Ubwoko bwa Graphite yihariye

Graphite yihariye ni ubuziranenge bwinshi, ubucucike bwinshi n'imbaraga nyinshigrafitiibikoresho kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese neza, ubushyuhe bwinshi burambye kandi ikora neza cyane. Ikozwe muri grafiti karemano cyangwa iy'ubukorikori nyuma yo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwinshi no gutunganya umuvuduko mwinshi kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda mu bushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi n'ibidukikije byangiza.
Ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butandukanye burimo iy’isukuibiti bya grafiti, uduce twa grafiti twakuwemo, twakozwe mu buryo bwaibiti bya grafitikandi byaratinzeibiti bya grafiti.

Ikoranabuhanga mu by'Inganda:

Grafitini ikintu cyihariye kidakozwe mu byuma kigizwe na atome za karuboni zitondetse mu buryo bwa hexagonal lattice. Ni ibikoresho byoroshye kandi byoroshye gukoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye bitewe n'imiterere yabyo yihariye. Graphite ishobora kugumana imbaraga zayo no kudahungabana ndetse no mu bushyuhe burenga 3600 °C. Noneho reka mbagezeho uburyo bwo gukora graphite yihariye.

Grafiti ya isostatic, ikozwe muri grafiti nziza cyane hakoreshejwe gukanda, ni ibikoresho bidasimburwa bikoreshwa mu gukora amatanura ya kristu imwe, ibyuma bicukura icyuma gikomeza gucukura icyuma, na electrode za grafiti mu gutunganya amashanyarazi. Uretse izi porogaramu z'ingenzi, ikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho bikomeye (ibishyushya ibyuma bivacuum, amasahani acukura, nibindi), gucukura amabuye y'agaciro (gukora imashini zicukura), inganda zikora imiti (ibihindura ubushyuhe, ibice birwanya ingese), ibyuma (ibicanwa), n'imashini (ibifunga by'imashini).

Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gutunganya Imbunda

Ihame ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukanda isostatic rishingiye ku itegeko rya Pascal. Rihindura uburyo ibintu bikanda unidirectional (cyangwa bidirectional) mo multi-directional (omnidirectional). Mu gihe cy'igikorwa, uduce twa karuboni tuba turi mu mimerere idahwitse, kandi ubucucike bw'ingano bungana neza hamwe n'imiterere ya isotropic. Byongeye kandi, ntabwo igengwa n'uburebure bw'umusaruro, bityo bigatuma grafiti isostatic itagira itandukaniro cyangwa idafite imikorere myinshi.
Dukurikije ubushyuhe aho ikorwa n'ingufu bibaho, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukanda isostatic rishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: gukanda isostatic ikonje, gukanda isostatic ishyushye, no gukanda isostatic ishyushye. Ibicuruzwa byo gukanda isostatic bifite ubucucike bwinshi, ubusanzwe buri hagati ya 5% na 15% ugereranyije n'ibicuruzwa byo gukanda mold mu cyerekezo kimwe cyangwa bibiri. Ubucucike bw'ibicuruzwa byo gukanda isostatic bushobora kugera kuri 99.8% kugeza 99.09%.

Graphite ikoze mu buryo bwa “moderi” ifite ubushobozi buhebuje mu gukomera kwa mashini, kurwanya kwangirika, ubucucike, gukomera no gutwara amashanyarazi kandi iyi mikorere ishobora kunozwa kurushaho hakoreshejwe resin cyangwa icyuma.
Graphite ikoze mu buryo bwa “molded graphite” ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi neza, irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, irwanya ingese, isukuye cyane, ikoresha amavuta ubwayo, irwanya ubushyuhe n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora neza, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye no gucukura mu buryo buhoraho, gukoresha imashini ikomeye n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, gukoresha amashanyarazi, gufunga ibikoresho, nibindi.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gutunganya Imbunda

