Usuku lwabatyali-mali lweTesla luka-2023 lubanjelwe kwiGigafactory eTexas. I-CEO yeTesla u-Elon Musk utyhile isahluko sesithathu se-"Master Plan" yeTesla -- utshintsho olupheleleyo kumandla azinzileyo, olujolise ekufezekiseni amandla azinzileyo ayi-100% ngo-2050.
Isicwangciso sesi-3 sahlulwe saba ziinkalo ezintlanu eziphambili:
Ukutshintshela ngokupheleleyo kwiimoto zombane;
Ukusetyenziswa kweempompo zobushushu kumacandelo asekhaya, ezorhwebo kunye namashishini;
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okugcina ubushushu obuphezulu kunye namandla e-hydrogen eluhlaza kushishino;
Amandla azinzileyo kwiinqwelo-moya neenqanawa;
Nika amandla igridi ekhoyo ngamandla avuselelekayo.
Kwesi siganeko, bobabini uTesla noMusk bavuma ihydrogen. Isicwangciso sesi-3 sicebisa amandla ehydrogen njengesitokhwe esibalulekileyo kushishino. UMusk ucebise ukusebenzisa ihydrogen endaweni yamalahle ngokupheleleyo, waza wathi inani elithile lehydrogen liya kufuneka kwiinkqubo zoshishino ezinxulumeneyo, ezifuna ihydrogen kwaye zinokuveliswa nge-electrolysis yamanzi, kodwa wathi ihydrogen akufuneki isetyenziswe ezimotweni.
Ngokutsho kukaMusk, kukho iindawo ezintlanu zomsebenzi ezibandakanyekayo ekufezekiseni amandla acocekileyo azinzileyo. Eyokuqala kukususa amandla e-fossil, ukufezekisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukuguqula igridi yamandla ekhoyo, ukufaka umbane kwiimoto, uze utshintshele kwiipompo zobushushu, uze ucinge ngendlela yokudlulisa ubushushu, indlela yokusebenzisa amandla e-hydrogen, uze ekugqibeleni ucinge ngendlela yokufaka umbane kwiinqwelomoya nakwiinqanawa, kungekuphela nje kwiimoto, ukuze kufunyanwe umbane opheleleyo.
UMusk ukwakhankanye ukuba zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ngoku, sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obahlukeneyo ukwenza i-hydrogen ithathe indawo yamalahle ngokuthe ngqo ukuze imveliso yentsimbi iphuculwe, i-iron encitshisiweyo ngokuthe ngqo ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula iinkqubo zoshishino, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ezinye izakhiwo kwiindawo zokunyibilikisa i-hydrogen zinokulungiswa ukuze kufezekiswe ukunciphisa i-hydrogen ngokufanelekileyo.
"Isicwangciso Esinkulu" sisicwangciso esibalulekileyo seTesla. Ngaphambili, iTesla yakhupha "Isicwangciso Esinkulu 1" kunye "neSicwangciso Esinkulu 2" ngo-Agasti 2006 nangoJulayi 2016, ezazigubungela ikakhulu izithuthi zombane, ukuqhuba ngokuzimela, amandla elanga, njl. Uninzi lwezicwangciso ezicwangcisiweyo ezingasentla zifezekisiwe.
Isicwangciso sesi-3 sizimisele kuqoqosho lwamandla oluzinzileyo oluneenjongo zamanani zokulufezekisa: iiyure ezingama-240 zokugcina ii-terawatt, ii-terawatt ezingama-30 zombane ohlaziyekayo, utyalo-mali lwe-$10 trillion kwimveliso, isiqingatha soqoqosho lwamafutha kumandla, ngaphantsi kwe-0.2% yomhlaba, i-10% ye-GDP yehlabathi ngo-2022, ukoyisa yonke imingeni yezixhobo.
I-Tesla yeyona nkampani inkulu ehlabathini yokuvelisa izithuthi zombane, kwaye ukuthengiswa kwayo kwezithuthi zombane kube yimpumelelo. Ngaphambi koko, i-CEO ye-Tesla u-Elon Musk ebesoloko ethandabuza kakhulu ngeeseli ze-hydrogen kunye ne-hydrogen fuel, kwaye wavakalisa esidlangalaleni uluvo lwakhe "ngokwehla" kophuhliso lwe-hydrogen kumaqonga amaninzi ezentlalo.
Ngaphambili, uMusk wahlekisa ngegama elithi "Fuel Cell" njenge "Fool Cell" kumsitho emva kokuba kubhengezwe iToyota's Mirai hydrogen fuel cell. I-hydrogen fuel ifanelekile kwiirokethi, kodwa ayifanelekanga kwiimoto.
Ngowama-2021, uMusk waxhasa i-CEO yeVolkswagen uHerbert Diess xa wayegxeka i-hydrogen kwiTwitter.
Ngomhla woku-1 ku-Epreli 2022, uMusk wabhala kwi-Twitter ukuba iTesla izakutshintsha ukusuka kumbane iye kwi-hydrogen ngo-2024 ize iqalise i-hydrogen fuel cell yayo iModel H -- eneneni, ihlaya lika-April Fool's Day likaMusk, liphinda lihlekise ngophuhliso lwe-hydrogen.
