“Iphi imoto yepetroli embi, kutheni sifanele senze izithuthi ezintsha zamandla?” Lo ngumbuzo ophambili abantu abaninzi abawucingayo malunga “necala lomoya” langoku kwishishini leemoto. Phantsi kwenkxaso yeziqubulo ezinkulu “zokuphelelwa ngamandla”, “ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya” kunye “nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha”, imfuneko yeTshayina yokuphuhlisa imithombo emitsha yamandla ayikabonwa kwaye iqatshelwe luluntu.
Enyanisweni, emva kwamashumi eminyaka yenkqubela eqhubekayo kwizithuthi zeenjini zomlilo zangaphakathi, inkqubo yokuvelisa evuthiweyo yangoku, inkxaso yemarike kunye neemveliso ezingabizi kakhulu nezisemgangathweni ophezulu zenza kube nzima ukuqonda ukuba kutheni eli shishini kufuneka lishiye le "ndlela ithe tyaba" lize liguqukele kuphuhliso. Amandla amatsha "ngumzila wodaka" ongekabi yingozi. Kutheni sifanele siphuhlise ishishini elitsha lamandla? Lo mbuzo ulula kwaye ucacile kukungaziqondi kwaye asikwaziwa sonke.
Kwiminyaka esixhenxe eyadlulayo, kwi-"China Energy Policy 2012 White Paper", isicwangciso sesizwe "siya kuphuhlisa ngamandla amatsha kunye namandla avuselelekayo" siya kucaciswa. Ukususela ngoko, ishishini leemoto laseTshayina litshintshe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye liye latshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwisicwangciso sezithuthi zepetroli ukuya kwisicwangciso esitsha samandla. Emva koko, iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso zamandla amatsha ezinxulumene "neenkxaso-mali" zangena ngokukhawuleza kwimarike, kwaye ilizwi lokuthandabuza laqala ukujikeleza ishishini lamandla amatsha.
Ilizwi lemibuzo lalivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye lo mbandela wawukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekunyukeni nasekuhleni koshishino. Injani imeko yangoku yamandla emveli aseTshayina kunye namandla avuselelekayo? Ngaba ishishini lokuvelisa iimoto laseTshayina linokuguqa lidlule? Ungajongana njani nezithuthi ezintsha zamandla ezisele ziphelelwe lixesha kwixesha elizayo, kwaye ingaba kukho ungcoliseko na? Okukhona amathandabuzo amaninzi, kokukhona ukuzithemba okuncinci, indlela yokufumana imeko yokwenyani emva kwezi ngxaki, ikota yokuqala yekholamu iya kujolisa kumphathi obalulekileyo kulo shishino - ibhetri.
Iikholamu azinakuphepheka "iingxaki zamandla"
Ngokungafaniyo nemoto yepetroli, ipetroli ayifuni sixhobo sokuthwala (ukuba itanki yepetroli ayibalwa), kodwa "umbane" kufuneka uthwalwe yibhetri. Ke ngoko, ukuba ufuna ukubuyela kumthombo weshishini, "umbane" linyathelo lokuqala ekuphuhlisweni kwamandla amatsha. Umba wombane unxulumene ngqo nomba wamandla. Kukho umbuzo ocacileyo okwangoku: Ngaba ukukhuthaza ngamandla imithombo emitsha yamandla kungenxa yokuba ugcino lwamandla oluhlangeneyo lwaseTshayina lusondele? Ngoko ke ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngokwenene ngophuhliso lweebhetri kunye namandla amatsha, kufuneka siphendule imibuzo malunga nombuzo wangoku waseTshayina "wokusebenzisa umbane okanye ukusebenzisa ioyile".
Umbuzo 1: Imeko ekhoyo ngoku yamandla emveli aseTshayina
Ngokungafaniyo nesizathu sokuba abantu bazame izithuthi zombane ezicocekileyo kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo, utshintsho olutsha lwabangelwa kukutshintsha ukusuka "kumafutha emveli" ukuya "kumandla ahlaziyekayo". Kukho "iinguqulelo" ezahlukeneyo malunga nokutolikwa kwesimo samandla saseTshayina kwi-Intanethi, kodwa iinkalo ezininzi zedatha zibonisa ukuba iindawo zokugcina amandla zemveli zaseTshayina azinyamezeleki kwaye azikhathazi njengothumelo olunetha, kwaye iindawo zokugcina ioyile ezinxulumene kakhulu neemoto nazo zixoxwa luluntu. Enye yezona zihloko zibalaseleyo.
Ngokwedatha ekwiNgxelo yaMandla yaseTshayina ka-2018, nangona imveliso yeoyile yasekhaya incipha, iTshayina ibikwimeko ezinzileyo ngokubhekiselele kurhwebo lokungenisa amandla ngenxa yokwanda kokusetyenziswa kweoyile. Oku kunokubonisa ukuba ubuncinci uphuhliso lwangoku lwamandla amatsha alunxulumananga ngokuthe ngqo "nogcino lweoyile."
Kodwa ngaba idibene ngokungathanga ngqo? Kwimeko yorhwebo lwamandla oluzinzileyo, ukuxhomekeka kwamandla kwemveli eTshayina kusephezulu. Phakathi kwamandla apheleleyo angeniswayo, ioyile ekrwada ibandakanya i-66% kwaye amalahle ibandakanya i-18%. Xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2017, ukungeniswa kweoyile ekrwada kuyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngowama-2018, ukungeniswa kweoyile ekrwada eTshayina kufikelele kwi-460 yezigidi zeetoni, ukunyuka kwe-10% unyaka nonyaka. Ukuxhomekeka kweoyile ekrwada kumazwe angaphandle kufikelele kwi-71%, oko kuthetha ukuba ngaphezulu kwesibini kwisithathu seoyile ekrwada yaseTshayina kuxhomekeke ekungenisweni kwempahla.
Emva kophuhliso lwamashishini amatsha amandla, indlela esetyenziswa ngayo ioyile eTshayina iyaqhubeka nokuhla, kodwa xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2017, ukusetyenziswa kweoyile eTshayina kusanyuke nge-3.4%. Ngokuphathelele amandla okuvelisa ioyile ekrwada, kubekho ukwehla okukhulu ngo-2016-2018 xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2015, kwaye utshintsho kwindlela oluye lwanyusa ukuxhomekeka ekuthengisweni kweoyile kwamanye amazwe.
Phantsi kwemeko yangoku yendlela yokusetyenziswa kwamandla emveli eTshayina "yokuxhomekeka ngokungasebenzisiyo", kukwanethemba lokuba uphuhliso lweshishini elitsha lamandla luya kutshintsha nendlela yokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ngo-2018, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo afana negesi yendalo, umbane wamanzi, umbane wenyukliya kunye nombane womoya kwaba yi-22.1% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla iyonke, nto leyo ebisoloko isanda kangangeminyaka emininzi.
Kwinguquko yokuya kumandla acocekileyo kwimithombo yamandla yendabuko, injongo yehlabathi engenakhabhoni ephantsi, engenakhabhoni okwangoku iyafana, kanye njengokuba iimpawu zeemoto zaseYurophu naseMelika ngoku zigqiba "ixesha lokuyeka ukuthengisa izithuthi zepetroli". Nangona kunjalo, amazwe axhomekeke ngokwahlukileyo kwimithombo yamandla yendabuko, kwaye "ukungabikho kwezixhobo zeoyile ekrwada" kweTshayina yenye yeengxaki ekuguqukeni kumandla acocekileyo. UZhu Xi, umlawuli we-Energy Economics ye-Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, uthe: "Ngenxa yamaxesha ahlukeneyo amazwe, iTshayina isekwixesha lamalahle, ihlabathi lingene kwixesha leoyile negesi, kwaye inkqubo yokuya kwinkqubo yamandla ahlaziyekayo kwixesha elizayo ngokuqinisekileyo yahlukile. ITshayina inokunqumla ioyile negesi. Amaxesha." Umthombo: Indlu yeemoto
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-04-2019