Zuva reVaridzi veTesla ra2023 rakaitirwa kuGigafactory muTexas. Mukuru weTesla Elon Musk akaburitsa chitsauko chechitatu che "Master Plan" yaTesla -- shanduko yakazara kune simba rinogara kwenguva refu, nechinangwa chekuzadzisa simba rinogara kwenguva refu 100% panosvika gore ra2050.
Chirongwa chechitatu chakakamurwa kuita zvinhu zvishanu zvikuru:
Kushanda zvizere mumotokari dzemagetsi;
Kushandiswa kwemapombi ekupisa muzvikamu zvemumba, zvemabhizinesi uye zvemaindasitiri;
Kushandiswa kwesimba rekuchengetedza simba rinopisa zvakanyanya uye simba rehydrogen rakasvibirira mumaindasitiri;
Simba rinogara kwenguva refu rendege nezvikepe;
Simba remagetsi aripo pagrid iripo nesimba rinogona kushandiswazve.
Pachiitiko ichi, Tesla naMusk vakabvuma hydrogen. Chirongwa chechitatu chinoratidza simba rehydrogen sechinhu chakakosha mumaindasitiri. Musk akataura nezvekushandisa hydrogen kutsiva marasha zvachose, uye akati huwandu hwakati hwehydrogen hunodiwa mumaindasitiri ane chekuita nemaitiro, ayo anoda hydrogen uye anogona kugadzirwa neelectrolysis yemvura, asi zvakadaro akati hydrogen haifanirwe kushandiswa mumotokari.
Sekureva kwaMusk, kune nzvimbo shanu dzebasa dzinobatanidzwa mukuwana simba rakachena rinogara kwenguva refu. Chekutanga ndechekubvisa simba rezvisaririra, kushandisa simba rinogona kushandiswazve, kushandura grid yemagetsi iripo, kuisa magetsi mumotokari, uye kushandisa mapombi ekupisa, uye kufunga nezvekutamisa kupisa, kushandisa simba rehydrogen, uye pakupedzisira kufunga nezvekuisa magetsi mundege nengarava, kwete mota chete, kuti uwane magetsi akazara.
Musk akataurawo kuti pane zvakawanda zvatinogona kuita pari zvino, tichishandisa matekinoroji akasiyana-siyana kuti hydrogen itsive marasha zvakananga kuitira kuti kugadzirwa kwesimbi kugone kuvandudzwa, simbi yakaderedzwa zvakananga inogona kushandiswa kuvandudza mashandiro emaindasitiri, uye pakupedzisira, zvimwe zvivakwa mumidziyo yekunyungudutsa zvinogona kugadziriswa kuti zviwane hydrogen iri nani.
"Grand Plan" inzira yakakosha yeTesla. Kare, Tesla yakaburitsa "Grand Plan 1" ne "Grand Plan 2" muna Nyamavhuvhu 2006 naChikunguru 2016, dzainyanya kutaura nezvemotokari dzemagetsi, kutyaira dzichizvishandira, simba rezuva, nezvimwewo. Mazhinji ezvirongwa zvataurwa pamusoro apa akazadzikiswa.
Chirongwa chechitatu chakazvipira kuhupfumi hwesimba rinogara kwenguva refu rine zvinangwa zvehuwandu kuti zvizadziswe: maawa ekuchengetera terawatt mazana maviri nemakumi mana, terawatt makumi matatu emagetsi anogona kushandiswazve, $10 trillion yekudyara mukugadzira, hafu yehupfumi hwemafuta musimba, pasi pe0.2% yenyika, 10% yeGDP yepasi rose muna 2022, kukunda matambudziko ese ezviwanikwa.
Tesla ndiyo kambani huru inogadzira mota dzemagetsi pasi rose, uye kutengeswa kwayo kwemotokari dzemagetsi kwave kuchiita zvakanaka. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, CEO weTesla Elon Musk anga asina chokwadi nezve hydrogen ne hydrogen fuel cells, uye akataura pachena maonero ake nezve "kudzikira" kwekuvandudzwa kwehydrogen pamapuratifomu akasiyana-siyana evanhu.
Kare, Musk akaseka izwi rekuti "Fuel Cell" se "Fool Cell" pamusangano mushure mekunge Toyota yazivisa nezve hydrogen fuel cell yeMirai. Hydrogen fuel yakakodzera maroketi, asi kwete mota.
Muna 2021, Musk akatsigira CEO weVolkswagen Herbert Diess paakashora hydrogen paTwitter.
Musi wa1 Kubvumbi, 2022, Musk akanyora paTwitter kuti Tesla yaizochinja kubva pamagetsi kuenda kuhydrogen muna 2024 yotanga hydrogen fuel cell yayo Model H -- kutaura chokwadi, jee raMusk reApril Fool's Day, richiseka zvakare kukura kwehydrogen.