Kudliwanondlebe neFinancial Times ngoMeyi 10, 2022, uMusk uthe, "I-hydrogen yeyona ngcinga ingenamsebenzi ukuyisebenzisa njengendawo yokugcina amandla," wongeza ngelithi, "I-hydrogen ayiyondlela ilungileyo yokugcina amandla."
I-Tesla ibingenazicwangciso zokutyala imali kwizithuthi ze-hydrogen fuel cell. NgoMatshi 2023, i-Tesla yafaka umxholo onxulumene ne-hydrogen kwi-"Grand Plan 3" yayo egxile kuphuhliso lwesicwangciso soqoqosho lwamandla oluzinzileyo, esatyhila ukuba uMusk noTesla bayayiqonda indima ebalulekileyo ye-hydrogen ekuguqulweni kwamandla kwaye baxhasa uphuhliso lwe-hydrogen eluhlaza.
Okwangoku, izithuthi ze-hydrogen fuel cell zehlabathi, ezixhasa iziseko zophuhliso kunye nochungechunge lonke lwemizi-mveliso zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwezibalo zokuqala ze-China Hydrogen Energy Alliance, ekupheleni kuka-2022, inani lilonke lezithuthi ze-fuel cell kumazwe amakhulu ehlabathi lifikelele kuma-67,315, kunye nokukhula konyaka nonyaka kwe-36.3%. Inani lezithuthi ze-fuel cell linyuke ukusuka kuma-826 ngo-2015 ukuya kuma-67,488 ngo-2022. Kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo, izinga lokukhula kwe-compound yonyaka lifikelele kuma-52.97%, elikwimeko yokukhula okuzinzileyo. Ngo-2022, umthamo wokuthengiswa kwezithuthi ze-fuel cell kumazwe amakhulu ufikelele kwi-17,921, unyuke nge-9.9% ngonyaka.
Ngokuchasene nengcinga kaMusk, i-IEA ichaza i-hydrogen "njengomthwali wamandla osebenzayo" oneentlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo, kuquka izicelo zemizi-mveliso nezothutho. Ngo-2019, i-IEA yathi i-hydrogen yenye yezona ndlela ziphambili zokugcina amandla avuselelekayo, ithembisa ukuba lolona khetho lubiza kakhulu lokugcina umbane kangangeentsuku, iiveki okanye iinyanga. I-IEA yongeze ngelithi zombini amafutha asekelwe kwi-hydrogen kunye ne-hydrogen anokuthutha amandla avuselelekayo kumgama omde.
Ukongeza, ulwazi lukawonke-wonke lubonisa ukuba ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zonke iinkampani zeemoto ezilishumi eziphezulu ezinesabelo semarike yehlabathi zingene kwimarike yeemoto zeeseli ze-hydrogen fuel, zivula ulwakhiwo lweshishini leeseli ze-hydrogen fuel. Okwangoku, nangona iTesla isatsho ukuba i-hydrogen akufuneki isetyenziswe kwiimoto, iinkampani zeemoto ezili-10 eziphambili kwihlabathi ngokuthengisa zonke zisebenzisa ishishini leeseli ze-hydrogen fuel, oko kuthetha ukuba amandla e-hydrogen aqatshelwe njengendawo yophuhliso kwicandelo lezothutho.
Okunxulumeneyo: Zithini iziphumo zazo zonke iimoto ezili-10 ezithengiswayo ezibeka imidyarho ye-hydrogen?
Ngokubanzi, i-hydrogen yenye yeenkampani zeemoto eziphambili kwihlabathi ukukhetha umkhondo wekamva. Okwangoku, uhlengahlengiso lwesakhiwo samandla luqhuba uthotho lweshishini lamandla e-hydrogen kwihlabathi ukuba luqalise kwinqanaba elibanzi. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuvuthwa okuqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yeeseli zepetroli, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemfuno esezantsi, ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwemveliso yeshishini kunye nomlinganiselo wokuthengisa, ukukhula okuqhubekayo kothotho lokubonelela oluphezulu kunye nokhuphiswano oluqhubekayo lwabathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike, iindleko kunye nexabiso leeseli zepetroli ziya kwehla ngokukhawuleza. Namhlanje, xa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lukhuthazwa, amandla e-hydrogen, amandla acocekileyo, aya kuba nemarike ebanzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amatsha kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba ngamanqanaba amaninzi, kwaye izithuthi zamandla e-hydrogen ziya kuqhubeka nokukhawulezisa isantya sophuhliso.
Usuku lwabatyali-mali lweTesla luka-2023 lubanjelwe kwiGigafactory eTexas. I-CEO yeTesla u-Elon Musk utyhile isahluko sesithathu se-"Master Plan" yeTesla -- utshintsho olupheleleyo kumandla azinzileyo, olujolise ekufezekiseni amandla azinzileyo ayi-100% ngo-2050.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-13-2023