Makampani opanga zinthu zamagetsi oipa akulandira kusintha kwatsopano kwa msika.
Kupindula ndi kukula kwa msika wa mabatire amphamvu ku China, kutumiza zinthu za anode ku China komanso mtengo wake unakwera mu 2018, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti makampani opanga zinthu za anode akule.
Komabe, chifukwa cha thandizo la ndalama zothandizira, mpikisano wamsika, kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu zopangira ndi kutsika kwa mitengo ya zinthu, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangira zinthu za anode pamsika kwawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo kugawanika kwa makampani kwalowa mu gawo latsopano.
Pakadali pano, pamene makampani akulowa mu gawo la "kuchepetsa mtengo ndi kukweza ubwino", zinthu zapamwamba za graphite zachilengedwe ndi graphite zopangira zimatha kufulumizitsa kusintha kwa zinthu zotsika mtengo za anode, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpikisano wamsika wa makampani opanga zinthu za anode ukwere.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro opingasa, makampani omwe ali ndi zida zamagetsi kapena makampani omwe alembedwa kapena ma IPO odziyimira pawokha akufuna thandizo kuti apeze thandizo la ndalama, zomwe zimathandiza makampani kukulitsa mphamvu zopangira ndikupanga zinthu zatsopano. Kupanga makampani ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati a anode omwe alibe ubwino wopikisana nawo paubwino wazinthu ndi ukadaulo komanso makasitomala kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Kuchokera kumbali yowongoka, kuti akonze ubwino ndikuchepetsa ndalama, makampani opanga zinthu zamagetsi olakwika akulitsa mphamvu zawo zopangira ndikufikira kumakampani opanga ma graphitization, kuchepetsa ndalama kudzera mu kukulitsa mphamvu ndi kukulitsa njira zopangira, ndikuwonjezera mpikisano wawo.
Mosakayikira, kuphatikizana ndi kugula ndi kuphatikiza zinthu pakati pa mafakitale ndi kukulitsa makampani opanga zithunzi zodzipangira okha mosakayikira kudzachepetsa omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamsika, kufulumizitsa kuchotsa ofooka, ndikuwononga pang'onopang'ono machitidwe ampikisano "atatu akuluakulu ndi ang'onoang'ono" opangidwa ndi zinthu zoyipa. Kupikisana pamsika wa anode wa pulasitiki.
Kupikisana pa kapangidwe ka graphitization
Pakadali pano, mpikisano m'makampani opanga zinthu za anode m'dziko muno ukadali woopsa kwambiri. Pali mpikisano pakati pa makampani oyamba kuti atenge udindo wotsogola. Palinso magulu achiwiri omwe akukulitsa mphamvu zawo mwachangu. Mumathamangitsana kuti muchepetse mpikisano ndi makampani oyamba. Zina mwa zovuta zomwe zingachitike kuchokera kwa opikisana nawo atsopano.
Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa mabatire amagetsi pamsika, gawo la msika wa graphite wopangidwa likupitilirabe kukwera kuti lipereke kufunikira kwa kukulitsa mphamvu zamakampani a anode.
Kuyambira mu 2018, mapulojekiti akuluakulu am'nyumba omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu za anode akhala akugwira ntchito motsatizana, ndipo kukula kwa mphamvu yopangira munthu aliyense kwafika matani 50,000 kapena matani 100,000 pachaka, makamaka kutengera mapulojekiti opanga graphite.
Pakati pawo, makampani ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi magawo oyamba amalimbitsanso malo awo pamsika ndikuchepetsa ndalama powonjezera mphamvu zawo zopangira. Makampani ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi magawo awiriwa akuyandikira kwambiri magawo oyamba kudzera mu kukulitsa mphamvu, koma akusowa thandizo lokwanira la ndalama komanso kusowa mpikisano muzinthu zatsopano ndi ukadaulo.
