Imboni yezinto ezisebenzisa ama-electrode angalungile yamukela ushintsho olusha lwemakethe.
Ngokuzuza ekukhuleni kwesidingo semakethe yamabhethri kagesi aseShayina, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ze-anode zaseShayina kanye nenani lokukhipha kwanda ngo-2018, okwaholela ekukhuleni kwezinkampani zezinto ze-anode.
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuxhaswa ngezimali, ukuncintisana emakethe, ukukhuphuka kwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokwehla kwamanani emikhiqizo, ukuhlushwa kwemakethe kwezinto ze-anode kukhuphuke kakhulu, futhi ukwahlukana kwemboni kungene esigabeni esisha.
Njengamanje, njengoba imboni ingena esigabeni "sokunciphisa izindleko nokukhulisa ikhwalithi", imikhiqizo ye-graphite yemvelo ephezulu kanye ne-graphite yokwenziwa ingasheshisa ukushintshwa kwezinto ze-anode ezisezingeni eliphansi, okwenza umncintiswano wemakethe wemboni yezinto ze-anode uthuthuke.
Kusukela embonweni ovundlile, izinkampani zamanje ze-electrode ezingezinhle noma izinkampani ezisohlwini noma ama-IPO azimele zifuna ukwesekwa ukuze zithole ukwesekwa kwemali, okusiza izinkampani ukwandisa amandla okukhiqiza nokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkampani ezincane neziphakathi nendawo ezingenazo izinzuzo zokuncintisana ngekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nobuchwepheshe kanye nasesisekelweni samakhasimende kuzoba nzima kakhulu.
Kusukela ekubukeni okuqondile, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi futhi kuncishiswe izindleko, izinkampani zezinto ezisebenzisa ama-electrode angemahle zandise amandla azo okukhiqiza futhi zandisa imboni yokucubungula i-graphitization, zanciphisa izindleko ngokwandisa amandla nokuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza, futhi zandisa ukuncintisana kwazo.
Ngokungangabazeki, ukuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinsizakusebenza phakathi kwezimboni kanye nokwandiswa kwemboni yokucubungula i-graphitization eyakhelwe ngokwakho ngokungangabazeki kuzonciphisa ababambiqhaza emakethe, kusheshiswe ukususwa kwababuthakathaka, futhi kancane kancane kuhlakaze amaphethini okuncintisana "amathathu amakhulu namancane" akhiwe ngezinto ezimbi. Izinga lokuncintisana lemakethe ye-anode yepulasitiki.
Ukuncintisana ngokuhlelwa kwe-graphitization
Njengamanje, ukuncintisana embonini yezinto ze-anode zasekhaya kusalokhu kukhulu kakhulu. Kukhona ukuncintisana phakathi kwezinkampani zesigaba sokuqala ukuze zithathe isikhundla esiphambili. Kukhona futhi izigaba zesigaba sesibili ezandisa amandla azo ngenkuthalo. Niyaxoshana ukuze ninciphise ukuncintisana namabhizinisi omugqa wokuqala. Ezinye zezingcindezi ezingaba khona zabancintisani abasha.
Iqhutshwa yisidingo semakethe samabhethri kagesi, isilinganiso semakethe ye-graphite yokwenziwa siyaqhubeka nokukhula ukuze kuhlinzekwe isidingo sokwandiswa kwamandla ezinkampani ze-anode.
Kusukela ngo-2018, amaphrojekthi okutshalwa kwezimali amakhulu asekhaya ezinto ze-anode asetshenziswe ngokulandelana, futhi isilinganiso samandla okukhiqiza ngamunye sifinyelele amathani angu-50,000 noma ngisho namathani angu-100,000 ngonyaka, ikakhulukazi ngokusekelwe kumaphrojekthi e-graphite okwenziwa.
Phakathi kwazo, izinkampani zesigaba sokuqala ziqinisa isikhundla sazo emakethe futhi zinciphise izindleko ngokwandisa amandla azo okukhiqiza. Izinkampani zesigaba sesibili zisondela kakhulu kusigaba sokuqala ngokwandisa amandla, kodwa azinawo ukwesekwa kwezezimali okwanele kanye nokuntuleka kokuncintisana emikhiqizweni nasebuchwephesheni obusha.
