I te wiki kua taha ake nei, i rere tuatahi te waka rererangi whakaatu pūtau wahie hauwai a Universal Hydrogen ki Moss Lake, Washington. Tekau mā rima meneti te roa o te rerenga whakamātautau, ā, i eke ki te teitei o te 3,500 putu. Ko te papa whakamātautau he mea hanga mai i te Dash8-300, te waka rererangi pūtau wahie hauwai nui rawa atu o te ao.
Ko te waka rererangi, ko Lightning McClean te īngoa, i wehe atu i te Taunga Rererangi o Grant County (KMWH) i te 8:45 i te ata o te 2 o Poutū-te-rangi, ā, i eke ki te teitei tere o te 3,500 putu i muri i te 15 meneti. Ko te rerenga, i runga i te tiwhikete FAA Special Airworthiness, ko te tuatahi o te rerenga whakamātautau e rua tau te roa e tumanakohia ana ka mutu i te tau 2025. Ko te waka rererangi, i hurihia mai i te waka rererangi rohe ATR 72, kotahi anake te miihini turbine wahie taketake e mau tonu ana mō te haumaru, ko ētahi atu he hauwai parakore.
Ko te whāinga a Universal Hydrogen kia whakamahia katoatia ngā pūtau wahie hauwai hei whakahaere i ngā mahi rere ā-rohe i te tau 2025. I roto i tēnei whakamātautau, ka tukuna e te miihini e whakamahia ana te pūtau wahie hauwai ma te wai anake, ā, kāore e whakapokea te āhuarangi. Nā te mea he whakamātautau tuatahi, kei te rere tonu te miihini kē atu i runga i te wahie tikanga. Nō reira, ki te tirohia, he rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā miihini maui me ngā miihini matau, tae atu ki te whānui o ngā mata me te maha o ngā mata. E ai ki a Universal Hydrogren, he haumaru ake ngā waka rererangi e whakamahia ana ngā pūtau wahie hauwai, he iti ake te utu ki te whakahaere, ā, he iti noa te pānga ki te taiao. He mea hangarite ā rātou pūtau wahie hauwai, ā, ka taea te uta me te tango i ngā taonga mā roto i ngā whakaurunga utanga o te taunga rererangi, kia taea ai e te taunga rererangi te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia whakakī anō o ngā waka rererangi e whakamahia ana te hauwai me te kore e whakarerekē. I roto i te ariā, ka taea e ngā jet nui ake te mahi i taua mea anō, me ngā turbofan e whakamahia ana ngā pūtau wahie hauwai e tumanakohia ana ka whakamahia i waenganui o te tau 2030.
Ina hoki, e whakapono ana a Paul Eremenko, te kaiwhakaū me te Tumu Whakarae o Universal Hydrogen, me whakamahi ngā waka rererangi i te hauwai ma i waenganui o te tekau tau atu i 2030, ki te kore, me whakaiti e te umanga ngā rerenga kia tutuki ai ngā whāinga tukunga hau ā-umanga. Ko te mutunga iho, ka piki tere ngā utu tīkiti, ā, ka uaua ki te tiki tīkiti. Nō reira, he mea nui kia whakatairangahia te rangahau me te whanaketanga o ngā waka rererangi pūngao hou. Engari he tumanako anō hoki kei roto i tēnei rerenga tuatahi mō te umanga.
Nā Alex Kroll te misioni i whakahaere, he pailate whakamātautau o mua o te Ope Taua Rererangi o Amerika, ā, ko ia te pailate whakamātautau matua o te kamupene. I kī ia i te haerenga whakamātautau tuarua, i taea e ia te rere katoa i runga i ngā kaihanga pūtau wahie hauwai, me te kore e whakawhirinaki ki ngā miihini wahie taketake. "He tino pai te mahi whakahaere a te waka rererangi kua whakarerekētia, ā, he iti ake te haruru me te wiri o te pūnaha hiko pūtau wahie hauwai i ngā miihini tāpoi tikanga," te kī a Kroll.
He maha ngā tono a Universal Hydrogen mō ngā waka rererangi ā-rohe e whakamahia ana te hauwai, tae atu ki a Connect Airlines, he kamupene Amerikana. I kī a John Thomas, te tumuaki o te kamupene, ko te rerenga a Lightning McClain te "tūāpapa mō te whakakore i te waro o te umanga rererangi o te ao."
He aha te take e pai ai te whakamahi i te hauwai hei huarahi whakaiti i te waro i roto i te ao rererangi?
Kei te whakararu te huringa āhuarangi i te kawe waka rererangi mō ngā tekau tau e haere ake nei.
E ai ki te World Resources Institute, he rōpū rangahau kore-moni kei Washington, kotahi hauono noa iho te nui o te hauhā waro e tukuna ana e te rererangi i ngā motuka me ngā taraka. Heoi, he iti ake ngā pāhihi e haria ana e ngā waka rererangi i ia rā i ngā motuka me ngā taraka.
I whakapiki ake ngā kamupene rererangi nui e whā (American, United, Delta me Southwest) i tā rātou whakamahinga wahie rererangi mā te 15 ōrau i waenga i te tau 2014 me te tau 2019. Heoi, ahakoa kua whakamahia ngā rererangi whai hua ake, he iti-waro hoki, kua heke haere te maha o ngā pāhihi mai i te tau 2019.
Kua whakapau kaha ngā kamupene rererangi ki te noho kore-waro i mua i te waenganui o te rautau, ā, kua haumi ētahi ki ngā wahie tauwhiro kia taea ai e te rererangi te whai wāhi nui ki te huringa āhuarangi.
Ko ngā wahie tauwhiro (SAF) he wahie koiora i hangaia mai i te hinu tunu kai, te ngako kararehe, te para o te tāone, me ētahi atu rauemi kai. Ka taea te whakaranu i te wahie me ngā wahie tikanga hei whakakaha i ngā miihini rererangi, ā, kei te whakamahia kētia i roto i ngā rerenga whakamātautau, tae atu ki ngā rerenga pāhihi kua whakaritea. Heoi, he nui te utu o te wahie tauwhiro, tata ki te toru ngā wā te nui ake i te wahie rererangi tikanga. I te mea he nui ake ngā kamupene rererangi e hoko ana, e whakamahi ana hoki i ngā wahie tauwhiro, ka piki ake ngā utu. Kei te akiaki ngā kaitautoko i ngā kaupapa whakatenatena pēnei i ngā whakahekenga taake hei whakanui ake i te whakaputanga.
E kitea ana ngā wahie tauwhiro hei wahie piriti ka taea te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro tae noa ki te tutuki i ngā putanga nui ake pērā i ngā waka rererangi hiko, hauwai rānei. Inaa, tērā pea kāore ēnei hangarau e whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te rererangi mō ētahi atu tau 20, 30 rānei.
Kei te ngana ngā kamupene ki te hoahoa me te hanga waka rererangi hiko, engari ko te nuinga he waka rererangi iti, he rite ki te hērakapeta, e rere ana, e tau poutū ana, ā, he tokoiti noa iho ngā pāhihi ka taea te kawe.
Ko te hanga i tētahi waka rererangi hiko nui e taea ai te kawe i te 200 pāhihi -- he rite ki tētahi rerenga paerewa rahi-waenga -- me nui ake ngā pākahiko me ngā wā rere roa ake. E ai ki taua paerewa, me 40 ngā wā te taumaha o ngā pākahiko i te hinu rererangi kia kī katoa ai. Engari e kore e taea ngā waka rererangi hiko me te kore he hurihanga i roto i te hangarau pākahiko.
He taputapu whai hua te pūngao hauwai hei whakatutuki i ngā tukunga waro iti, ā, he tūranga nui tōna i roto i te whakawhiti pūngao o te ao. Ko te painga nui o te pūngao hauwai i runga i ētahi atu puna pūngao whakahou ko te taea te penapena i runga i te tauine nui puta noa i ngā wā. I roto i ēnei, ko te hauwai matomato anake te huarahi mō te tango waro hohonu i roto i te maha o ngā ahumahi, tae atu ki ngā mara ahumahi e tohuhia ana e te hinu matū, te maitai, te ahumahi matū me te ahumahi kawe waka e tohuhia ana e te rererangi. E ai ki te International Commission on Hydrogen Energy, e matapaetia ana ka eke te mākete pūngao hauwai ki te $2.5 trillion i te tau 2050.
"He tino māmā te wahie o te hauwai," te kōrero a Dan Rutherford, he kairangahau mō te tango waro i roto i ngā motuka me ngā waka rererangi i te International Council on Clean Transportation, he rōpū taiao, ki te Associated Press. "Engari me nui ngā tāke hei penapena i te hauwai, ā, he tino taumaha te tāke."
Hei tāpiritanga, kei reira ngā ngoikoretanga me ngā arai ki te whakatinanatanga o te wahie hauwai. Hei tauira, me hanga he hanganga hou nui, utu nui hoki ki ngā taunga rererangi hei penapena i te hau hauwai kua whakamataohia ki te āhua wai.
Ahakoa rā, kei te mau tonu te hihiri a Rutherford mō te hauwai. E whakapono ana tana tīma ka taea e ngā waka rererangi e whakamahia ana e te hauwai te haere i te 2,100 maero i te tau 2035.
Wā tuku: Maehe-16-2023