Ishishini lezinto ze-electrode ezimbi liyamkela utshintsho olutsha kwimarike.
Ngenxa yokukhula kwemfuno yemarike yebhetri yamandla eTshayina, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ze-anode eTshayina kunye nexabiso lemveliso landa ngo-2018, nto leyo eqhubela phambili ukukhula kweenkampani zezinto ze-anode.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezibonelelo, ukhuphiswano lwemarike, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokuhla kwamaxabiso emveliso, uxinaniso lwemarike lwezinto ze-anode luye lwanda ngakumbi, kwaye ukwahlukana kweshishini kungene kwinqanaba elitsha.
Okwangoku, njengoko eli shishini lingena kwinqanaba "lokunciphisa iindleko nokunyusa umgangatho", iimveliso zegrafiti yendalo eziphezulu kunye neemveliso zegrafiti zokwenziwa zinokukhawulezisa ukutshintshwa kwezinto ze-anode ezikumgangatho ophantsi, nto leyo eyenza ukhuphiswano lwemarike lweshishini lezinto ze-anode luphucuke.
Ukusuka kwimbono ethe tye, iinkampani zangoku zezixhobo ze-electrode ezingalunganga okanye iinkampani ezidwelisiweyo okanye ii-IPO ezizimeleyo zifuna inkxaso yokufumana inkxaso-mali, ukunceda iinkampani zandise amandla emveliso kwaye ziphuhlise iimveliso ezintsha. Uphuhliso lweenkampani ze-anode ezincinci neziphakathi ezingenazo izibonelelo zokhuphiswano kumgangatho wemveliso kunye netekhnoloji kunye nakwisiseko sabathengi luya kuba nzima ngakumbi.
Ukusuka kwicala elithe nkqo, ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho kwaye kuncitshiswe iindleko, iinkampani zezinto ze-electrode ezingalunganga zandise amandla azo emveliso kwaye zandisa ishishini lokucubungula i-graphitization, zinciphisa iindleko ngokwandisa amandla kunye nokuphucula inkqubo yokuvelisa, kwaye ziphucula ngakumbi ukukhuphisana kwazo.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ukudibana nokuthengwa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo phakathi kwamashishini kunye nokwandiswa kweshishini lokucubungula i-graphitization elizakhelwe ngokwakho ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuya kunciphisa abathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike, kukhawulezise ukususwa kwababuthathaka, kwaye kancinci kancinci kuchithakale iipateni zokhuphiswano "ezintathu ezinkulu nezincinci" ezenziwe zizinto ezimbi. Udidi lokhuphiswano lwemarike ye-anode yeplastiki.
Ukukhuphisana ngoyilo lwe-graphitization
Okwangoku, ukhuphiswano kushishino lwezinto ze-anode lwasekhaya lusaqhubeka kakhulu. Kukho ukhuphiswano phakathi kweenkampani ze-first-tier echelon ukuze zithathe isikhundla esiphambili. Kukwakho nee-second-tier echelons ezandisa ngamandla amandla azo. Nisukelana ukuze ninciphise ukhuphiswano namashishini e-first-line. Ezinye zeengxaki ezinokubakho zabakhuphisana abatsha.
Iqhutywa yimfuno yemarike yeebhetri zamandla, inani lemarike yegrafiti yokwenziwa liyaqhubeka nokwanda ukubonelela ngemfuno yokwandiswa kwamandla eenkampani ze-anode.
Ukususela ngo-2018, iiprojekthi zotyalo-mali ezinkulu zasekhaya zezinto ze-anode ziye zaqaliswa ukusebenza ngokulandelelana, kwaye ubungakanani bomthamo wokuvelisa ngamnye bufikelele kwiitoni ezingama-50,000 okanye iitoni ezili-100,000 ngonyaka, ikakhulu ngokusekelwe kwiiprojekthi zegrafiti yokwenziwa.
Phakathi kwazo, iinkampani zenqanaba lokuqala ziqinisa ngakumbi isikhundla sazo semarike kwaye zinciphisa iindleko ngokwandisa amandla azo emveliso. Iinkampani zenqanaba lesibini zisondela kufutshane nenqanaba lokuqala ngokwandisa amandla, kodwa azinankxaso-mali eyaneleyo kunye nokungabikho kokhuphiswano kwiimveliso ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe.
Iinkampani ezikumgangatho wokuqala nowesibini, kuquka iBeitray, iShanshan Technology, iJiangxi Zijing, iKaijin Energy, iXiangfenghua, iShenzhen Snow, kunye neJiangxi Zhengtuo, kunye nabasandula ukungena, bandise amandla abo emveliso njengendawo yokungena yokuphucula ukukhuphisana kwabo. Isiseko sokwakha amandla sigxile kakhulu kwi-Inner Mongolia okanye kwi-Northwest.
