Mitundu ya Graphite Yapadera

Graphite yapadera ndi chiyero chapamwamba, kachulukidwe kapamwamba komanso mphamvu yayikulugraphitendipo ili ndi kukana dzimbiri bwino, kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwambiri komanso kuyendetsa bwino magetsi. Imapangidwa ndi graphite yachilengedwe kapena yopangidwa pambuyo pokonza kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale m'malo otentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri komanso malo owononga.
Ikhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo isostaticmidadada ya graphite, mabuloko a graphite otulutsidwa, opangidwamidadada ya graphitendipo inagwedezekamidadada ya graphite.

Ukadaulo Wopanga Zinthu:

Graphitendi chinthu chapadera chosakhala chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi maatomu a kaboni omwe ali mu kapangidwe ka hexagonal lattice. Ndi chinthu chofewa komanso chophwanyika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera. Graphite imatha kusunga mphamvu zake komanso kukhazikika ngakhale kutentha kopitilira 3600 °C. Tsopano ndiloleni ndikuuzeni njira yopangira graphite yapadera.

Graphite yosasunthika, yopangidwa ndi graphite yoyera kwambiri pokanikiza, ndi chinthu chosasinthika chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ng'anjo imodzi ya kristalo, ma crystallizer a graphite opangidwa ndi zitsulo, ndi ma electrode a graphite opangira ma spark discharge machining amagetsi. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito zazikuluzikuluzi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo a hard alloys (zotenthetsera ng'anjo ya vacuum, mbale zosungunulira, ndi zina zotero), migodi (kupanga ma drill bit molds), makampani opanga mankhwala (zosinthira kutentha, zigawo zosagwirizana ndi dzimbiri), zitsulo (zopangira zinthu zophimbidwa), ndi makina (zotsekereza zamakina).

Ukadaulo Wopanga Mapulani

Mfundo ya ukadaulo wokanikiza wa isostatic imachokera ku lamulo la Pascal. Imasintha kukanikiza kwa unidirectional (kapena bidirectional) kwa zinthuzo kukhala multi-directional (omnidirectional). Panthawiyi, tinthu ta kaboni nthawi zonse timakhala mu mkhalidwe wosakhazikika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa voliyumu kumakhala kofanana ndi katundu wa isotropic. Kupatula apo, sikumatengera kutalika kwa chinthucho, motero zimapangitsa kuti graphite ya isostatic ikhale yopanda kusiyana kapena yaying'ono pakugwira ntchito.
Malinga ndi kutentha komwe kupangika ndi kulimba kumachitika, ukadaulo wokanikiza wa isostatic ungagawidwe m'magulu awiri: kukanikiza kozizira kwa isostatic, kukanikiza kotentha kwa isostatic, ndi kukanikiza kotentha kwa isostatic. Zogulitsa zokanikiza za isostatic zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri 5% mpaka 15% kuposa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokanikiza nkhungu m'njira imodzi kapena ziwiri. Kuchulukana kwa zinthu zokanikiza za isostatic kumatha kufika 99.8% mpaka 99.09%.

Graphite yopangidwa ndi utomoni ili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri pa mphamvu ya makina, kukana kukwawa, kuchulukana, kuuma ndi kuyendetsa magetsi ndipo magwiridwe antchito amenewa akhoza kuwonjezeredwa poika utomoni kapena chitsulo m'thupi.
Graphite yopangidwa ndi utomoni imakhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zabwino, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana dzimbiri, kuyera kwambiri, kudzipaka mafuta, kukana kutentha komanso kusinthasintha kosavuta, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo monga kuponyera kosalekeza, alloy yolimba komanso sintering yamagetsi, mphamvu zamagetsi, chisindikizo chamakina, ndi zina zotero.

Ukadaulo Wopanga Mapulani

Njira yopangira phala nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga graphite yaying'ono yoponderezedwa yozizira kapena zinthu zopangidwa bwino. Mfundo yake ndi kudzaza phala linalake mu chikombole cha mawonekedwe ndi kukula kofunikira, kenako nkupaka mphamvu kuchokera pamwamba kapena pansi. Nthawi zina, gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu kuchokera mbali zonse ziwiri kuti mukanikize phala kuti likhale lofanana ndi chikombolecho. Kenako chinthu chomalizidwa pang'ono chimachotsedwa, kuziziritsidwa, kuyang'aniridwa, ndikuyikidwa m'mizere.
Pali makina owumba oimirira ndi opingasa. Njira yowumba nthawi zambiri imatha kukanikiza chinthu chimodzi nthawi imodzi, kotero imakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa yopangira. Komabe, imatha kupanga zinthu zolondola kwambiri zomwe sizingapangidwe ndi ukadaulo wina. Kuphatikiza apo, mphamvu yopangira imatha kukwezedwa mwa kukanikiza nthawi imodzi mitundu ingapo ya nkhungu ndi mizere yopangira yokha.

Graphite yotulutsidwa imapangidwa mwa kusakaniza tinthu ta graphite toyera kwambiri ndi chomangira kenako n’kuchitulutsa mu chotulutsira. Poyerekeza ndi graphite ya isostatic, graphite yotulutsidwayo ili ndi kukula kwa tinthu tating’onoting’ono komanso mphamvu yochepa, koma ili ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso magetsi ambiri.
Pakadali pano, zinthu zambiri za kaboni ndi graphite zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotulutsira mpweya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zinthu zotenthetsera ndi zinthu zoyendetsera kutentha kwambiri pochiza kutentha kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mabuloko a graphite angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati ma electrode kuti agwire ntchito yotumiza mphamvu mu njira zamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zomangira zamakina, zinthu zoyendetsera kutentha ndi zinthu zamagetsi m'malo ovuta kwambiri monga kutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso kuthamanga kwambiri.

Ukadaulo Wopanga Mapulani

Njira yotulutsira madzi ndi kuyika phala mu silinda ya phala ya makina osindikizira ndikutulutsa. Makina osindikizira ali ndi mphete yotulutsira madzi yomwe ingasinthidwe (ingasinthidwe kuti isinthe mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa chinthucho) patsogolo pake, ndipo cholumikizira chosunthika chimaperekedwa patsogolo pa mphete yotulutsira madzi. Chopondera chachikulu cha makina osindikizira chili kumbuyo kwa silinda ya phala.
Musanagwiritse ntchito mphamvu, ikani baffle patsogolo pa mphete yotulutsira, ndipo ikani mphamvu kuchokera mbali ina kuti mufinye phala. Baffle ikachotsedwa ndipo mphamvu ikupitiliza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, phala limatulutsidwa kuchokera ku mphete yotulutsira. Dulani mzere wotulutsirawo m'litali lomwe mukufuna, muziziziritse ndikuyang'ana musanayike. Njira yotulutsira ndi njira yopangira yopitilira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pambuyo poti phala linalake lawonjezeredwa, zinthu zingapo (zopangira graphite, zinthu za graphite) zimatha kutulutsidwa mosalekeza.
Pakadali pano, zinthu zambiri za kaboni ndi graphite zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotulutsira.

Graphite yogwedezeka ili ndi kapangidwe kofanana ndi kukula kwa tirigu wapakati. Kupatula apo, imakhala yotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha phulusa lake lochepa, mphamvu yamakina yowonjezera, komanso kukhazikika kwamagetsi ndi kutentha, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza zinthu zazikulu. Itha kuwonjezeredwanso pambuyo pothira utomoni kapena mankhwala oletsa okosijeni.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chinthu chotenthetsera ndi kutchinjiriza popanga ma polysilicon ndi ma monocrystalline silicon furnaces mumakampani opanga photovoltaic. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga ma heating hood, heat exchanger components, melting and casting crucibles, kupanga ma n nodes omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu electrolytic processes, komanso kupanga ma crucibles osungunula ndi kusakaniza.

Ukadaulo Wopanga Mapulani

Mfundo yopangira graphite yogwedezeka ndi kudzaza nkhungu ndi chisakanizo chonga phala, kenako kuyika mbale yachitsulo cholemera pamwamba pake. Pa sitepe yotsatira, zinthuzo zimapindika pogwedeza nkhungu. Poyerekeza ndi graphite yotulutsidwa, graphite yopangidwa ndi kugwedezeka imakhala ndi isotropy yapamwamba. Zinthu zopangidwa ndi graphite zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotulutsira.