Umunsi w’abashoramari wa Tesla wa 2023 wabereye mu nzu ndangamurage ya Gigafactory muri Texas. Umuyobozi mukuru wa Tesla, Elon Musk, yashyize ahagaragara igice cya gatatu cya "Master Plan" ya Tesla -- impinduka zirambuye ku ngufu zirambye, zigamije kugera ku ngufu zirambye 100% bitarenze umwaka wa 2050.
Gahunda ya 3 igabanyijemo ibice bitanu by'ingenzi:
Gukoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu buryo bwuzuye;
Gukoresha pompe zishyushya mu ngo, mu bucuruzi no mu nganda;
Gukoresha ububiko bw'ingufu zikomoka ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'ingufu za hydrogen zitangiza ibidukikije mu nganda;
Ingufu zirambye ku ndege n'amato;
Shyira ingufu zisubira mu miyoboro y'amashanyarazi isanzweho.
Muri iki gikorwa, Tesla na Musk bombi bemeye hydrogen. Gahunda ya 3 igaragaza ingufu za hydrogen nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi mu nganda. Musk yatanze igitekerezo cyo gukoresha hydrogen mu gusimbura burundu amakara, kandi avuga ko ingano runaka ya hydrogen izaba ikenewe mu nganda zijyanye nayo, zikenera hydrogen kandi zishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe electrolysis y'amazi, ariko avuga ko hydrogen idakwiye gukoreshwa mu modoka.
Nk’uko Musk abivuga, hari ibice bitanu by’akazi kagomba gukorwa kugira ngo ingufu zisukuye zigerweho mu buryo burambye. Icya mbere ni ukuvanaho ingufu za kera, gukoresha ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, guhindura amashanyarazi asanzwe, gukoresha amashanyarazi mu modoka, hanyuma tugahindura amashanyarazi, no gutekereza uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe, gukoresha ingufu za hydrogen, hanyuma tugatekereza uburyo bwo gushyira amashanyarazi mu ndege n’amato, atari imodoka gusa, kugira ngo tugere ku amashanyarazi yuzuye.
Musk yavuze kandi ko hari byinshi dushobora gukora muri iki gihe, dukoresheje ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye kugira ngo hydrogen isimbuze amakara mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo umusaruro w'ibyuma urusheho kunozwa, icyuma cyagabanijwe mu buryo butaziguye gishobora gukoreshwa mu kunoza imikorere y'inganda, kandi amaherezo, ibindi bikoresho mu byuma bishongesha ibintu bishobora kunozwa kugira ngo habeho kugabanya hydrogen neza.
"Grand Plan" ni ingamba z'ingenzi za Tesla. Mbere yaho, Tesla yasohoye "Grand Plan 1" na "Grand Plan 2" muri Kanama 2006 na Nyakanga 2016, zavugaga cyane cyane ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, gutwara zigenga, ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, n'ibindi. Gahunda nyinshi zavuzwe haruguru zarashyizwe mu bikorwa.
Gahunda ya 3 yiyemeje ubukungu bw’ingufu burambye bufite intego zishingiye ku mibare kugira ngo bugerweho: amasaha 240 yo kubika terawati, terawati 30 z’amashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa, ishoramari rya tiriyari 10 z’amadolari mu nganda, kimwe cya kabiri cy’ubukungu bw’ibikomoka kuri lisansi mu ngufu, munsi ya 0.2% by’ubutaka, 10% by’umusaruro rusange w’isi mu 2022, no guhangana n’ibibazo byose by’umutungo.
Tesla ni yo sosiyete nini ku isi ikora imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, kandi igurisha ryayo ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ryakomeje kugenda neza. Mbere y’ibyo, umuyobozi mukuru wa Tesla Elon Musk yari afite amakenga menshi ku bijyanye n’uturemangingo twa hydrogen na hydrogen, kandi yagaragaje mu ruhame igitekerezo cye ku "kugabanuka" kw’iterambere rya hydrogen ku mbuga nkoranyambaga nyinshi.
Mbere yaho, Musk yasetse ijambo "Fuel Cell" nk "Fool Cell" mu birori byabereye nyuma y'uko hatangajwe ko Toyota ya Mirai hydrogen lisansi ikoreshwa mu kurasa ibisasu bya roketi, ariko ntabwo ikoreshwa mu modoka.
Mu 2021, Musk yashyigikiye umuyobozi mukuru wa Volkswagen Herbert Diess ubwo yashyiraga hejuru hydrogen kuri Twitter.
Ku ya 1 Mata 2022, Musk yanditse kuri Twitter ko Tesla izahindura amashanyarazi ikajya kuri hydrogen mu 2024 igashyira ahagaragara uturemangingo twayo twa hydrogen Model H -- mu by'ukuri, urwenya rwa Musk rwo ku munsi w'abasazi, rwongeye gusebya iterambere rya hydrogen.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye na Financial Times ku ya 10 Gicurasi 2022, Musk yagize ati: "Hydrogen ni igitekerezo cy'ubupfapfa cyane cyo gukoresha mu kubika ingufu," yongeraho ati: "Hydrogen si uburyo bwiza bwo kubika ingufu."
Tesla ntiyigeze iteganya gushora imari mu modoka zikoresha lisansi ya hydrogen. Muri Werurwe 2023, Tesla yashyize ibikubiye mu ruganda rwa hydrogen mu "Gahunda Nkuru ya 3" yibanda ku iterambere ry'ingufu zirambye, byagaragaje ko Musk na Tesla bemeraga uruhare runini rwa hydrogen mu guhindura ingufu, kandi bashyigikira iterambere rya hydrogen y’icyatsi kibisi.
Kuri ubu, imodoka zikoresha lisansi ya hydrogen ku isi, zishyigikira ibikorwa remezo ndetse n'uruhererekane rw'inganda zose, zirimo gutera imbere vuba. Dukurikije imibare y'ibanze yatanzwe n'Ubushinwa Hydrogen Energy Alliance, mu mpera za 2022, umubare w'imodoka zikoresha lisansi mu bihugu bikomeye ku isi wageze ku 67.315, aho izamuka ry'umwaka ringana na 36.3%. Umubare w'imodoka zikoresha lisansi wiyongereye uva kuri 826 mu 2015 ugera kuri 67.488 mu 2022. Mu myaka itanu ishize, igipimo cy'ubwiyongere bw'ibikomoka kuri lisansi ku mwaka cyageze kuri 52.97%, kiri mu rwego rwo gukomeza kwiyongera. Muri 2022, umubare w'imodoka zikoresha lisansi mu bihugu bikomeye wageze kuri 17.921, wiyongereyeho 9.9% ugereranyije n'umwaka.
Bitandukanye n'uko Musk yabitekerezaga, IEA ivuga ko hydrogen ari "ingufu nyinshi zikoreshwa mu gutwara ingufu" zifite uburyo bwinshi butandukanye, harimo n'inganda n'ubwikorezi. Mu 2019, IEA yavuze ko hydrogen ari imwe mu mahitamo akomeye yo kubika ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, yizeza ko izaba amahitamo ahendutse yo kubika amashanyarazi mu minsi, ibyumweru cyangwa amezi. IEA yongeyeho ko hydrogen na hydrogen byombi bishobora gutwara ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa mu ntera ndende.
Byongeye kandi, amakuru rusange agaragaza ko kugeza ubu, ibigo icumi bya mbere by’imodoka bifite isoko ku isi byinjiye ku isoko ry’imodoka zikoresha hydrogen lisansi, bifungura imiterere y’ubucuruzi bw’imodoka zikoresha hydrogen. Muri iki gihe, nubwo Tesla ikomeje kuvuga ko hydrogen idakwiye gukoreshwa mu modoka, ibigo 10 bya mbere by’imodoka ku isi byose birimo gukoresha hydrogen lisansi, bivuze ko ingufu za hydrogen zamaze kwemerwa nk’ahantu ho guteza imbere urwego rw’ubwikorezi.
Bijyanye: Ni izihe ngaruka z'imodoka 10 za mbere zigurishwa zishyira ahantu ho gusiganwa hifashishijwe hydrogen?
Muri rusange, hydrogen ni imwe mu masosiyete akomeye ku isi akoresha imodoka mu guhitamo inzira y'ejo hazaza. Kuri ubu, ivugurura ry'imiterere y'ingufu riri gutuma uruhererekane rw'inganda z'ingufu za hydrogen ku isi rutangira ku ntera yagutse. Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga rya lisansi, iterambere ryihuse ry'ibikenewe, kwaguka guhoraho k'umusaruro w'ibigo n'urwego rwo kwamamaza, iterambere rihoraho ry'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa bizamuka ndetse n'irushanwa rihoraho ry'abitabira isoko, ikiguzi n'igiciro bya lisansi bizagabanuka cyane. Muri iki gihe, iyo iterambere rirambye rishyigikiwe, ingufu za hydrogen, ingufu zisukuye, zizagira isoko ryagutse. Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu nshya mu gihe kizaza rizaba mu byiciro byinshi, kandi imodoka zikoresha ingufu za hydrogen zizakomeza kwihutisha umuvuduko w'iterambere.
Umunsi w’abashoramari wa Tesla wa 2023 wabereye mu nzu ndangamurage ya Gigafactory muri Texas. Umuyobozi mukuru wa Tesla, Elon Musk, yashyize ahagaragara igice cya gatatu cya "Master Plan" ya Tesla -- impinduka zirambuye ku ngufu zirambye, zigamije kugera ku ngufu zirambye 100% bitarenze umwaka wa 2050.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-13-2023