Uburyo bwo gushushanya bukoreshwa mu gukora grafiti ntoya cyangwa ibikoresho bifite imiterere myiza. Ihame ni ukuzuza ingano runaka ya paste mu ibumba rifite imiterere n'ingano bikenewe, hanyuma ugashyiraho igitutu uhereye hejuru cyangwa hasi. Hari igihe, ushyira igitutu uhereye mu byerekezo byombi kugira ngo ukandagire paste mu ishusho iri mu ibumba. Igicuruzwa cyakaswe gikozwe mu gice cyakaswe gikurwaho, gikonjeshwa, kigasuzumwa, hanyuma kigashyirwa hamwe.
Hariho imashini zo gushushanya zihagaze n’izitambitse. Uburyo bwo gushushanya muri rusange bushobora gukanda ikintu kimwe icyarimwe, bityo bufite umusaruro muke. Ariko, bushobora gukora ibintu bifite ubuhanga buhanitse budashobora gukorwa n’izindi koranabuhanga. Byongeye kandi, umusaruro ushobora kunozwa binyuze mu gukanda icyarimwe imashini nyinshi n’imirongo ikora mu buryo bwikora.

Graphite ivangwa ikorwa binyuze mu kuvanga uduce twa graphite twiza cyane n'icyuma gifunga hanyuma kikavangwa mu cyuma gisohora. Ugereranyije na graphite isostatic, graphite ivangwa ifite ingano ikomeye kandi ifite imbaraga nke, ariko ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi n'amashanyarazi.
Muri iki gihe, ibicuruzwa byinshi bya karuboni na grafiti bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusohora. Bikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'ibintu bishyushya n'ibikoresha ubushyuhe mu buryo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Byongeye kandi, ibice bya grafiti bishobora no gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresha amashanyarazi mu gukora ihererekanya ry'amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa electrolysis. Kubwibyo, bikoreshwa cyane nk'ibifunga bya mekanike, ibikoresho bikoresha ubushyuhe n'ibikoresho bya electrode mu bidukikije bikomeye nko mu bushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko mwinshi, n'umuvuduko mwinshi.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gutunganya Imbunda

Uburyo bwo gusohora ni ugushyira ifu mu cyuma gipfunyika cy’icyuma gicapa hanyuma ukagisohora. Ifu ipfunyika ifite impeta ishobora gusimburwa (ishobora gusimburwa kugira ngo ihindure imiterere n’ingano by’ikintu) imbere yayo, kandi hatangwa agace k’icyuma kagendanwa imbere y’ifunyika. Agace k’ingenzi k’icyuma gicapa kari inyuma y’icyuma gipfunyika.
Mbere yo gushyiramo igitutu, shyira agace k'ibumba imbere y'impeta yo gusohora, hanyuma ushyiremo igitutu mu cyerekezo gitandukanye kugira ngo ukandagire ibumba. Iyo ibumba rikuweho kandi igitutu gikomeje gushyirwaho, ibumba rivanwa mu mpeta yo gusohora. Kata agace kari hanze mu burebure wifuza, ukarikonjesha hanyuma urebe mbere yo kurishyira hamwe. Uburyo bwo gusohora ni inzira yo gukora ibumba idahinduka, bivuze ko nyuma yo kongeramo ingano runaka ya ibumba, ibicuruzwa byinshi (uduce twa grafiti, ibikoresho bya grafiti) bishobora gukurwamo buri gihe.
Muri iki gihe, ibintu byinshi bya karuboni na grafiti bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusohora.

Graphite ihindagurika ifite imiterere imwe ifite ubunini buringaniye. Uretse ibyo, ikundwa cyane kubera ko ifite ivu rike, imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike, kandi ikaba idahindagurika neza mu mashanyarazi no mu bushyuhe, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya ibikoresho binini. Ishobora kandi gukomezwa nyuma yo gutera resin cyangwa kurwanya oxidation.
Ikoreshwa cyane nk'ikintu gishyushya no gushyushya mu gukora amatanura ya polisilicon na monocrystalline silicon mu nganda zikora photovoltaic. Ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora amabati ashyushya, ibice bihindura ubushyuhe, gushonga no gutwika, kubaka utudomo twa n dukoreshwa mu mikorere ya electrolytic, no gukora ibicanwa byo gushonga no guteranya.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gutunganya Imbunda

Ihame ryo gukora grafiti ihindagurika ni ukuzuza ibumba uruvange rumeze nk'umusemburo, hanyuma ugashyira hejuru yaryo icyuma gikomeye. Mu ntambwe ikurikiraho, ibikoresho bihuzwa no kuzunguza ibumba. Ugereranyije na grafiti isohoka, grafiti ikorwa no kuzunguza ifite isotropi yo hejuru. Ibikomoka kuri grafiti bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusohora.