Nyuma y’imyaka irenga 80 y’iterambere, inganda za karuboni mu Bushinwa zabaye inganda z’ingenzi z’ibinyabutabire. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ubukungu bw’imbere mu gihugu n’ubwiyongere bw’ingufu za karuboni mu mazi, ubushobozi bwo gukora karuboni mu mazu bwariyongereye cyane. Mu 2012, hari ibigo 311 bya karuboni mu Bushinwa, kandi umusaruro wageze kuri toni miliyoni 18. Mu bikoresho bya karuboni mu itanura rya karuboni, electrode ni kimwe mu bikoresho by’ingenzi, bigira uruhare mu kuyobora no kohereza ubushyuhe. Mu gukora karuboni mu itanura, amashanyarazi yinjira mu itanura binyuze muri electrode kugira ngo hakorwe arc, kandi ubushyuhe bwo guhangana n’ubushyuhe bwa arc bikoreshwa mu kurekura ingufu (ubushyuhe bugera kuri 2000 ° C) kugira ngo karuboni ishongeshwe. Imikorere isanzwe ya electrode iterwa n’ibintu nk’ubwiza bwa electrode paste, ubwiza bw’agasanduku ka electrode, ubwiza bwo gusudira, uburebure bw’igihe cyo kurekura umuvuduko, n’uburebure bw’akazi ka electrode. Mu gihe cyo gukoresha electrode, urwego rw’imikorere rw’uyikoresha rurakomeye cyane. Gukoresha nabi electrode bishobora gutuma electrode icikagurika byoroshye kandi bikomeye, bigira ingaruka ku ihererekanya n'ihinduka ry'ingufu z'amashanyarazi, bigatera kwangirika kw'umuriro, ndetse bigatera kwangirika kw'imashini n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Umutekano w'ubuzima bw'umukoresha. Urugero, ku ya 7 Ugushyingo 2006, electrode yacitse buhoro buhoro mu ruganda rwa karubone i Ningxia, bituma abakozi 12 bari aho hantu batwikwa, harimo 1 wapfuye n'abakomeretse bikomeye 9. Mu 2009, electrode yacitse cyane mu ruganda rwa karubone i Xinjiang, bituma abakozi batanu bari aho hantu batwikwa bikomeye.
Isesengura ry'impamvu zitera kuvunika kw'icyuma gishyushya karubone karubone
1. Isesengura ry'impamvu y'icikagurika ryoroheje rya electrode y'ifuru ya karuboni
Umuvuduko wo gutwika wa electrode uba uri hasi ugereranije n'umuvuduko wo gukoresha. Iyo electrode idashyushye ishyizwe hasi, bizatuma electrode icika buhoro buhoro. Kunanirwa gusohora igikoresho gikoresha itanura ku gihe bishobora gutera gushya. Impamvu zihariye zituma electrode icika buhoro ni izi:
1.1 Ubwiza bubi bwa electrode paste hamwe n'ihindagurika ryinshi ry'amashanyarazi.
1.2 Urupapuro rw'icyuma rw'igishishwa cya electrode ni rugufi cyane cyangwa runini cyane. Rugufi cyane ku buryo rudashobora kwihanganira imbaraga nini zo hanze no gucika, bigatuma umuyoboro wa electrode upfundika cyangwa uvamo hanyuma ugacika buhoro iyo ukandagiye hasi; runini cyane ku buryo rutuma igishishwa cy'icyuma n'umutima wa electrode bitaba hafi kandi umutima ushobora gutera gucika koroshye.
1.3 Igikoresho cy'icyuma cya electrode ntigikorwa neza cyangwa ubuziranenge bwo gusudira burakeye, bigatera imiyoboro, bigatera kuva amazi cyangwa gucika byoroshye.
1.4 Electrode ikandagirwa kandi igashyirwa kenshi cyane, hagati yayo ni ngufi cyane, cyangwa electrode ikaba ndende cyane, bigatuma icika buhoro.
1.5 Iyo electrode paste idashyizwemo igihe, aho electrode paste iherereye iba iri hejuru cyane cyangwa hasi cyane, ibyo bigatuma electrode icika.
1.6 Ifu ya electrode ni nini cyane, iyo wongeyeho ifu, ihagaze ku mbavu kandi iri hejuru y'urukuta, ishobora gutuma icika buhoro.
1.7 Electrode ntiyogoshwe neza. Iyo electrode imanuwe na nyuma yo kuyimanuka, umuriro ntushobora kugenzurwa neza, ku buryo umuriro uba munini cyane, kandi agasanduku k'amashanyarazi karatwikwa kandi electrode ikavunika buhoro.
