzuzo iya kunyuswa ukuya kwi-3922-4067 yuan / ton.Ngokunyuka okuqhubekayo kwemfuno epheleleyo ye-ultra-high power graphite electrode kwixesha elizayo, indawo yenzuzo iya kwandiswa ngakumbi.
Ukusukela ngoJanuwari2021, ixabiso lehlabathi jikelele lamandla aqhelekileyo egraphite electrode yi-11500-12500 yuan / ton.Ngokwexabiso langoku kunye nexabiso lemarike, inzuzo ye-electrode yegraphite eqhelekileyo iqikelelwa ukuba yi-264-1404 yuan / ton, esekho kwimeko yokulahlekelwa.Ixabiso langoku le-electrode yegraphite enamandla aqhelekileyo linyukile ukusuka kwi-10000 yuan / ton kwikota yesithathu ka-2020 ukuya kwi-12500 yuan / T. kunye nokubuyiswa ngokuthe ngcembe koqoqosho lwehlabathi, ngakumbi phantsi komgaqo-nkqubo we-carbon neutralization, imfuno yensimbi yesithando somlilo ikhawuleza. ukwanda, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ye-scrap kuqhubeka nokunyuka, kunye nemfuno ye-electrode yegraphite eqhelekileyo nayo iya kunyuka kakhulu.Kulindeleke ukuba ixabiso le-graphite electrode elinamandla aqhelekileyo liya kuphakanyiswa ngaphezu kweendleko kwikota yesithathu ka-2021, kwaye inzuzo iya kufumaneka.Ngemfuno yehlabathi yee-electrode zegraphite zamandla ngokubanzi ngokuqhubekayo ngokunyuka kwixesha elizayo, indawo yenzuzo iya kwanda ngokuthe ngcembe.
4. iphethini yokhuphiswano loshishino lwegraphite electrode eChina
Ukufikelela kumbindi weshishini le-electrode yegraphite ngabavelisi be-electrode begraphite, kunye namashishini abucala njengabathathi-nxaxheba.Imveliso ye-electrode yaseTshayina yenza malunga nama-50% emveliso yee-electrode zehlabathi.Njengeshishini eliphambili kushishino lwegraphite electrode yaseTshayina, isabelo semarike yesikweri se-carbon graphite electrode e-China singaphezulu kwama-20%, kwaye umthamo we-electrode yegraphite ngowesithathu kwihlabathi.Ngokomgangatho wemveliso, amashishini ayintloko kwishishini le-graphite electrode e-China anokhuphiswano olomeleleyo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye iinkcukacha zobugcisa beemveliso zifikelela kwinqanaba leemveliso ezifanayo zamazwe angaphandle.Kukho i-delamination kwimarike yegraphite electrode.Imakethi ye-ultra-high-power graphite electrode ithathwa ikakhulu ngamashishini aphezulu kushishino, kwaye amashishini amane aphezulu athatha ngaphezulu kwe-80% yesabelo semakethi ye-UHP graphite electrode market, kunye nokugxininiswa kolu shishino ngokwenani. ngokucacileyo.
Kwimakethi ye-electrode electrode ye-ultra-high, amashishini amakhulu egraphite electrode kumbindi afikelelayo anamandla othethathethwano olomeleleyo kwishishini lokwenza intsimbi esezantsi, kwaye afuna ukuba abathengi abasezantsi bahlawule ukuhambisa iimpahla ngaphandle kokubonelela ngexesha le-akhawunti.Amandla aphezulu kunye namandla aqhelekileyo eeelectrode zegraphite anomda wobugcisa ophantsi ngokwentelekiso, ukhuphiswano olumandla lwemarike kunye nokhuphiswano olubalaseleyo lwamaxabiso.Kumandla aphezulu kunye nombane oqhelekileyo we-electrode ye-electrode kwimarike, ejongene neshishini lokwenza intsimbi enogxininiso oluphezulu ezantsi komsinga, amashishini amancinci naphakathi aphakathi anamandla othethathethwano olungenamandla ukuya ezantsi, ukuze abonelele abathengi ixesha le-akhawunti okanye nokuba ukunciphisa amaxabiso ukuze bakhuphisane kwimarike.Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuqina kokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, umthamo wamashishini aphakathi anqongophele kakhulu, kwaye izinga lokusebenzisa umthamo lilonke kwishishini lingaphantsi kwama-70%.Amanye amashishini ade abonakale engumkhwa wokuyalelwa ukuba ayeke ukuvelisa ngokungenasiphelo.Ukuba ukuchuma kweshishini lokunyibilikisa intsimbi, iphosphorus emthubi kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso ezantsi kwe-electrode yegraphite ziyehla, imfuno yemalike yegraphite electrode iyancipha, kwaye ixabiso legraphite electrode alinyuki kakhulu, ukunyuka kweendleko zokusebenza kuya kukhokelela. ekusindeni kwamashishini amancinci naphakathi ngaphandle kokhuphiswano olungundoqo, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe aphume emarikeni okanye afunyanwe ngama-electrode amakhulu egraphite okanye amashishini entsimbi.
