Nau'ikan Graphite na Musamman

Graphite na musamman shine babban tsarki, babban yawa da ƙarfi mai girmagraphiteabu kuma yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa, kwanciyar hankali mai zafi da kuma kyakkyawan ikon amfani da wutar lantarki. An yi shi da graphite na halitta ko na wucin gadi bayan maganin zafi mai zafi da kuma sarrafa matsin lamba mai yawa kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a aikace-aikacen masana'antu a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi, matsin lamba mai yawa da kuma gurɓataccen yanayi.
Ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'ikan daban-daban, gami da isostaticstubalan graphite, tubalan graphite da aka fitar, an ƙera sutubalan graphitekuma ya girgizatubalan graphite.

Fasahohin Masana'antu:

Graphitewani sinadari ne na musamman wanda ba na ƙarfe ba wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin carbon da aka shirya a cikin tsarin lattice mai siffar hexagonal. Abu ne mai laushi da karyewa wanda ake amfani da shi a aikace-aikace daban-daban na masana'antu saboda keɓancewarsa ta musamman. Graphite na iya kiyaye ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali koda a yanayin zafi sama da 3600 °C. Yanzu bari in gabatar da tsarin samar da graphite na musamman.

Graphite mai kama da Isostatic, wanda aka yi da graphite mai tsarki ta hanyar latsawa, abu ne da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba a cikin kera tanderun lu'ulu'u guda ɗaya, masu amfani da ƙarfe na simintin ƙarfe, da kuma na'urorin lantarki na graphite don sarrafa fitar da walƙiya ta lantarki. Baya ga waɗannan manyan aikace-aikacen, ana amfani da shi sosai a fannoni na ƙarfe masu tauri (na'urorin dumama tanderun injina, faranti na sintering, da sauransu), hakar ma'adinai (ƙera injinan haƙa rami), masana'antar sinadarai (masu musayar zafi, sassan da ke jure tsatsa), ƙarfe (cicibles), da injina (hatimin injiniya).

Fasahar Gyaran Kayan Aiki

Ka'idar fasahar matsi ta isostatic ta dogara ne akan dokar Pascal. Tana canza matsi mai jagora ɗaya (ko biyu) na kayan zuwa matsi mai jagora da yawa (kowane gefe). A lokacin aikin, ƙwayoyin carbon koyaushe suna cikin yanayi mara tsari, kuma yawan ƙarar yana da daidaito daidai gwargwado tare da halayen isotropic. Bugu da ƙari, ba ya ƙarƙashin tsayin samfurin, don haka yana sa isostatic graphite ba shi da bambance-bambancen aiki ko kaɗan.
Dangane da zafin da ake samu da kuma yadda ake ƙarfafawa, ana iya raba fasahar matsi ta isostatic zuwa matsi mai sanyi, matsi mai dumi na isostatic, da kuma matsi mai zafi na isostatic. Kayayyakin matsi na Isostatic suna da yawan yawa, yawanci kashi 5% zuwa 15% sama da na samfuran matsi na mold mai hanya ɗaya ko biyu. Yawan da ke tsakanin samfuran matsi na isostatic zai iya kaiwa kashi 99.8% zuwa 99.09%.

Graphite mai ƙyalli yana da kyakkyawan aiki a cikin ƙarfin injina, juriya ga abrasion, yawa, tauri da kuma ikon amfani da wutar lantarki kuma waɗannan ayyukan za a iya ƙara inganta su ta hanyar sanya resin ko ƙarfe a cikin ruwa.
Graphite mai ƙyalli yana da kyakkyawan juriyar lantarki, juriyar zafin jiki mai yawa, juriyar lalata, tsarki mai yawa, man shafawa kai, juriyar girgizar zafi da sauƙin sarrafa kayan aiki, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a fannoni na ci gaba da simintin ƙarfe, ƙarfe mai tauri da kuma sintering na lantarki, walƙiyar lantarki, hatimin injiniya, da sauransu.

Fasahar Gyaran Kayan Aiki

Ana amfani da hanyar ƙera kayan don samar da ƙananan samfuran graphite da aka matse da sanyi ko kuma waɗanda aka tsara su da kyau. Manufar ita ce a cika wani adadin manna a cikin wani tsari mai siffar da girman da ake buƙata, sannan a shafa matsi daga sama ko ƙasa. Wani lokaci, a shafa matsi daga ɓangarorin biyu don matse manna zuwa siffar a cikin manne. Sannan a narkar da samfurin da aka matse, a sanyaya, a duba, sannan a tara.
Akwai na'urorin ƙera ƙarfe a tsaye da kuma a kwance. Hanyar ƙera ƙarfe gabaɗaya tana iya matse samfura ɗaya kawai a lokaci guda, don haka tana da ƙarancin ingancin samarwa. Duk da haka, tana iya samar da kayayyaki masu inganci waɗanda ba za a iya yin su ta wasu fasahohi ba. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya inganta ingancin samarwa ta hanyar danna maɓallai da yawa da layukan samarwa ta atomatik a lokaci guda.

Ana samar da graphite mai fitar da iska ta hanyar haɗa ƙwayoyin graphite masu tsarki da manne sannan a fitar da su a cikin wani abu mai fitar da iska. Idan aka kwatanta da graphite mai isostatic, graphite mai fitar da iska yana da girman hatsi mai kauri da ƙarancin ƙarfi, amma yana da mafi girman ƙarfin zafi da wutar lantarki.
A halin yanzu, yawancin kayayyakin carbon da graphite ana samar da su ne ta hanyar extrusion. Ana amfani da su galibi a matsayin abubuwan dumama da abubuwan da ke haifar da zafi a cikin hanyoyin magance zafi mai zafi. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da tubalan graphite a matsayin electrodes don gudanar da canja wurin lantarki a cikin hanyoyin electrolysis. Saboda haka, ana amfani da su sosai a matsayin hatimin injiniya, kayan sarrafa zafi da kayan lantarki a cikin yanayi mai tsanani kamar zafin jiki mai yawa, matsin lamba mai yawa, da kuma babban gudu.

Fasahar Gyaran Kayan Aiki

Hanyar fitar da manna ita ce a ɗora manna a cikin silindar manna ta danna manna sannan a fitar da shi. Manna tana da zoben fitarwa mai maye gurbinsa (ana iya maye gurbinsa don canza siffar da girman samfurin) a gabanta, kuma an samar da baffle mai motsi a gaban zoben fitarwa. Babban matse manna yana bayan silindar manna.
Kafin a shafa matsi, a sanya baffle a gaban zoben extrusion, sannan a shafa matsi daga akasin haka don a matse manne. Idan an cire baffle ɗin kuma aka ci gaba da shafa matsi, ana fitar da manne daga zoben extrusion. A yanke tsiri mai extrusion ɗin zuwa tsawon da ake so, a sanyaya shi a duba kafin a tara shi. Hanyar extrusion tsari ne na samarwa mai ci gaba, wanda ke nufin cewa bayan an ƙara wani adadin manne, ana iya ci gaba da fitar da kayayyaki da yawa (tubalan graphite, kayan graphite).
A halin yanzu, yawancin samfuran carbon da graphite ana samar da su ta hanyar extrusion.

Graphite mai girgiza yana da tsari iri ɗaya tare da matsakaicin girman hatsi. Bugu da ƙari, yana shahara sosai saboda ƙarancin tokar da ke cikinsa, ƙarfin injina mai ƙarfi, da kuma kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na lantarki da zafi, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai don sarrafa manyan kayan aiki. Hakanan ana iya ƙara ƙarfafa shi bayan an yi amfani da resin impregnation ko maganin hana oxidation.
Ana amfani da shi sosai a matsayin abin dumama da rufewa a cikin samar da tanderun silicon polysilicon da monocrystalline a cikin masana'antar photovoltaic. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kera murfin dumama, abubuwan musayar zafi, narkewa da jefa ƙugiya, gina n nodes da ake amfani da su a cikin hanyoyin lantarki, da kuma kera ƙugiya don narkewa da haɗawa.

Fasahar Gyaran Kayan Aiki

Ka'idar yin graphite mai girgiza ita ce a cika mold ɗin da cakuda mai kama da manna, sannan a sanya farantin ƙarfe mai nauyi a saman sa. A mataki na gaba, ana matse kayan ta hanyar girgiza mold ɗin. Idan aka kwatanta da graphite mai fitarwa, graphite da aka samar ta hanyar girgiza yana da mafi girman isotropy. Ana samar da samfuran graphite ta hanyar extrusion.