An gudanar da bikin ranar masu zuba jari na Tesla na shekarar 2023 a Gigafactory da ke Texas. Shugaban kamfanin Tesla Elon Musk ya bayyana babi na uku na "Babban Tsarin" na Tesla -- wani gagarumin sauyi zuwa makamashi mai dorewa, da nufin cimma burin samar da makamashi mai dorewa 100% nan da shekarar 2050.
An raba Tsarin 3 zuwa manyan fannoni guda biyar:
Cikakken motsi zuwa motocin lantarki;
Amfani da famfunan zafi a cikin gida, kasuwanci da masana'antu;
Amfani da ajiyar makamashi mai zafi da makamashin hydrogen kore a masana'antu;
Makamashi mai dorewa ga jiragen sama da jiragen ruwa;
Ƙarfafa wutar lantarki ta yanzu da makamashin da ake sabuntawa.
A wurin taron, Tesla da Musk sun yaba wa hydrogen. Shiri na 3 ya gabatar da makamashin hydrogen a matsayin muhimmin abincin da masana'antu ke samarwa. Musk ya ba da shawarar amfani da hydrogen don maye gurbin kwal gaba ɗaya, kuma ya ce wani adadin hydrogen zai zama dole a cikin ayyukan masana'antu masu alaƙa, waɗanda ke buƙatar hydrogen kuma ana iya samar da shi ta hanyar electrolysis na ruwa, amma duk da haka ya ce bai kamata a yi amfani da hydrogen a cikin motoci ba.
A cewar Musk, akwai fannoni biyar da ake aiki a kansu wajen cimma makamashi mai tsafta mai dorewa. Na farko shine kawar da makamashin burbushin halittu, cimma amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa, sauya hanyar samar da wutar lantarki da ake da ita, samar da wutar lantarki ga motoci, sannan a canza zuwa famfunan zafi, da kuma tunanin yadda ake canja wurin zafi, yadda ake amfani da makamashin hydrogen, sannan a karshe a yi tunanin yadda ake samar da wutar lantarki ga jiragen sama da jiragen ruwa, ba kawai motoci ba, don cimma cikakken wutar lantarki.
Musk ya kuma ambaci cewa akwai abubuwa da yawa da za mu iya yi a yanzu, ta amfani da fasahohi daban-daban don sanya hydrogen ya maye gurbin kwal kai tsaye don a inganta samar da ƙarfe, a yi amfani da ƙarfe mai rage gudu kai tsaye don inganta ayyukan masana'antu, kuma a ƙarshe, za a iya inganta wasu wurare a cikin masu narkar da hydrogen don cimma ingantaccen rage hydrogen.
"Babban Tsarin" muhimmin dabarar Tesla ce. A da, Tesla ta fitar da "Babban Tsarin 1" da "Babban Tsarin 2" a watan Agusta na 2006 da Yuli na 2016, wanda ya shafi motocin lantarki, tuƙi mai cin gashin kansa, makamashin hasken rana, da sauransu. Yawancin tsare-tsaren dabarun da aka ambata a sama an cimma su.
Tsarin na 3 ya kuduri aniyar samar da tattalin arzikin makamashi mai dorewa tare da manufofin lissafi don cimma hakan: ajiyar awa 240 na terawatt, wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa ta terawatt 30, jarin dala tiriliyan 10 a masana'antu, rabin tattalin arzikin mai a fannin makamashi, kasa da kashi 0.2% na filaye, kashi 10% na GDP na duniya a shekarar 2022, shawo kan dukkan kalubalen albarkatu.
Tesla ita ce babbar masana'antar kera motocin lantarki a duniya, kuma tallace-tallacen motocin lantarki nata suna da kyau. Kafin haka, shugaban kamfanin Tesla Elon Musk ya kasance mai matuƙar shakku game da ƙwayoyin hydrogen da hydrogen, kuma ya bayyana ra'ayinsa a bainar jama'a game da "raguwa" na haɓakar hydrogen a wasu dandamali na zamantakewa.
Tun da farko, Musk ya yi ba'a da kalmar "Ful Cell" a matsayin "Fool Cell" a wani taron bayan an sanar da cewa an yi amfani da sinadarin hydrogen na Toyota na Mirai. Man hydrogen ya dace da rokoki, amma ba don motoci ba.
A shekarar 2021, Musk ya goyi bayan shugaban kamfanin Volkswagen Herbert Diess lokacin da ya yi amfani da sinadarin hydrogen a shafin Twitter.
A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2022, Musk ya wallafa a shafinsa na Twitter cewa Tesla za ta sauya daga wutar lantarki zuwa hydrogen a shekarar 2024 kuma ta ƙaddamar da ƙwayar man fetur ta hydrogen Model H -- a zahiri, barkwancin Ranar Wawaye ta Afrilu ta Musk, wanda kuma ke yin ba'a ga ci gaban hydrogen.