Ukwenziwa kwegrafiti kumalunga ne-50% yexabiso lezinto ze-anode, ngokuqhelekileyo ngendlela yokwenziwa kwezivumelwano ezingaphantsi. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ngakumbi iindleko zokuvelisa nokuphucula inzuzo yemveliso, iinkampani zezinto ze-anode zakhele inkqubo yazo yokwenziwa kwegrafiti njengoyilo olucwangcisiweyo lokuphucula ukukhuphisana kwazo.
Kwi-Inner Mongolia, ngenxa yemithombo yayo emininzi kunye nexabiso eliphantsi lombane eliyi-0.36 yuan / KWh (ubuncinci ukuya kwi-0.26 yuan / KWh), iye yaba yindawo ekhethwayo yesityalo segrafiti seshishini le-electrode elingalunganga. Kuquka iShanshan, iJiangxi Zijing, iShenzhen Snow, iDongguan Kaijin, iXinxin New Materials, iGuangrui New Energy, njl.njl., zonke zinamandla okusebenzisa igrafiti e-Inner Mongolia.
Umthamo omtsha wemveliso uza kukhutshwa ukususela ngo-2018. Kulindeleke ukuba umthamo wemveliso ye-graphitization e-Inner Mongolia uza kukhutshwa ngo-2019, kwaye umrhumo wokucubungula i-graphitization uza kwehla.
Ngomhla wesi-3 ku-Agasti, isiseko esikhulu se-lithium battery anode material base – iShanshan Technology evelisa iitoni ezili-100,000 ze-anode material project yeBaotou integrated base yaqaliswa ngokusesikweni kwiSithili saseQingshan, kwiSixeko saseBaotou.
Kuyaqondakala ukuba iShanshan Technology inotyalo-mali lwe-3.8 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngonyaka kwisiseko esidibeneyo sezinto ze-anode eziziitoni ezili-100,000 zezinto ze-anode. Emva kokuba iprojekthi igqityiwe kwaye ibekwe kwimveliso, inokuvelisa iitoni ezingama-60,000 zezinto ze-anode ze-graphite kunye neetoni ezingama-40,000 zezinto ze-anode ze-graphite ezigqunywe ngekhabhoni. Umthamo wonyaka wemveliso ziitoni ezingama-50,000 zokucubungula i-graphitization.
Ngokwedatha yophando evela kwi-Institute of Advanced Research and Development of Lithium Power Research (GGII), ukuthunyelwa okupheleleyo kwezinto ze-anode zebhetri ye-lithium eTshayina kufikelele kwiitoni ezili-192,000 ngo-2018, ukunyuka konyaka nonyaka kwe-31.2%. Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ze-anode zeShanshan Technology kubekwe kwindawo yesibini kushishino, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwe-graphite yokwenziwa kubekwe kwindawo yokuqala.
“Sivelisa iitoni ezili-100,000 kulo nyaka. Kunyaka ozayo nangonyaka olandelayo, siza kwandisa amandla emveliso ngokukhawuleza, kwaye siza kuqonda ngokukhawuleza amandla amaxabiso oshishino ngobungakanani kunye nokusebenza kweendleko.” UZheng Yonggang, uSihlalo weBhodi yabaLawuli beShanshan Holdings uthe.
Ngokucacileyo, icebo likaShanshan kukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso ngokwandisa amandla, ngaloo ndlela lilawule ukuxoxisana ngemveliso, kwaye lenze impembelelo enamandla kwimarike kwezinye iinkampani zezixhobo ze-electrode ezimbi, ngaloo ndlela liphucula kwaye lidibanise isabelo salo semarike. Ukuze zingabi ngqongqo ngokupheleleyo, ezinye iinkampani ze-electrode ezimbi ngokwemvelo kufuneka zijoyine iqela lokwandisa amandla, kodwa uninzi lwazo lunamandla emveliso aphantsi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba nangona iinkampani zezinto ze-anode zandisa amandla azo emveliso, njengoko iimfuno zokusebenza kweemveliso zebhetri yamandla ziqhubeka zisanda, iimfuno eziphezulu zibekwe ekusebenzeni kwemveliso yezinto ze-anode. Iimveliso zegrafiti yendalo eziphezulu kunye negrafiti yokwenziwa zikhawulezisa ukutshintshwa kwezinto ze-anode ezikumgangatho ophantsi, oko kuthetha ukuba inani elikhulu lamashishini e-anode amancinci naphakathi awanakuhlangatyezwa yimfuno yeebhetri eziphezulu.