Izinkampani zesigaba sokuqala nesesibili, okuhlanganisa iBeitray, iShanshan Technology, iJiangxi Zijing, iKaijin Energy, iXiangfenghua, iShenzhen Snow, kanye neJiangxi Zhengtuo, kanye nabasanda kungena, zandise amandla azo okukhiqiza njengendawo yokungena yokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwazo. Isisekelo sokwakha amandla sigxile kakhulu e-Inner Mongolia noma eNyakatho-ntshonalanga.
I-graphitization ibiza cishe u-50% wezindleko zezinto ze-anode, ngokuvamile ngesimo sokuqasha abantu abangaphansi kwenkontileka. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi kuthuthukiswe inzuzo yomkhiqizo, izinkampani zezinto ze-anode zakhele ukucubungula kwazo i-graphitization njengendlela yokuklama ehlakaniphile yokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwazo.
E-Inner Mongolia, ngezinsizakusebenza zayo eziningi kanye nentengo kagesi ephansi engu-0.36 yuan / KWh (ubuncane kuya ku-0.26 yuan / KWh), isibe yindawo ekhethwayo yesitshalo se-graphite sebhizinisi le-electrode elibi. Kubandakanya iShanshan, iJiangxi Zijing, iShenzhen Snow, iDongguan Kaijin, iXinxin New Materials, iGuangrui New Energy, njll., konke kunamandla okufaka i-graphitization e-Inner Mongolia.
Umthamo omusha wokukhiqiza uzokhishwa kusukela ngo-2018. Kulindeleke ukuthi umthamo wokukhiqiza we-graphitization e-Inner Mongolia uzokhishwa ngo-2019, kanti imali yokucubungula i-graphitization izokwehla.
Ngomhlaka-3 Agasti, isisekelo se-anode sebhethri le-lithium esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni – ukukhiqizwa kwaminyaka yonke kweShanshan Technology kwamathani ayi-100,000 e-anode material iphrojekthi yesisekelo esihlanganisiwe seBaotou yaqaliswa ngokusemthethweni eSifundeni saseQingshan, eDolobheni laseBaotou.
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi iShanshan Technology inotshalomali lwaminyaka yonke lwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.8 esisekelweni esihlanganisiwe sezinto ze-anode ezingamathani ayi-100,000 zezinto ze-anode. Ngemva kokuba iphrojekthi isiqediwe futhi ifakwa ekukhiqizweni, ingakhiqiza amathani angu-60,000 ezinto ze-anode ze-graphite kanye namathani angu-40,000 ezinto ze-anode ze-graphite ezimbozwe nge-carbon. Umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza ungamathani angu-50,000 okucubungula i-graphitization.
Ngokusho kwedatha yocwaningo evela kwi-Institute of Advanced Research and Development of Lithium Power Research (GGII), inani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwezinto ze-anode zebhethri le-lithium eShayina lifinyelele amathani ayi-192,000 ngo-2018, okuwukwenyuka konyaka nonyaka okungu-31.2%. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ze-anode zeShanshan Technology kubekwe endaweni yesibili embonini, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwe-graphite yokwenziwa kubekwe endaweni yokuqala.
“Sikhiqiza amathani ayi-100,000 kulo nyaka. Ngonyaka ozayo nangonyaka olandelayo, sizokwandisa amandla okukhiqiza ngokushesha, futhi sizoqonda ngokushesha amandla entengo embonini ngosayizi kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko.” kusho uZheng Yonggang, uSihlalo weBhodi Yabaqondisi beShanshan Holdings.
Ngokusobala, isu likaShanshan ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza ngokwandisa amandla, ngaleyo ndlela kulawule ukuxoxisana komkhiqizo, futhi kwakheke umthelela omkhulu emakethe kwezinye izinkampani zezinto ze-electrode ezimbi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe futhi kuhlanganiswe isabelo sayo semakethe. Ukuze zingabi matasa ngokuphelele, ezinye izinkampani ze-electrode ezimbi ngokwemvelo kufanele zijoyine ithimba lokukhulisa amandla, kodwa iningi lazo linamandla okukhiqiza asezingeni eliphansi.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nakuba izinkampani zezinto ze-anode zandisa amandla azo okukhiqiza, njengoba izidingo zokusebenza kwemikhiqizo yebhethri yamandla ziqhubeka nokukhula, izidingo eziphakeme zibekwa ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo kwezinto ze-anode. Imikhiqizo ye-graphite yemvelo ephezulu kanye ne-graphite yokwenziwa isheshisa ukushintshwa kwezinto ze-anode eziphansi, okusho ukuthi inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo awakwazi ukuhlangatshezwa yisidingo samabhethri aphezulu.
