Inganda zikora ibikoresho bya electrode mbi zirimo kwakira impinduka nshya ku isoko.
Bitewe n’iterambere ry’isoko ry’ingufu z’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa, kohereza ibikoresho bya anode n’agaciro k’umusaruro byiyongereye mu 2018, bituma ibigo by’ibikoresho bya anode bikura.
Ariko, bitewe n’inkunga, ipiganwa ku isoko, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo ndetse n’igabanuka ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa, ubwinshi bw’ibikoresho bya anode ku isoko bwarushijeho kwiyongera, kandi ubwiyongere bw’inganda bwinjiye mu ntera nshya.
Muri iki gihe, mu gihe inganda zigeze ku rwego rwo "kugabanya ikiguzi no kongera ubuziranenge", ibikoresho bya grafiti karemano byo ku rwego rwo hejuru na grafiti y'ubukorano bishobora kwihutisha gusimbuza ibikoresho bya anode byo ku rwego rwo hasi, bigatuma ipiganwa ku isoko ry'inganda z'ibikoresho bya anode rizamuka.
Mu buryo butambitse, ibigo bikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki cyangwa ibigo byashyizwe ku rutonde cyangwa ibigo byigenga bya IPO biri gushaka inkunga yo kubona inkunga y'imari, bigafasha ibigo kwagura ubushobozi bwo gukora no guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya. Iterambere ry'ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse bya anode bidafite inyungu zo guhangana mu bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa n'ikoranabuhanga ndetse no mu bakiriya bizarushaho kugorana.
Mu buryo burambuye, kugira ngo kunoza ireme no kugabanya ikiguzi, ibigo by’ibikoresho bya electrode bibi byaguriye ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukora no kugera ku nganda zitunganya graphitization, bigabanya ikiguzi binyuze mu kwagura ubushobozi no kunoza inzira zo gukora, no kunoza ubushobozi bwabyo bwo guhangana n’ibindi.
Nta gushidikanya, kwihuza no kugura no guhuza umutungo hagati y’inganda no kwagura inganda zitunganya graphitization ziyubakiye nta gushidikanya ko bizagabanya abitabira isoko, byihutishe gukuraho intege nke, kandi buhoro buhoro bigasenya imiterere y’irushanwa "itatu ikomeye n’into" igizwe n’ibikoresho bibi. Urutonde rw’isoko rya anode ya pulasitiki ruhagaze neza.
Guhatanira imiterere ya graphitization
Kuri ubu, irushanwa mu nganda z’ibikoresho bya anode mu gihugu riracyakomeye cyane. Hari irushanwa hagati y’ibigo by’icyiciro cya mbere kugira ngo bifate umwanya w’imbere. Hari kandi n’ibigo by’icyiciro cya kabiri byongereye imbaraga zabyo. Mukurikiranana kugira ngo mugabanye irushanwa n’ibigo by’icyiciro cya mbere. Bimwe mu bibazo bishobora guterwa n’abanywanyi bashya.
Bitewe n'ubukene bw'isoko bwa bateri z'amashanyarazi, igipimo cy'isoko rya grafiti y'ubukorano gikomeje kwiyongera kugira ngo haboneke ubukene bwo kwagura ubushobozi bw'ibigo bikoresha anode.
Kuva mu 2018, imishinga minini y’ishoramari mu gihugu ku bikoresho bya anode yagiye itangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa uko bikurikirana, kandi ubushobozi bw’umusaruro ku giti cya buri wese bwageze kuri toni 50.000 cyangwa ndetse na toni 100.000 ku mwaka, ahanini bishingiye ku mishinga ya grafiti y’ubukorano.
Muri zo, amasosiyete yo mu rwego rwa mbere arushaho gushimangira aho ahagaze ku isoko no kugabanya ikiguzi binyuze mu kongera ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora. Amasosiyete yo mu rwego rwa kabiri arimo kwegera urwego rwa mbere binyuze mu kwagura ubushobozi, ariko nta nkunga ihagije y'amafaranga kandi nta guhangana mu bicuruzwa bishya n'ikoranabuhanga.
Ibigo by’ubucuruzi byo mu rwego rwa mbere n’urwa kabiri, birimo Beitray, Shanshan Technology, Jiangxi Zijing, Kaijin Energy, Xiangfenghua, Shenzhen Snow, na Jiangxi Zhengtuo, ndetse n’ibindi bigo bishya, byongereye ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukora nk'ahantu ho kwinjirira mu kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana. Ikigo cyo kubaka ubushobozi giherereye cyane cyane muri Mongoliya y’imbere cyangwa mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba.