Uxinzelelo lwemarike luphucuka ngakumbi
Njengakwimarike yebhetri yamandla, uxinano lwemarike yezinto ze-anode luyanda ngakumbi, apho iinkampani ezimbalwa eziphambili zithatha isabelo esikhulu semarike.
Izibalo ze-GGII zibonisa ukuba ngo-2018, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ze-anode zebhetri ye-lithium yaseTshayina kufikelele kwiitoni ezili-192,000, ukunyuka kwe-31.2%.
Phakathi kwabo, i-Betray, i-Shanshan Technology, i-Jiangxi Zijing, i-Dongguan Kaijin, i-Xiangfenghua, i-Zhongke Xingcheng, i-Jiangxi Zhengtuo, i-Shenzhen Snow, i-Shenzhen Jinrun, i-Changsha Geji kunye nezinye iinkampani zezixhobo ezimbi ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kweshumi.
Ngowama-2018, ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ze-anode ze-TOP4 kudlule kwiitoni ezingama-25,000, kwaye isabelo semarike se-TOP4 sifikelele kwi-71%, sinyuke ngama-4 ekhulwini ukusuka ngo-2017, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwamashishini kunye neenkampani eziphambili emva kwendawo yesihlanu. Umsantsa womthamo uyanda. Isizathu esiphambili kukuba ipateni yokhuphiswano lwemarike yebhetri yamandla iye yatshintsha kakhulu, nto leyo ebangele utshintsho kwipateni yokhuphiswano lwezinto ze-anode.
Izibalo ze-GGII zibonisa ukuba amandla apheleleyo afakelweyo ebhetri yamandla yaseTshayina kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka ka-2019 ayemalunga ne-30.01GWh, ukunyuka konyaka nonyaka kwe-93%. Phakathi kwazo, amandla apheleleyo afakelweyo eenkampani ezilishumi eziphezulu zebhetri yamandla ayemalunga ne-26.38GWh, ebalelwa malunga ne-88% iyonke.
Phakathi kweenkampani ezilishumi eziphezulu zeebhetri zamandla ngokubhekiselele kumandla apheleleyo afakiweyo, kuphela iibhetri zexesha likaNingde, iBYD, iGuoxuan Hi-Tech, kunye neLishen eziphakathi kwezona zilishumi ziphezulu, kwaye uluhlu lwezinye iinkampani zeebhetri luyatshintshatshintsha inyanga nenyanga.
Ngenxa yotshintsho kwimarike yebhetri yamandla, ukhuphiswano lwemarike yezinto ze-anode nalo lutshintshile ngokufanelekileyo. Phakathi kwazo, iShanshan Technology, iJiangxi Zijing kunye neDongguan Kaijin zenziwe ikakhulu ngeemveliso zegrafiti zokwenziwa. Ziqhutywa liqela labathengi abakumgangatho ophezulu abafana neNingde Times, BYD, Yiwei Lithium Energy kunye neLishen Battery. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwanda kakhulu kwaye isabelo semarike sanda.
Ezinye zeenkampani zezixhobo ze-electrode ezingezizo ezombane ziye zahlangabezana nokwehla okukhulu kwamandla afakiweyo eemveliso zebhetri ezingezizo ezombane zenkampani ngo-2018.
Xa sijonga ukhuphiswano olukhoyo kwimarike yebhetri yamandla, imakethi yeenkampani ezilishumi eziphambili zebhetri iphezulu phantse ukuya kuma-90%, oko kuthetha ukuba amathuba emarike ezinye iinkampani zebhetri aya esanda, aze emva koko adluliselwe kwintsimi yezinto ze-anode eziphezulu, nto leyo eyenza iqela lamashishini amancinci naphakathi ajongane noxinzelelo olukhulu lokusinda.
I-GGII ikholelwa ukuba kwiminyaka emithathu ezayo, ukhuphiswano kwimarike yezinto ze-anode luya kuqina ngakumbi, kwaye amandla aphantsi okuphindaphinda aya kupheliswa. Amashishini aneetekhnoloji eziphambili kunye neendlela zabathengi eziluncedo aya kukwazi ukufezekisa ukukhula okukhulu.
Uxinzelelo lwemarike luya kuphucuka ngakumbi. Kumashishini ezixhobo ze-anode zomgca wesibini nowesithathu, uxinzelelo lokusebenza ngokuqinisekileyo luya kunyuka, kwaye kufuneka kucetywe indlela engaphambili.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-09-2019