A wata hira da ya yi da jaridar Financial Times a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2022, Musk ya ce, "Hydrogen shine mafi wauta da za a yi amfani da shi a matsayin ajiyar makamashi," ya kara da cewa, "Hydrogen ba hanya ce mai kyau ta adana makamashi ba."
Tesla ba ta daɗe da shirin saka hannun jari a motocin haƙar mai na hydrogen ba. A watan Maris na 2023, Tesla ta haɗa abubuwan da suka shafi hydrogen a cikin "Babban Tsarin 3" wanda ke mai da hankali kan haɓaka shirin tattalin arzikin makamashi mai ɗorewa, wanda ya bayyana cewa Musk da Tesla sun fahimci muhimmiyar rawar da hydrogen ke takawa a cikin sauyin makamashi kuma sun goyi bayan ci gaban hydrogen mai kore.
A halin yanzu, motocin hydrogen na duniya, da kayayyakin more rayuwa masu tallafawa da kuma dukkan sarkar masana'antu suna ci gaba cikin sauri. A cewar kididdigar farko ta China Hydrogen Energy Alliance, zuwa karshen shekarar 2022, jimillar motocin man fetur a manyan kasashen duniya ya kai 67,315, tare da karuwar kashi 36.3% a shekara bayan shekara. Adadin motocin man fetur ya karu daga 826 a shekarar 2015 zuwa 67,488 a shekarar 2022. A cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, karuwar yawan motocin man fetur a kowace shekara ya kai kashi 52.97%, wanda ke cikin yanayin ci gaba mai dorewa. A shekarar 2022, yawan tallace-tallace na motocin man fetur a manyan kasashe ya kai kashi 17,921, wanda ya karu da kashi 9.9% a shekara idan aka kwatanta da shekara.
Sabanin tunanin Musk, IEA ta bayyana hydrogen a matsayin "mai ɗaukar makamashi mai aiki da yawa" tare da aikace-aikace iri-iri, gami da aikace-aikacen masana'antu da sufuri. A cikin 2019, IEA ta ce hydrogen yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan zaɓuɓɓuka don adana makamashi mai sabuntawa, yana mai alƙawarin zama zaɓi mafi arha don adana wutar lantarki na tsawon kwanaki, makonni ko ma watanni. IEA ta ƙara da cewa duka man fetur na hydrogen da hydrogen na iya jigilar makamashi mai sabuntawa a cikin nisa mai nisa.
Bugu da ƙari, bayanan jama'a sun nuna cewa har zuwa yanzu, dukkan manyan kamfanonin motoci guda goma da ke da hannun jari a kasuwar duniya sun shiga kasuwar motocin hayakin hydrogen, wanda hakan ya buɗe tsarin kasuwancin ƙwayoyin mai na hydrogen. A halin yanzu, duk da cewa Tesla har yanzu tana cewa bai kamata a yi amfani da hydrogen a cikin motoci ba, manyan kamfanonin motoci guda 10 na duniya da aka sayar duk suna amfani da kasuwancin ƙwayoyin mai na hydrogen, wanda ke nufin cewa an amince da makamashin hydrogen a matsayin wuri don ci gaba a ɓangaren sufuri.
Mai alaƙa: Menene ma'anar dukkan manyan motoci 10 da ke sayar da motoci suna shimfida hanyoyin tsere na hydrogen?
Gabaɗaya, hydrogen yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin kera motoci a duniya da suka zaɓi hanyar da za su bi a nan gaba. A halin yanzu, gyaran tsarin makamashi yana tura sarkar masana'antar makamashin hydrogen ta duniya zuwa wani babban mataki. A nan gaba, tare da ci gaba da balaga da masana'antar fasahar ƙwayoyin mai, saurin haɓakar buƙata a ƙasa, ci gaba da faɗaɗa samar da kayayyaki da tallan kamfanoni, ci gaba da balaga na sarkar samar da kayayyaki a sama da kuma ci gaba da fafatawar mahalarta kasuwa, farashi da farashin ƙwayoyin mai za su faɗi da sauri. A yau, lokacin da ake ba da shawarar ci gaba mai ɗorewa, makamashin hydrogen, makamashi mai tsabta, zai sami kasuwa mai faɗi. Ana sa ran amfani da sabon makamashi a nan gaba zai kasance matakai da yawa, kuma motocin makamashin hydrogen za su ci gaba da hanzarta saurin ci gaba.
An gudanar da bikin ranar masu zuba jari na Tesla na shekarar 2023 a Gigafactory da ke Texas. Shugaban kamfanin Tesla Elon Musk ya bayyana babi na uku na "Babban Tsarin" na Tesla -- wani gagarumin sauyi zuwa makamashi mai dorewa, da nufin cimma burin samar da makamashi mai dorewa 100% nan da shekarar 2050.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-13-2023