Emva kwe-2017, ngokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kweenzuzo kwi-steelmaking yesithando sombane, imfuno kunye nexabiso le-graphite electrode ye-electric furnace-making consumables nayo yanda ngokukhawuleza.Ingeniso ye-gross ye-graphite electrode industry inyuke kakhulu.Amashishini akwishishini andise isikali semveliso yawo.Amanye amashishini ayeke ukuthengisa aqaliswa ukusebenza ngokuthe ngcembe.Ukususela kwisiphumo esipheleleyo se-graphite electrode, ukuxinwa koshishino kwehlile.Ukuthatha i-square carbon ekhokelayo ye-graphite electrode njengomzekelo, isabelo sayo semarike siphela sehlile ukusuka malunga nama-30% ngo-2016 ukuya malunga ne-25% ngo-2018. yahlulahlulwe.Ngenxa yeemfuno eziphezulu zobugcisa ze-electrode yegraphite ye-ultra-high-power, isabelo semarike yeemveliso zamandla aphezulu kakhulu siphuculwa ngakumbi ngokukhulula umthamo wemveliso yamashishini ayintloko amashishini anamandla obugcisa ahambelanayo, kunye ne-akhawunti yamashishini amane aphezulu ngaphezulu kwe-80% yesabelo semarike yeemveliso zamandla aphezulu.Ngokubhekiselele kumandla aqhelekileyo kunye ne-electrode ephezulu yegraphite eneemfuno zobugcisa obuphantsi, ukhuphiswano kwimarike luqiniswa ngokuthe ngcembe ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwakhona kwamashishini amancinci naphakathi anamandla obugcisa abuthathaka kunye nokwandiswa kwemveliso.
Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yophuhliso, ngokungeniswa kobugcisa bokuvelisa i-electrode yegraphite, amashishini amakhulu e-graphite electrode e-China aye asebenzisa itekhnoloji engundoqo yokuvelisa i-electrode yegraphite.Itekhnoloji yemveliso kunye nenqanaba letekhnoloji yegraphite electrode ithelekiseka naleyo yabakhuphisana baphesheya kweelwandle, kunye neenzuzo zokusebenza kweendleko eziphezulu, amashishini aseTshayina egraphite electrode aya edlala indima ebalulekileyo kukhuphiswano lwemalike yehlabathi.
5. iingcebiso zotyalo-mali
Ekupheleni konikezelo, ingxinano yeshishini le-electrode yegraphite isenayo indawo yokuphucula, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nomda wemveliso wonyusa umlinganiselo wokwenziwa kwentsimbi yesithando sombane, kwaye uphuhliso lulonke loshishino lwegraphite electrode lulungile.Kwicala lemfuno, ngenxa yokuphucula imveliso kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ikamva le-100-150 yeetoni ze-UHP EAF lukhokelo lophuhliso oluqhelekileyo, kunye nophuhliso lwe-UHP EAF yindlela eqhelekileyo.Njengenye yezona zinto ziphambili ze-UHP EAF, imfuno ye-electrode yegraphite ye-ultra-high-power kulindeleke ukuba inyuke ngakumbi.
Ukuchuma kweshishini le-graphite electrode kwehlile kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo.Ukusebenza kweenkampani zasekhaya ezikhokelayo zegraphite electrode zehle kakhulu ngo-2020. Ushishino lulonke lukwinqanaba lolindelo oluphantsi kunye nokungaxabiseki.Nangona kunjalo, sikholelwa ukuba ngokuphuculwa kwezinto ezisisiseko kwishishini kunye nokubuya ngokuthe ngcembe kwexabiso le-graphite electrode ukuya kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, ukusebenza kwamashishini ahamba phambili kwishishini kuya kuzuza ngokupheleleyo kwi-rebound ye-bottom ye-graphite. imarike electrode.Kwixesha elizayo, i-China inendawo enkulu yokuphuhliswa kwe-steelmaking emfutshane, eya kuzuza ukuphuhliswa kwe-graphite electrode ye-EAF emfutshane.Kucetyiswa ukuba amashishini ahamba phambili kwintsimi ye-graphite electrode kufuneka agxininise.
6. iingcebiso zomngcipheko
Umyinge weshishini lokwenza intsimbi yombane eTshayina awukho njengoko kulindelekile, kwaye ixabiso lezinto eziluhlaza zegraphite electrode liguquguquka kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-13-2021