Muhurukuro neFinancial Times musi wa10 Chivabvu 2022, Musk akati, "Hydrogen ndiyo pfungwa isina musoro yekushandisa senzvimbo yekuchengetedza simba," achiwedzera kuti, "Hydrogen haisi nzira yakanaka yekuchengetedza simba."
Tesla yagara isina hurongwa hwekudyara mari mumotokari dzemafuta ehydrogen. MunaKurume 2023, Tesla yakaisa zvinhu zvine chekuita nehydrogen mu "Grand Plan 3" yayo yakatarisana nekuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwehupfumi hwesimba rinogara kwenguva refu, izvo zvakaratidza kuti Musk naTesla vakaziva basa rinokosha rehydrogen mukushandura simba uye vakatsigira kukura kwehydrogen yakasvibirira.
Parizvino, mota dzemafuta ehydrogen pasi rose, dzinotsigira zvivakwa, pamwe chete neindasitiri yese, dziri kukura nekukurumidza. Zvichienderana nenhamba dzekutanga dzeChina Hydrogen Energy Alliance, pakupera kwegore ra2022, huwandu hwemotokari dzemafuta munyika huru dzepasi rose hwasvika 67,315, nekukura kwegore negore kwe36.3%. Huwandu hwemotokari dzemafuta hwakawedzera kubva pa826 muna 2015 kusvika pa67,488 muna 2022. Mumakore mashanu apfuura, mwero wekukura kwemafuta pagore wasvika 52.97%, uko kuri kukura kwakasimba. Muna 2022, huwandu hwekutengesa kwemotokari dzemafuta munyika huru hwakasvika 17,921, zvichikwira ne9.9 muzana pagore.
Kusiyana nemafungiro aMusk, IEA inotsanangura hydrogen se "mutakuri wesimba unoshanda mabasa akawanda" une mabasa akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira maindasitiri nekufambisa. Muna 2019, IEA yakati hydrogen ndeimwe yesarudzo dzinotungamira dzekuchengetedza simba rinogona kuvandudzwa, ichivimbisa kuva sarudzo yakaderera yekuchengetedza magetsi kwemazuva, mavhiki kana kunyange mwedzi. IEA yakawedzera kuti mafuta ese ari maviri ehydrogen nehydrogen anogona kutakura simba rinogona kuvandudzwa nekufamba kwenguva refu.
Pamusoro pezvo, ruzivo rweveruzhinji runoratidza kuti kusvika pari zvino, makambani ese epamusoro gumi emotokari ane mugove wemusika wepasi rose apinda mumusika wemotokari dzehydrogen fuel cell, zvichivhura hurongwa hwebhizinesi rehydrogen fuel cell. Parizvino, kunyangwe Tesla ichiri kutaura kuti hydrogen haifanirwe kushandiswa mumotokari, makambani epamusoro gumi emotokari pasi rose kuburikidza nekutengesa ari kushandisa bhizinesi rehydrogen fuel cell, zvinoreva kuti simba rehydrogen rave richizivikanwa senzvimbo yekuvandudza muchikamu chekufambisa.
Zvakafanana: Ndezvipi zvinorehwa nemotokari dzese gumi dziri kutengeswa dziri kuisa nzira dzemujaho dzehydrogen?
Kazhinji, hydrogen ndeimwe yemakambani emotokari anotungamira pasi rose kusarudza nzira yeramangwana. Parizvino, kugadziriswa kwechimiro chesimba kuri kutungamira cheni yeindasitiri yesimba rehydrogen yepasi rose kuti itange danho rakakura. Mune ramangwana, nekukura kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi uye indasitiri yetekinoroji yemasero emafuta, kukura nekukurumidza kwekudiwa kuri pasi, kuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi kwekugadzirwa kwebhizinesi uye chiyero chekushambadzira, kukura kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi kwecheni yekugovera yepamusoro uye kukwikwidza kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi kwevatori vechikamu mumusika, mutengo nemutengo wemasero emafuta zvichadzikira nekukurumidza. Nhasi, kana budiriro inochengetedza zvinhu ichitsigirwa, simba rehydrogen, simba rakachena, richave nemusika wakakura. Kushandiswa kwesimba idzva mune ramangwana kuchave kwakawanda, uye mota dzesimba rehydrogen dzicharamba dzichikurumidzisa kukurumidza kwebudiriro.
Zuva reVaridzi veTesla ra2023 rakaitirwa kuGigafactory muTexas. Mukuru weTesla Elon Musk akaburitsa chitsauko chechitatu che "Master Plan" yaTesla -- shanduko yakazara kune simba rinogara kwenguva refu, nechinangwa chekuzadzisa simba rinogara kwenguva refu 100% panosvika gore ra2050.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-13-2023