Ukuhlushwa kwemakethe kuyanda kakhulu
Njengoba kunjalo ngemakethe yamabhethri kagesi, ukugcwala kwemakethe yezinto ze-anode kuyanda kakhulu, kanti izinkampani ezimbalwa ezinkulu zithatha isabelo esikhulu semakethe.
Izibalo ze-GGII zibonisa ukuthi ngo-2018, inani lezinto zokuthumela ze-lithium battery anode zaseShayina lafinyelela amathani ayi-192,000, okuwukwenyuka kwama-31.2%.
Phakathi kwabo, i-Betray, i-Shanshan Technology, i-Jiangxi Zijing, i-Dongguan Kaijin, i-Xiangfenghua, i-Zhongke Xingcheng, i-Jiangxi Zhengtuo, i-Shenzhen Snow, i-Shenzhen Jinrun, i-Changsha Geji nezinye izinkampani ezingezinhle ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kweshumi.
Ngo-2018, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ze-anode ze-TOP4 kudlule amathani angu-25,000, kanti isabelo semakethe se-TOP4 sifinyelele ku-71%, sikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-4 kusukela ngo-2017, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamabhizinisi nezinkampani eziyinhloko ngemuva kwendawo yesihlanu. Igebe lomthamo liyakhula. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi iphethini yokuncintisana yemakethe yebhethri lamandla iye yashintsha kakhulu, okuholele ekushintsheni iphethini yokuncintisana yezinto ze-anode.
Izibalo ze-GGII zibonisa ukuthi amandla afakiwe ebhethri lamandla laseShayina engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2019 ayengu-30.01GWh, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-93%. Phakathi kwazo, amandla afakiwe ezinkampanini eziyishumi eziphezulu zamabhethri anamandla afinyelele cishe ku-26.38GWh, okulinganiselwa cishe ku-88% wawo wonke.
Phakathi kwezinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu zamabhethri kagesi maqondana namandla aphelele afakiwe, amabhethri e-Ningde era, i-BYD, i-Guoxuan Hi-Tech, kanye ne-Lishen kuphela aphakathi kwayishumi aphezulu, kanti amazinga ezinye izinkampani zamabhethri ayashintshashintsha njalo ngenyanga.
Ngenxa yezinguquko emakethe yamabhethri anamandla, umncintiswano wemakethe wezinto ze-anode nawo ushintshile ngokufanele. Phakathi kwazo, iShanshan Technology, iJiangxi Zijing kanye neDongguan Kaijin zakhiwe kakhulu ngemikhiqizo ye-graphite yokwenziwa. Ziqhutshwa yiqembu lamakhasimende asezingeni eliphezulu njengeNingde Times, BYD, Yiwei Lithium Energy kanye neLishen Battery. Ukuthunyelwa kwanda kakhulu futhi isabelo semakethe sanda.
Ezinye zezinkampani zezinto ze-electrode ezingezinhle zabhekana nokwehla okukhulu kwamandla afakiwe emikhiqizo yebhethri engezinhle yenkampani ngo-2018.
Uma sibheka umncintiswano wamanje emakethe yamabhethri anamandla, imakethe yezinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu zamabhethri iphakeme cishe ku-90%, okusho ukuthi amathuba emakethe ezinye izinkampani zamabhethri aya ngokuya ekhula, bese edluliselwa ensimini yezinto ze-anode ezisezingeni eliphezulu, okwenza iqembu lamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo abhekane nengcindezi enkulu yokusinda.
I-GGII ikholelwa ukuthi eminyakeni emithathu ezayo, ukuncintisana emakethe yezinto ze-anode kuzoqhubeka nokuqina, futhi amandla okuphindaphinda aphansi azoqedwa. Amabhizinisi anobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko neziteshi zamakhasimende ezizuzisayo azokwazi ukufeza ukukhula okukhulu.
Ukuhlushwa kwemakethe kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu. Kumabhizinisi ezinto ze-anode zomugqa wesibili nowesithathu, ingcindezi yokusebenza ngokungangabazeki izokwanda, futhi kudingeka ihlele indlela eya phambili.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-09-2019