"Kei hea te kino o te motuka wahie, he aha tātou me whakawhanake i ngā waka hiko hou?" Koinei pea te pātai matua e whakaarohia ana e te nuinga o te tangata mō te "ahunga hau" o nāianei o te umanga motuka. I raro i te tautoko a ngā pepeha nui o te "whakaiti hiko", te "penapena hiko me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga" me te "whai ake i te hangahanga", kāore anō kia kitea, kia mōhiotia hoki e te hapori te hiahia o Haina ki te whakawhanake i ngā puna hiko hou.
Ina hoki, i muri i ngā tekau tau o te ahunga whakamua tonu i roto i ngā waka miihini mura ā-roto, nā te pūnaha hanga kua pakeke o nāianei, te tautoko mākete me ngā hua iti te utu me te kounga teitei, he uaua ki te mārama he aha te take me wehe atu ai te umanga i tēnei "huarahi papatahi" ka tahuri ki te whanaketanga. He "ara paru" te pūngao hou kāore anō kia mōrearea. He aha tātou me whakawhanake i tētahi umanga pūngao hou? Ko tēnei pātai māmā, he pātai tika hoki, he pātai kāore i te mārama, kāore hoki i te mōhiotia e tātou katoa.
E whitu tau ki muri, i roto i te "Papa Ma o te Kaupapa Here Pūngao o Haina 2012", ka whakamāramahia te mahere rautaki ā-motu "ka whakawhanake pūmau i te pūngao hou me te pūngao hou". Mai i taua wā, kua tere te huri o te umanga motuka o Haina, ā, kua tere te huri mai i te rautaki waka wahie ki te rautaki pūngao hou. Whai muri i tēnā, ka tere te uru mai o ngā momo hua pūngao hou e pā ana ki ngā "tāpui" ki te mākete, ā, ka tīmata te reo ruarua ki te karapoti i te umanga pūngao hou.
I puta mai te reo pātai i ngā koki rerekē, ā, i arahi tika te kaupapa ki te taha whakarunga me te taha whakararo o te umanga. He aha te āhua o te pūngao tuku iho me te pūngao whakahou o Haina i tēnei wā? Ka taea e te umanga hanga motuka o Haina te piko atu? Me pēhea te whakatau i ngā waka pūngao hou kua mutu ā muri ake nei, ā, mēnā kei te noho te parahanga? Ka nui ake ngā feaa, ka iti ake te whakapono, me pēhea te kimi i te āhua tūturu o ēnei raruraru, ka aro te hauwhā tuatahi o te pou ki te kaikawe nui huri noa i te umanga – te pākahiko.
He "take pūngao" kāore e taea te karo i ngā pou
Kāore i rite ki te waka wahie, kāore te penehīni e hiahia ki tētahi kawe (ki te kore te tāke wahie e tatauhia), engari me kawe te "hiko" e te pākahiko. Nō reira, ki te hiahia koe ki te hoki ki te pūtake o te umanga, ko te "hiko" te taahiraa tuatahi ki te whakawhanake i te pūngao hou. E hono tika ana te take o te hiko ki te take pūngao. He pātai mārama kei te puta i tēnei wā: Kei te whakatairanga kaha i ngā puna pūngao hou nā te mea kei te tata mai te rahui pūngao kotahi o Haina? Nō reira, i mua i tā tātou kōrero mō te whakawhanaketanga o ngā pākahiko me te pūngao hou, me whakautu tātou ki ngā pātai mō te pātai o nāianei a Haina mō te "whakamahi hiko, te whakamahi hinu rānei".
Pātai 1: Te āhua o nāianei o te pūngao tuku iho o Haina
He rerekē te take i whakamātau tuatahi ai te tangata i ngā waka hiko parakore 100 tau ki muri, i puta te hurihanga hou i te nekehanga mai i te "wahie tuku iho" ki te "pūngao whakahou". He rerekē ngā "putanga" mō te whakamārama i te mana pūngao o Haina i runga i te Ipurangi, engari he maha ngā āhuatanga o ngā raraunga e whakaatu ana kāore ngā rahui pūngao tuku iho o Haina i te tino taumaha me te āwangawanga pērā i te tukunga kupenga, ā, ko ngā rahui hinu e pā tata ana ki ngā motuka kei te kōrerohia hoki e te marea. Ko tētahi o ngā kaupapa tino nui.
E ai ki ngā raraunga i roto i te China Energy Report 2018, ahakoa kei te heke te hanga hinu ā-rohe, kei te pumau tonu te āhua o Haina mō te hokohoko pūngao kawemai me te pikinga ake o te whakamahinga hinu. Tērā pea ka whakaatu tēnei kāore te whanaketanga o te pūngao hou e pā tika ana ki te "rahui hinu".
Engari he hononga ā-kore? I roto i te horopaki o te hokohoko pūngao pumau, he nui tonu te whakawhirinakitanga tuku iho a Haina ki te pūngao. I roto i te tapeke o ngā kawemai pūngao, ko te hinu mata te 66%, ā, ko te waro te 18%. Ki te whakataurite ki te tau 2017, kei te tere tonu te tipu o ngā kawemai hinu mata. I te tau 2018, i eke te kawemai hinu mata o Haina ki te 460 miriona tana, he pikinga tau-ki-te-tau o te 10%. Ko te whakawhirinakitanga hinu mata ki ngā whenua ke i eke ki te 71%, ko te tikanga neke atu i te rua-hautoru o te hinu mata o Haina e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā kawemai.
Whai muri i te whanaketanga o ngā ahumahi pūngao hou, kei te puhoi haere tonu te ia o te whakamahinga hinu a Haina, engari ki te whakaritea ki te tau 2017, i piki tonu te whakamahinga hinu a Haina mā te 3.4%. Mō te kaha whakaputa hinu mata, he hekenga nui i te tau 2016-2018 ki te whakaritea ki te tau 2015, ā, nā te huringa o te huarahi i piki ake ai te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kawemai hinu.
I raro i te āhua o te "whakawhirinakitanga kore" o te rahui pūngao tuku iho o Haina i tēnei wā, e tūmanakohia ana hoki ka huri te hanganga whakamahinga pūngao i te whanaketanga o te umanga pūngao hou. I te tau 2018, ko te whakamahinga o te pūngao ma pērā i te hau māori, te hiko wai, te hiko karihi me te hiko hau e 22.1% o te whakamahinga pūngao katoa, kua piki haere tonu mō ngā tau maha.
I roto i te whakawhiti ki te pūngao ma i roto i ngā pūtake pūngao tuku iho, kei te rite tonu te whāinga o te ao iti-waro, kore-waro, pērā i ngā waitohu motuka o Ūropi me Amerika e whakakore ana i te "wā ki te whakamutu i te hoko waka wahie". Heoi, he rerekē te whakawhirinaki o ngā whenua ki ngā pūtake pūngao tuku iho, ā, ko te "kore o ngā rauemi hinu mata" a Haina tētahi o ngā raruraru i roto i te whakawhiti ki te pūngao ma. I mea a Zhu Xi, te kaiwhakahaere o te Ōhanga Pūngao o te Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: "Nā te rerekētanga o ngā wā o ngā whenua, kei roto tonu a Haina i te wā waro, kua uru te ao ki te wā hinu me te hau, ā, he tino rerekē te tukanga neke ki tētahi pūnaha pūngao whakahou i te heke mai. Tērā pea ka whakawhiti a Haina i te hinu me te hau. Times.” Puna: Car House
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-04-2019