Mu kinyejana cya 21, hamwe n'iterambere rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, amakuru, ingufu, ibikoresho, ubwubatsi bw'ibinyabuzima byabaye inkingi enye z'iterambere ry'umusaruro w'imibereho y'abaturage muri iki gihe, karubide ya silikoni bitewe n'imiterere ihamye ya shimi, ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe, ingano nto y'ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe buke, ubwiyongere buto, ubwiyongere bwiza bwo kwangirika, ubukana bwinshi, imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike, ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe n'ibindi biranga, iterambere ryihuse mu rwego rw'ibikoresho, Ikoreshwa cyane mu byuma bipima umupira bya ceramic, valves, ibikoresho bya semiconductor, gyro, igikoresho cyo gupima, ikirere n'ahandi.
Ibumba rya karubide rya silikoni ryakozwe kuva mu myaka ya 1960. Mbere, karubide ya silikoni yakoreshwaga cyane mu bikoresho byo gusya no gusya ibintu bishya. Ibihugu ku isi yose biha agaciro gakomeye inganda za karubide zigezweho, kandi ubu ntizinyuzwe gusa n'itegurwa rya karubide gakondo ya silikoni, ahubwo n'ikorwa ry'ibigo by'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ritera imbere vuba, cyane cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, karubide zishingiye ku bumba rya SIC zagaragaye imwe ku yindi, zinongera ubukana n'imbaraga by'ibikoresho bya monomer. Karubide ya silikoni ifite amashami ane y'ingenzi akoreshwa, ni ukuvuga karubide ikora, ibikoresho bishya bishya, ibintu bisya n'ibikoresho fatizo by'icyuma.
Ibumba rya silicon carbide rifite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika neza
Ibumba rya silicon carbide iki gicuruzwa cyigwa kandi kigaragazwa. Ubudahangarwa bw'ibumba rya silicon carbide iki gicuruzwa bungana n'inshuro 266 z'icyuma cya manganese, bingana n'inshuro 1741 z'icyuma cya chromium nyinshi. Ubudahangarwa bw'ibumba ni bwiza cyane. Biracyashobora kutuzigama amafaranga menshi. Ibumba rya silicon carbide rishobora gukoreshwa buri gihe mu gihe kirenga imyaka icumi.
Ibumba rya silicon carbide rifite imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwinshi n'uburemere bworoheje
Nk'ubwoko bushya bw'ibikoresho, gukoresha silicon carbide ceramics iki gicuruzwa gifite imbaraga nyinshi cyane, ubukana bwinshi, uburemere nabwo ni bworoshye cyane, silicon carbide ceramics nk'izi zikoreshwa, zishyirwamo kandi zisimbuzwa izivuzwe haruguru bizoroha cyane.
Urukuta rw'imbere rwa silicon carbide ceramic ruraryoshye kandi ntirubuza ifu
Ibumba rya karubide rya silikoni iki gicuruzwa gishyuha nyuma y'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bityo imiterere ya karubide ya silikoni iba nini cyane, ubuso buroroshye, ubwiza bw'ikoreshwa buzaba bwiza kurushaho, bityo bugakoreshwa mu muryango, ubwiza buzaba bwiza kurushaho.
Igiciro cya silicon carbide ceramics kiri hasi
Igiciro cyo gukora ibumba rya silicon carbide ubwacyo ni gito, bityo ntabwo dukeneye kugura igiciro cya silicon carbide ceramics gihenze cyane, bityo ku muryango wacu, ariko nanone bishobora kuzigama amafaranga menshi.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha karubide ya silikoni mu irangi:
Umupira wa keramike wa silikoni
Umupira wa keramike wa silicon carbide ufite imiterere myiza ya mekanike, urwanya ogisijeni neza, urwanya kwangirika cyane kandi ufite ubushobozi buke bwo kwangirika. Umupira wa keramike wa silicon carbide ufite ubushyuhe bwinshi, imbaraga zisanzwe za ceramic kuri dogere selisiyusi 1200 ~ 1400 zizagabanuka cyane, naho silicon carbide kuri dogere selisiyusi 1400 imbaraga zo guhinda zigakomeza ku rugero rwo hejuru rwa 500 ~ 600MPa, bityo ubushyuhe bwayo bwo gukora bushobora kugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 1600 ~ 1700.
Ibikoresho bya silikoni bivanze
Ibikoresho bya silicon carbide matrix (SiC-CMC) byakoreshejwe cyane mu bijyanye n'ikirere kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi bitewe n'ubukonje bwabyo bwinshi, imbaraga nyinshi no kudakoresha ogisijeni neza. Uburyo bwo gutegura SiC-CMC burimo gutunganya fibre, gutunganya ubushyuhe bwinshi, gusiga irangi rya mesophase, gukurura matrix na nyuma yo kuyitunganya. Fibre ya karuboni ikomeye cyane ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi ikomeye, kandi umubiri wakozweho ufite imiterere myiza ya mekanike.
Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi rya mesophase (ni ukuvuga ikoranabuhanga ryo kuzenguruka) ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi mu gutegura, uburyo bwo gutegura irangi rya mesophase burimo chemical vapor osmosis (CVI), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sol-sol method (Sol-gcl), polymer impregnation cracking method (PLP), uburyo bwiza cyane mu gutegura silicon carbide matrix composites ni CVI method na PIP method.
Ibikoresho byo gusiga hagati y’ibice birimo karuboni ya pyrolytic, boron nitride na boron carbide, muri byo karuboni ya boron nk'ubwoko bw'ubudahangarwa bwo gusiga hagati y’ibice byagiye byitabwaho cyane. SiC-CMC, ikoreshwa mu gihe kirekire mu bijyanye no gusiga hagati y’ibice bya oxidation, nayo igomba kunyura mu buvuzi bwo kurwanya oxidation, ni ukuvuga ko urwego rwa karuboni ya silikoni ifite ubugari bwa 100μm rushyirwa ku buso bw'ibicuruzwa hakoreshejwe CVD kugira ngo rwongere ubudahangarwa bwayo bwo kurwanya oxidation mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare 14-2023