Muratidziri weUniversal Hydrogen's hydrogen fuel cells akaita rwendo rwake rwekutanga kuenda kuMoss Lake, Washington, svondo rapfuura. Kubhururuka kwekuyedza kwakatora maminetsi gumi nemashanu uye kwakasvika pakakwirira pemamita 1,500. Nzvimbo yekuyedza iyi yakavakirwa paDash8-300, ndege huru pane dzose pasi rose dzine hydrogen fuel cells.
Ndege iyi, ine zita remadunhurirwa rekuti Lightning McClean, yakasimuka kubva kuGrant County International Airport (KMWH) nenguva dza8:45 mangwanani musi wa2 Kurume ndokusvika pakakwirira kwemamita 3,500 mushure memaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Kubhururuka uku, zvichibva pachitupa cheFAA Special Airworthiness, ndiyo yekutanga yekubhururuka kwemakore maviri inotarisirwa kupera muna 2025. Ndege iyi, yakashandurwa kubva kuATR 72 regional jet, ine injini imwe chete yekutanga yefossil fuel turbine kuti ive yakachengeteka, nepo yasara ichishandiswa nehydrogen chaiyo.
Universal Hydrogen ine chinangwa chekuti mabasa ekubhururuka munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana ashande nema hydrogen fuel cells panosvika gore ra2025. Mukuyedza uku, injini inofambiswa nehydrogen fuel cell yakachena inoburitsa mvura chete uye haisvibisi mhepo. Nekuti kuyedza kwayo kwekutanga, imwe injini ichiri kushanda nemafuta akajairwa. Saka kana ukaitarisa, pane musiyano mukuru pakati peinjini dzekuruboshwe nedzekurudyi, kunyangwe dhayamita yemablades nenhamba yemablades. Sekureva kweUniversal Hydrogren, ndege dzinofambiswa nema hydrogen fuel cells dzakachengeteka, dzakachipa kushanda uye hadzina simba rakawanda panharaunda. Ma hydrogen fuel cells avo ari modular uye anogona kutakurwa nekuburitswa kuburikidza nenzvimbo dziripo dzekutakura zvinhu panhandare yendege, saka nhandare yendege inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuzadzikisa ndege dzinofambiswa nehydrogen pasina kuchinjwa. Mukufunga, majeti makuru anogona kuita zvakafanana, nema turbofans anofambiswa nema hydrogen fuel cells anotarisirwa kushandiswa pakati pemakore ekuma2030.
Kutaura zvazviri, Paul Eremenko, muvambi pamwe chete uye CEO weUniversal Hydrogen, anotenda kuti ndege dzejetliner dzichafanira kufamba nehydrogen yakachena pakati pemakore ekuma2030, zvikasadaro indasitiri ichafanira kudzikamisa ndege kuti isvike pazvinangwa zveindasitiri yese zveutsi. Mugumisiro wacho uchava kukwira kwakanyanya kwemitengo yematikiti uye kutambura kwekuwana tikiti. Saka, zvakakosha kukurudzira kutsvagisa nekugadzirwa kwendege itsva dzesimba. Asi rwendo rwekutanga urwu runopawo tariro kune indasitiri.
Basa iri rakaitwa naAlex Kroll, aimbova mutyairi wendege yeUS Air Force ane ruzivo uye aimbove mutyairi wendege yekambani iyi. Akati murwendo rwechipiri rwekuyedza, akakwanisa kubhururuka achishandisa majenareta ehydrogen fuel cell, asingashandise injini dzekare dzefossil. "Ndege iyi yakagadziriswa ine mashandiro akanaka ekubata uye sisitimu yesimba rehydrogen fuel cell inoita ruzha rushoma uye kudedera kushoma pane mainjini eturbine," akadaro Kroll.
Kambani yeUniversal Hydrogen ine maodha akawanda evatakuri vendege dzemuno dzinoshandisa hydrogen, kusanganisira Connect Airlines, kambani yekuAmerica. John Thomas, mukuru wekambani iyi, akati ndege yaLightning McClain "yakanga isiri chinhu chinobatsira pakubvisa carbon dioxide muindasitiri yendege yepasi rose."
Sei ndege dzinoshandisa hydrogen dziri sarudzo yekuderedza kabhoni mundege?
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kuisa kutakurwa kwendege panjodzi kwemakumi emakore ari kuuya.