Gutunganya ibikoresho bya anode byinjiza hafi 50% by'igiciro cy'ibikoresho bya anode, ubusanzwe mu buryo bwo gukorana n'abandi. Kugira ngo barusheho kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora no kunoza inyungu z'ibicuruzwa, ibigo bikora ibikoresho bya anode byubatse uburyo bwabyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho bya anode nk'uburyo bwo kunoza ubushobozi bwabyo bwo guhangana n'ibindi.
Muri Mongoliya y'imbere, ifite umutungo mwinshi n'igiciro gito cy'amashanyarazi cya 0.36 yuan / KWh (nibura kugeza kuri 0.26 yuan / KWh), yabaye ahantu heza ho gukoresha uruganda rwa grafiti rw'ikigo cy'amashanyarazi cya electrode. Harimo Shanshan, Jiangxi Zijing, Shenzhen Snow, Dongguan Kaijin, Xinxin New Materials, Guangrui New Energy, n'ibindi, byose bifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha grafiti muri Mongoliya y'imbere.
Ubushobozi bushya bwo gukora buzarekurwa guhera mu 2018. Biteganijwe ko ubushobozi bwo gukora graphitization muri Mongoliya y'imbere buzarekurwa mu 2019, kandi amafaranga yo gutunganya graphitization azagabanuka.
Ku ya 3 Kanama, umushinga wa buri mwaka wa Shanshan Technology wo gukora toni 100.000 z'ibikoresho bya anode bya Baotou watangijwe ku mugaragaro mu Karere ka Qingshan, Umujyi wa Baotou.
Birumvikana ko Shanshan Technology ifite ishoramari rya miliyari 3.8 z'amayuan buri mwaka mu bikoresho bya anode bya toni 100.000 bikoreshwa mu bikoresho bya anode. Nyuma y'uko umushinga urangiye ugashyirwa mu bikorwa, ushobora gukora toni 60.000 z'ibikoresho bya anode bya grafiti na toni 40.000 z'ibikoresho bya anode bya grafiti bifite karuboni. Ubushobozi bwo gukora buri mwaka ni toni 50.000 z'itunganywa rya grafiti.
Dukurikije amakuru y’ubushakashatsi yavuye mu Kigo cy’Ubushakashatsi Buhanitse n’Iterambere ry’Ubushakashatsi ku Ngabo za Lithium (GGII), umubare w’ibikoresho bya anode bya bateri ya lithium byoherejwe mu Bushinwa wageze kuri toni 192.000 mu 2018, ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ku kigero cya 31.2%. Muri byo, ibikoresho bya anode bya Shanshan Technology byoherejwe ku mwanya wa kabiri mu nganda, naho ibyoherezwa bya grafiti by’ubukorano biza ku mwanya wa mbere.
“Turi gukora toni 100.000 uyu mwaka. Mu mwaka utaha no mu mwaka ukurikiraho, tuzarushaho kongera ubushobozi bwo gukora vuba, kandi tuzasobanukirwa vuba imbaraga z’ibiciro by’inganda hamwe n’umusaruro w’ibiciro.” Zheng Yonggang, Perezida w’Inama y’Ubuyobozi ya Shanshan Holdings, yagize ati: “Turi gukora toni 100.000 muri uyu mwaka. Mu mwaka utaha no mu mwaka ukurikiraho, tuzarushaho kongera ubushobozi bwo gukora vuba, kandi tuzasobanukirwa vuba imbaraga z’ibiciro by’inganda hamwe n’uburyo igiciro cyazo kigenda neza.”
Birumvikana ko ingamba za Shanshan ari ukugabanya ikiguzi cy'umusaruro binyuze mu kwagura ubushobozi, bityo biganje mu gucuruza ibicuruzwa, kandi bigatera ingaruka zikomeye ku isoko ku zindi sosiyete zikora ibikoresho bya electrode mbi, bityo bikanongera kandi bigahuza isoko ryayo. Kugira ngo idapfa kwirara burundu, izindi sosiyete zikora electrode mbi zigomba kwinjira mu itsinda rishinzwe kwagura ubushobozi, ariko inyinshi muri zo ni izikora mu buryo bworoshye.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko nubwo amasosiyete akora ibikoresho bya anode arimo kongera ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora, uko ibisabwa mu mikorere y'ibicuruzwa bya bateri zikoresha ingufu bikomeza kwiyongera, ibisabwa byinshi bishyirwa ku mikorere y'ibicuruzwa bya anode. Ibicuruzwa bya grafiti karemano na grafiti y'ubukorano byihutisha gusimbuza ibikoresho bya anode byo mu rwego rwo hasi, bivuze ko umubare munini w'ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse bya anode bidashobora guhazwa n'ubusabe bw'ibicuruzwa bya bateri zo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Ingano y'isoko irushaho kwiyongera
Nkuko bigenda ku isoko rya bateri z'amashanyarazi, umubare w'isoko ry'ibikoresho bya anode ukomeje kwiyongera, aho hari ibigo bike bikomeye bifite umugabane munini ku isoko.