Makampani oyamba ndi achiwiri, kuphatikizapo Beitray, Shanshan Technology, Jiangxi Zijing, Kaijin Energy, Xiangfenghua, Shenzhen Snow, ndi Jiangxi Zhengtuo, komanso atsopano, awonjezera mphamvu zawo zopangira zinthu ngati malo olowera kuti apititse patsogolo mpikisano wawo. Malo omanga luso makamaka ali ku Inner Mongolia kapena Northwest.
Kuyika zithunzi pa graphitization kumawononga pafupifupi 50% ya mtengo wa zinthu za anode, nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a subcontracting. Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira ndikuwonjezera phindu la zinthu, makampani opanga zinthu za anode apanga njira yawo yopangira zithunzi pa graphitization ngati njira yabwino yowonjezerera mpikisano wawo.
Mu Inner Mongolia, chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri komanso mtengo wotsika wamagetsi wa 0.36 yuan / KWh (osachepera 0.26 yuan / KWh), yakhala malo osankhidwa kwambiri opangira graphite ku kampani ya negative electrode. Kuphatikiza Shanshan, Jiangxi Zijing, Shenzhen Snow, Dongguan Kaijin, Xinxin New Materials, Guangrui New Energy, ndi zina zotero, zonse zili ndi mphamvu ya graphitization ku Inner Mongolia.
Mphamvu yatsopano yopangira idzatulutsidwa kuyambira mu 2018. Akuyembekezeka kuti mphamvu yopangira graphitization ku Inner Mongolia idzatulutsidwa mu 2019, ndipo ndalama zoyendetsera graphitization zidzatsika.
Pa Ogasiti 3, ntchito yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopangira zinthu za lithiamu batire - Shanshan Technology yopanga matani 100,000 a zinthu za anode pachaka idakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo ku Qingshan District, Baotou City.
Zikumveka kuti Shanshan Technology ili ndi ndalama zokwana mayuan 3.8 biliyoni pachaka mu zinthu zolemera matani 100,000 za anode zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zolemera ma anode. Ntchitoyi ikamalizidwa ndikuyikidwa mu kupanga, imatha kupanga matani 60,000 a zinthu zolemera ma graphite ndi matani 40,000 a zinthu zolemera ma graphite zokhala ndi kaboni. Mphamvu yopangira pachaka ndi matani 50,000 a graphitization processing.
Malinga ndi deta yofufuza kuchokera ku Institute of Advanced Research and Development of Lithium Power Research (GGII), kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotumizira lithiamu batire ku China kunafika matani 192,000 mu 2018, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 31.2%. Pakati pawo, zinthu zotumizira anode za Shanshan Technology zinali pamalo achiwiri mumakampani, ndipo zinthu zotumizira graphite zopangidwa zinali pamalo oyamba.
"Tili ndi matani 100,000 opangidwa chaka chino. Pofika chaka chamawa ndi chaka chotsatira, tidzakulitsa mphamvu zopangira mwachangu, ndipo tidzamvetsa mwachangu mphamvu yamitengo yamakampaniwa ndi kukula kwake komanso momwe ndalama zimagwirira ntchito." Zheng Yonggang, Wapampando wa Shanshan Holdings Board of Directors adatero.
Mwachionekere, njira ya Shanshan ndiyo kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira kudzera mu kukulitsa mphamvu, motero kulamulira zokambirana za malonda, ndikupanga zotsatira zazikulu pamsika pamakampani ena olakwika a zida zama electrode, motero kukulitsa ndikuphatikiza gawo lake pamsika. Kuti asakhale chete kwathunthu, makampani ena olakwika a electrode mwachibadwa ayenera kulowa nawo gulu lokulitsa mphamvu, koma ambiri a iwo ndi opanga otsika mtengo.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ngakhale makampani opanga zinthu za anode akukulitsa mphamvu zawo zopangira, pamene zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa zinthu za batri yamagetsi zikupitirira kuwonjezeka, zofunikira kwambiri zimayikidwa pakugwira ntchito kwa zinthu za anode. Zinthu za graphite zachilengedwe zapamwamba komanso zopangira graphite zimathandizira kusintha kwa zinthu za anode zotsika mtengo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mabizinesi ambiri ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati sangakwaniritse kufunikira kwa mabatire apamwamba.