1.8 Iyo umuvuduko wo kugabanya electrode wihuta kurusha umuvuduko wo gushonga, ibice byo gufunga mu ishusho bigaragaye, cyangwa ibintu biyobora amashanyarazi bigiye gushyirwa ahagaragara, agasanduku k'amashanyarazi gafite umuriro wose kandi gatanga ubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyo agasanduku k'amashanyarazi gashyushye hejuru ya 1200 ° C, imbaraga zo gukurura ziragabanuka kugeza ku gihe. Ntibishobora kwihanganira uburemere bwa electrode, hazabaho impanuka yoroshye.
2. Isesengura ry'impamvu ya electrode y'ifuru ya karuboni karuboni
Iyo electrode yangiritse, iyo karubone ya kalisiyumu ishongeshejwe irashwanyaguritse, umukozi nta ngamba zo kuyirinda agira kandi kunanirwa kuyivamo ku gihe bishobora gutera ubushye. Impamvu zihariye zituma electrode icika cyane ni izi:
2.1 Ubusanzwe electrode paste ntabwo ibikwa neza, ivu riba ririmo rinini cyane, imyanda myinshi irashyirwamo, electrode paste irimo ibintu bike cyane bihindagurika, gushya vuba cyangwa gufata nabi, bigatuma electrode icika cyane.
2.2 Imiterere itandukanye ya electrode paste, ingano nto ya binder, kuvanga bitangana, imbaraga nke za electrode, n'ibifunga bidakwiye. Iyo electrode paste ishongeshejwe, ubunini bw'uduce buragabanuka, ibyo bikagabanya imbaraga za electrode kandi bigatera electrode gucika.
2.3 Hari ibura ry'amashanyarazi kenshi, kandi amashanyarazi akunze guhagarara no gufungurwa. Mu gihe amashanyarazi yabuze, nta ngamba za ngombwa zafashwe, bigatuma amashanyarazi acika kandi agashya.
2.4 Hari ivumbi ryinshi rigwa mu gishishwa cya electrode, cyane cyane nyuma y'igihe kirekire cyo kuzimya, urwego runini rw'ivu ruzirunda mu gishishwa cya electrode. Iyo ridasukuwe nyuma yo kohereza ingufu, electrode irashwanyagurika kandi igacika, ibyo bigatuma Electrode icika cyane.
2.5 Igihe cy'ibura ry'amashanyarazi ni kirekire, kandi igice cy'imikorere ya electrode ntigitwikiriwe mu muyoboro ngo gihindurwemo ogisijeni cyane, ibyo bigatuma electrode icika cyane.
2.6 Ama-electrode akunze gukonja vuba no gushyuha vuba, bigatuma habaho itandukaniro rikomeye ry’imihangayiko imbere; urugero, itandukaniro ry’ubushyuhe hagati y’ama-electrode yinjijwe imbere n’inyuma y’ibikoresho mu gihe cyo kuyasana; itandukaniro ry’ubushyuhe hagati y’imbere n’inyuma y’ikintu gikorana ni rinini; ubushyuhe budahagije mu gihe cyo kohereza ingufu bushobora gutera gucika cyane.
2.7 Uburebure bw'imikorere ya electrode ni burebure cyane kandi imbaraga zo kuyikurura ni nini cyane, ibyo bikaba umutwaro kuri electrode ubwayo. Iyo igikorwa kidakozwe neza, gishobora no gutuma icika cyane.
2.8 Ingano y'umwuka utangwa n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni muto cyane cyangwa uhagaze, kandi ingano y'amazi akonje ni nto cyane, ibyo bigatuma electrode ishonga cyane igahinduka nk'amazi, bigatuma uduce twa karuboni dutangira gushonga, bigira ingaruka ku mbaraga za electrode, kandi bigatuma electrode icika cyane.
2.9 Ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi ya electrode ni bwinshi, bishobora gutuma electrode icika cyane.
Ingamba zo kwirinda gucika kw'amashanyarazi yoroshye kandi akomeye
1. Ingamba zo kwirinda gucika buhoro buhoro kw'itanura rya karuboni karuboni
1.1 Kugenzura neza uburebure bw'imikorere ya electrode kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu gukora karubone ya kalisiyumu.
1.2 Umuvuduko wo kugabanya ugomba kuba ujyanye n'umuvuduko wo gutwika electrode.
1.3 Suzuma buri gihe uburebure bwa electrode n'uburyo bworoshye n'ubukomeye; ushobora kandi gukoresha icyuma gifata electrode no kumva ijwi. Iyo wumvise ijwi rituje cyane, rigaragara ko ari electrode ikuze. Iyo ritatuje cyane, electrode iba yoroshye cyane. Byongeye kandi, ibyiyumvo nabyo biratandukanye. Iyo icyuma gituje kitumvise ubushobozi bwo gukomera iyo gikomejwe, bigaragaza ko electrode yoroshye kandi ko umutwaro ugomba kuzamurwa buhoro buhoro.