Sangano rezvendege rinoburitsa kabhoni dhayokisaidhi chikamu chimwe muzvitanhatu chete kupfuura mota nemarori, sekureva kweWorld Resources Institute, boka risinganyanyi purofiti riri muWashington. Zvisinei, ndege dzinotakura vanhu vashoma pazuva kupfuura mota nemarori.
Ndege ina huru (dzeAmerica, United, Delta neSouthwest) dzakawedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta ejet ne15 muzana pakati pa2014 na2019. Zvisinei, pasinei nekuti ndege dzinoshanda zvakanaka uye dzisina kabhoni yakawanda dzakaiswa mukugadzirwa, huwandu hwevatakuri hwave kudzikira kubva muna 2019.
Makambani endege akazvipira kuti asashandise carbon dioxide panosvika pakati pezana remakore rechi20, uye mamwe akadyara mari mumafuta anochengetedza zvakatipoteredza kuti ndege dzikwanise kuita basa guru mukuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.
Mafuta anochengetedza nharaunda (SAFs) mafuta emhuka anogadzirwa nemafuta ekubikisa, mafuta emhuka, marara emuguta kana zvimwe zvekudya. Mafuta aya anogona kusanganiswa nemafuta echinyakare kuti ashandise injini dzejeti uye ari kutoshandiswa mundege dzekuyedza uye kunyangwe pandege dzakarongwa dzevafambi. Zvisinei, mafuta anochengetedza nharaunda anodhura, kanenge katatu kupfuura mafuta ejeti echinyakare. Sezvo ndege dzakawanda dzichitenga nekushandisa mafuta anochengetedza nharaunda, mitengo ichakwira zvakanyanya. Vatsigiri vari kukurudzira kukurudzira kwakadai sekuderedzwa kwemitero kuti vawedzere kugadzirwa.
Mafuta anochengetedza nharaunda anoonekwa semafuta ebhiriji anogona kuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon kusvika pave nekubudirira kukuru kwakadai sendege dzinoshandisa magetsi kana hydrogen. Kutaura zvazviri, matekinoroji aya anogona kusashandiswa zvakanyanya mundege kwemamwe makore makumi maviri kana makumi matatu.
Makambani ari kuedza kugadzira nekugadzira ndege dzemagetsi, asi zhinji dzacho idiki, dzakaita seherikoputa dzinobhururuka dzomhara dzakamira dzotakura vanhu vashoma chete.
Kugadzira ndege huru yemagetsi inokwanisa kutakura vanhu mazana maviri -- yakaenzana nendege yepakati nepakati -- zvinoda mabhatiri makuru uye nguva refu yekubhururuka. Nechiyero ichocho, mabhatiri anofanira kurema mafuta ejeti ka40 kuti akwanise kuchajiwa zvizere. Asi ndege dzemagetsi hadzizokwanisike pasina shanduko muhunyanzvi hwemabhatiri.
Simba rehydrogen chishandiso chinoshanda chekuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon uye chinoita basa guru mukuchinja kwesimba pasi rose. Chinhu chakakosha chesimba rehydrogen kupfuura mamwe masosi esimba anogona kushandiswazve ndechekuti rinogona kuchengetwa zvakanyanya mumwaka yese. Pakati pawo, hydrogen yakasvibirira ndiyo chete nzira yekubvisa kabhoni mumaindasitiri mazhinji, kusanganisira minda yemaindasitiri inomiririrwa nepetrochemical, simbi, indasitiri yemakemikari uye indasitiri yekufambisa inomiririrwa nendege. Sekureva kweInternational Commission on Hydrogen Energy, musika wesimba rehydrogen unotarisirwa kusvika $2.5 trillion panosvika 2050.
"Hydrogen pachayo imafuta akareruka," Dan Rutherford, muongorori wezvekubvisa kabhoni mumotokari nendege kuInternational Council on Clean Transportation, boka rezvakatipoteredza, akaudza Associated Press. "Asi unoda matangi makuru ekuchengetedza hydrogen, uye tangi pachayo inorema zvikuru."
Pamusoro pezvo, pane zvipingamupinyi nezvinopinganidza pakushandiswa kwemafuta ehydrogen. Semuenzaniso, zvivakwa zvitsva zvakakura uye zvinodhura zvaizodiwa panhandare dzendege kuti gasi rehydrogen richengetwe rakatonhorera kuita mvura.
Kunyange zvakadaro, Rutherford achiri netariro yekungwarira nezvehydrogen. Chikwata chake chinotenda kuti ndege dzinoshandisa hydrogen dzichakwanisa kufamba makiromita angangoita 2,100 panosvika gore ra2035.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-16-2023