Imibare ya GGII igaragaza ko mu 2018, ibikoresho bya anode bya bateri ya lithium yo mu Bushinwa byageze kuri toni 192.000, ubwiyongere bwa 31.2%.
Muri bo, Ubuhemu, Ikoranabuhanga rya Shanshan, Jiangxi Zijing, Dongguan Kaijin, Xiangfenghua, Zhongke Xingcheng, Jiangxi Zhengtuo, Shenzhen Snow, Shenzhen Jinrun, Changsha Geji n'ibindi bigo bibi mbere yo koherezwa icumi.
Mu 2018, kohereza ibikoresho bya anode bya TOP4 byarenze toni 25.000, kandi umugabane w’isoko wa TOP4 wageze kuri 71%, wiyongereyeho amanota 4 ku ijana ugereranije n’uwa 2017, ndetse n’ibyo kohereza ibigo n’ibigo bikomeye nyuma y’umwanya wa gatanu. Icyuho cy’ingano kirimo kwiyongera. Impamvu nyamukuru ni uko imiterere y’irushanwa ry’isoko ry’amashanyarazi ryagize impinduka zikomeye, bigatuma habaho impinduka mu imiterere y’irushanwa ry’ibikoresho bya anode.
Imibare ya GGII igaragaza ko ubushobozi bwose bwa bateri y'amashanyarazi yo mu Bushinwa mu gice cya mbere cya 2019 bwari hafi 30.01GWh, ubwiyongere bw'umwaka ku kigero cya 93%. Muri zo, ingufu zose zashyizweho n'ibigo icumi bya mbere bya bateri z'amashanyarazi zari zigera kuri 26.38GWh, zingana na 88% by'ingufu zose.
Mu bigo icumi bya mbere bitanga bateri zikoresha ingufu zihagije, bateri zo mu gihe cya Ningde, BYD, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, na Lishen ni zo zonyine ziri mu icumi za mbere, kandi urutonde rw'izindi sosiyete zitanga bateri rugenda ruhindagurika buri kwezi.
Bitewe n’impinduka ku isoko rya bateri zikoresha ingufu, ipiganwa ku isoko ry’ibikoresho bya anode naryo ryarahindutse. Muri byo, Shanshan Technology, Jiangxi Zijing na Dongguan Kaijin bigizwe ahanini n’ibicuruzwa bya grafiti by’ubukorano. Biyobowe n’itsinda ry’abakiriya beza nka Ningde Times, BYD, Yiwei Lithium Energy na Lishen Battery. Kohereza byariyongereye cyane kandi umugabane ku isoko wariyongereye.
Amwe mu masosiyete afite ibikoresho bya electrode mbi yahuye n’igabanuka rikomeye ry’ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo ibikoresho bya bateri mbi by’isosiyete mu 2018.
Ukurikije irushanwa riri ku isoko ry’amashanyarazi, isoko ry’ibigo icumi bya mbere bitanga bateri riri hejuru cyane hafi 90%, bivuze ko amahirwe y’isoko ry’ibindi bigo bitanga bateri agenda arushaho kwiyongera, hanyuma bigashyirwa mu rwego rwo hejuru rw’ibikoresho bya anode, bigatuma itsinda ry’ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse bitanga anode bihura n’igitutu gikomeye cyo kubaho.
GGII yizeye ko mu myaka itatu iri imbere, irushanwa ku isoko ry’ibikoresho bya anode rizarushaho kwiyongera, kandi ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo ibintu mu buryo bworoshye buzavaho. Ibigo bifite ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi n’inzira z’abakiriya zifitiye akamaro bizashobora kugera ku iterambere rigaragara.
Ingano y'isoko izarushaho kunozwa. Ku bigo by'ibikoresho bya anode byo ku murongo wa kabiri n'uwa gatatu, nta gushidikanya ko igitutu cy'imikorere kiziyongera, kandi bigomba gutegura inzira itaha.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-09-2019