1.4 Suzuma buri gihe niba electrode ikuze (ushobora gusuzuma imiterere y'iyo electrode ukurikije ubunararibonye, urugero nk'iyo electrode nziza igaragaza uruhu rw'icyuma rutukura cyane; iyo electrode ni umweru, ifite imitumba imbere, kandi uruhu rw'icyuma ntirugaragara, rwumye cyane, iyo electrode isohora umwotsi w'umukara, umukara, agace k'umweru, ubwiza bwa electrode ni bworoshye).
1.5 Suzuma buri gihe ubwiza bw'icyuma gisudira cy'amashanyarazi, igice kimwe kuri buri gice gisudira, n'igice kimwe kugira ngo gisuzumwe.
1.6 Suzuma buri gihe ubwiza bwa electrode paste.
1.7 Mu gihe cyo kongera ingufu no kongera imbaraga, umutwaro ntushobora kongerwa vuba cyane. Umutwaro ugomba kongerwa bitewe n'igihe electrode imaze gukura.
1.8 Reba buri gihe niba imbaraga zo gufunga z'ikintu gihuza electrode zikwiye.
1.9 Pima buri gihe uburebure bw'inkingi ya electrode paste, ntabwo ari hejuru cyane.
1.10 Abakozi bakora ibikorwa bishyuha cyane bagomba kwambara ibikoresho byirinda ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ibisigazwa by'amazi.
2. Ingamba zo kwirinda gucika cyane kwa electrode y'ifuru ya karuboni ya karuboni
2.1 Fata neza uburebure bw'imikorere ya electrode. Electrode igomba gupimwa buri minsi ibiri kandi igomba kuba ari nyayo. Muri rusange, uburebure bw'imikorere ya electrode bwemejwe ko ari 1800-2000mm. Ntibyemewe kuba birebire cyane cyangwa bigufi cyane.
2.2 Iyo electrode ari ndende cyane, ushobora kongera igihe cyo kurekura umuvuduko no kugabanya igipimo cya electrode muri iki cyiciro.
2.3 Genzura neza ubwiza bwa electrode paste. Ivu rishobora kurenza agaciro kagenwe.
2.4 Genzura witonze ingano y'umwuka ugera kuri electrode n'aho icyuma gishyushya giherereye.
2.5 Nyuma y'ibura ry'amashanyarazi, electrode igomba kugumana ubushyuhe bushoboka. Electrode igomba gutwikirwa hamwe n'ibikoresho kugira ngo electrode idahinduka ogisijeni. Umutwaro ntushobora kuzamurwa vuba cyane nyuma yo kohereza ingufu. Iyo igihe cyo kubura kw'amashanyarazi ari kirekire, hindura electrode ishyushya amashanyarazi yo mu bwoko bwa Y.
2.6 Iyo electrode ivunitse cyane inshuro nyinshi zikurikiranye, bigomba kugenzurwa niba ubwiza bwa electrode paste buhuye n'ibisabwa mu buryo.
2.7 Umwobo w'amashanyarazi nyuma yo gushyiraho ifu ugomba gupfundikirwa n'umupfundikizo kugira ngo ivumbi ridagwamo.
2.8 Abakozi bakora ibikorwa bishyuha cyane bagomba kwambara ibikoresho byihariye bikingira ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ibisigazwa by'amazi.
mu gusoza
Gutunganya karubide ya kalisiyumu bigomba kugira uburambe bwinshi mu gukora. Buri itanura rya karubide ya kalisiyumu rifite imiterere yaryo mu gihe runaka. Ikigo kigomba gusobanura uburambe bw'ingirakamaro mu gukora, kongera ishoramari mu gukora neza, no gusesengura neza ibintu bishobora gutera impanuka zoroshye kandi zikomeye za electrode ya karubide. Sisitemu yo gucunga umutekano wa electrode, uburyo burambuye bwo gukora, kongera amahugurwa y'umwuga ku bakoresha, ibikoresho birinda umwanda hakurikijwe ibisabwa, gutegura gahunda z'impanuka n'imyitozo y'ubutabazi, no gukora imyitozo ihoraho kugira ngo hagenzurwe neza impanuka za karubide ya kalisiyumu no kugabanya igihombo cy'impanuka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-24-2019