Kuchuluka kwa msika kukuwonjezeka
Monga momwe zilili ndi msika wa mabatire amphamvu, kuchuluka kwa msika wa zinthu za anode kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo makampani ochepa akuluakulu ali ndi gawo lalikulu pamsika.
Ziwerengero za GGII zikuwonetsa kuti mu 2018, zinthu zonse zotumizidwa ndi batri ya lithiamu ku China zidafika matani 192,000, zomwe zikuwonjezera ndi 31.2%.
Pakati pawo, Betray, Shanshan Technology, Jiangxi Zijing, Dongguan Kaijin, Xiangfenghua, Zhongke Xingcheng, Jiangxi Zhengtuo, Shenzhen Snow, Shenzhen Jinrun, Changsha Geji ndi makampani ena olakwika asanachitike kutumiza khumi.
Mu 2018, kutumiza kwa zipangizo za anode za TOP4 kunapitirira matani 25,000, ndipo gawo la msika la TOP4 linakwana 71%, kukwera ndi maperesenti 4 poyerekeza ndi 2017, ndipo kutumiza kwa mabizinesi ndi makampani akuluakulu pambuyo pa malo achisanu. Kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kukukulirakulira. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakuti mawonekedwe ampikisano pamsika wa batri yamagetsi asintha kwambiri, zomwe zapangitsa kuti kusintha kwa mawonekedwe ampikisano wa zipangizo za anode kusinthe.
Ziwerengero za GGII zikuwonetsa kuti mphamvu yonse ya batri yamagetsi yaku China yomwe idayikidwa mu theka loyamba la chaka cha 2019 inali pafupifupi 30.01GWh, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 93%. Pakati pawo, mphamvu yonse yomwe idayikidwa m'makampani khumi apamwamba a batri yamagetsi inali pafupifupi 26.38GWh, zomwe zikutanthauza pafupifupi 88% ya mphamvu yonse.
Pakati pa makampani khumi apamwamba a mabatire amphamvu pankhani ya mphamvu zonse zomwe zakhazikitsidwa, mabatire a nthawi ya Ningde, BYD, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, ndi Lishen okha ndi omwe ali pakati pa khumi apamwamba, ndipo kuchuluka kwa makampani ena a mabatire kumasintha mwezi uliwonse.
Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa msika wa mabatire amphamvu, mpikisano wa msika wa zinthu za anode nawonso wasintha. Pakati pawo, Shanshan Technology, Jiangxi Zijing ndi Dongguan Kaijin zimapangidwa makamaka ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi graphite. Zimayendetsedwa ndi gulu la makasitomala apamwamba monga Ningde Times, BYD, Yiwei Lithium Energy ndi Lishen Battery. Kutumiza kunakwera kwambiri ndipo gawo la msika linakwera.
Makampani ena a zinthu zamagetsi zoyipa adakumana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu yoyika ya zinthu zamagetsi zoyipa za kampaniyo mu 2018.
Poganizira mpikisano womwe ulipo pamsika wa mabatire amphamvu, msika wa makampani khumi apamwamba a mabatire uli pamwamba pa 90%, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mwayi wamsika wa makampani ena a mabatire ukuchulukirachulukira, kenako n’kutumizidwa kumunda wa zinthu za anode, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gulu la mabizinesi ang’onoang’ono ndi apakatikati a anode akumane ndi mavuto aakulu a Survival.
GGII ikukhulupirira kuti m'zaka zitatu zikubwerazi, mpikisano pamsika wa zinthu za anode udzakulirakulira, ndipo mphamvu yobwerezabwereza yotsika idzathetsedwa. Mabizinesi omwe ali ndi ukadaulo wofunikira komanso njira zabwino zamakasitomala azitha kupeza kukula kwakukulu.
Kuchuluka kwa msika kudzawonjezeka kwambiri. Kwa makampani azinthu za anode a mzere wachiwiri ndi wachitatu, kuthamanga kwa ntchito mosakayikira kudzawonjezeka, ndipo iyenera kukonzekera njira yopitira patsogolo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-09-2019