1, tātari rango
(1) Te hanganga o te tātari porotaka
Ko te mata rango he mea hanga nui mai i te pūnaha tuku, te pou matua, te anga tātari, te mata mata, te anga hiri me te anga.
Hei whiwhi i ngā matūriki o ngā rahi rerekē i te wā kotahi, ka taea te tāuta i ngā rahi rerekē o ngā mata ki te roanga katoa o te tātari. I roto i te hanga whakairoiro, e rua ngā rahi rerekē o ngā mata e tāutahia ana, hei whakaiti i te rahi o te matūriki o te rauemi ātete. Ā, ko ngā rauemi nui ake i te rahi mōrahi o te matūriki o te rauemi ātete ka taea te tātari katoa, ka whakatakotoria te tātari o te kōhao tātari iti ki te taha o te tomokanga whāngai, ā, ka whakatakotoria te mata o te kōhao tātari nui ki te taha o te whakatuwheratanga tuku.
(2) Te kaupapa mahi o te tātari porotaka
Ka hurihia e te motuka te tuaka pokapū o te mata mā roto i te taputapu whakaheke tere, ā, ka hikitia te rauemi ki tētahi teitei i roto i te rango nā te kaha waku, kātahi ka hurihia ki raro i raro i te kaha o te kaha ā-papa, kia tātarihia ai te rauemi i a ia e whakapiko ana i te mata mata whakapiko. Ka neke mārire mai i te pito whāngai ki te pito tuku, ka haere ngā matūriki angiangi mā roto i te whakatuwheratanga mata ki roto i te tātari, ā, ka kohia ngā matūriki taratara ki te pito o te rango tātari.
Hei neke i te rauemi i roto i te rango i te ahunga tuaka, me tāuta kia whakarara, ā, ko te koki i waenga i te tuaka me te papa whakapae he 4°–9° te nuinga. Ko te tere hurihuri o te tatari porotaka ka tohua i roto i te awhe e whai ake nei.
(whakawhitinga / meneti)
R te pūtoro o roto o te oko (mita).
Ka taea te tatau i te kaha whakaputa o te tātari porotaka penei:
Te kaha whakaputa o te tātari oko-Q (tēne/haora); te tere hurihuri o te tātari oko-n (huringa/meneti);
Ρ-kiato rauemi (tana / mita pūtoru) μ – te tauwehenga wetewete rauemi, ko te nuinga he 0.4-0.6;
Te pūtoro o roto o te pae-R (m) h – te matotoru mōrahi o te paparanga rauemi (m) α – te koki piko (ngā nekehanga) o te tatari porotaka.
Pikitia 3-5 Te hoahoa kauwhata o te mata rango
2, ararewa peere
(1) hanganga ararewa peere
Ko te ararewa peere he mea tito mai i te hopper, he mekameka tuku (whitiki), he wāhanga tuku, he wāhanga o runga, he anga waenga, me te wāhanga o raro (hiku). I te wā e hangaia ana, me whāngai ōrite te ararewa peere, ā, kaua e nui rawa te whāngai kia kore ai te wāhanga o raro e āraia e te rauemi. Ina mahi ana te hiki, me kati ngā tatau tirotiro katoa. Mena he hapa i te wā e mahi ana, kati tonu te oma, ā, whakakorea te hapa. Me tirotiro tonu ngā kaimahi i te nekehanga o ngā wāhanga katoa o te hiki, tirohia ngā pūtu hono i ngā wāhi katoa, ā, me whakakī i ngā wā katoa. Me whakarite te taputapu whakapūmau porowhita wāhanga o raro kia mōhio ai kei te pai te mahi a te mekameka hopper (whitiki rānei). Me tīmata te hiki i raro i te kore kawenga, ā, me whakamutu i muri i te tukunga o ngā rauemi katoa.
(2) te kaha whakaputa ararewa peere
Te kaha whakaputa Q
Ko te rōrahi o te hopara-i0 (mita pūtoru); te teitei o te hopara-a (m); te tere o te hopara-v (m/h);
Ko te tauwehenga whakakī-φ e tangohia whānuitia ana ko te 0.7; te taumaha motuhake o te rauemi γ (tēne/m3);
Κ – tauwehenga kore taurite o ngā rauemi, tangohia 1.2 ~ 1.6.
Pikitia 3-6 Te hoahoa kauwhata o te ararewa peere
Te kaha whakaputa mata Q-peera (tēne / hāora); te tere o te mata n-peera (huringa / meneti);
Ρ-kiato rauemi (tana / mita pūtoru) μ – te tauwehenga wetewete rauemi, ko te nuinga he 0.4-0.6;
Te pūtoro o roto o te pae-R (m) h – te matotoru mōrahi o te paparanga rauemi (m) α – te koki piko (ngā nekehanga) o te tatari porotaka.
Pikitia 3-5 Te hoahoa kauwhata o te mata rango
3, whitiki kawe
Ka wehea ngā momo whitiki kawe ki ngā whitiki pūmau me ngā whitiki nekeneke. Ko te tikanga o te whitiki kawe pūmau kei te tūranga pūmau te whitiki kawe, ā, kua pūmau te rauemi e whakawhitia ana. Kei raro i te whitiki kawe neke te wira whitiki reti, ā, ka taea te neke i te whitiki kawe mā roto i ngā rēri i runga i te whenua kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te kawe rauemi ki ngā wāhi maha. Me tāpiri te hinu whakahinuhinu ki te whitiki kawe i te wā tika, me tīmata me te kore kawenga, ā, ka taea te uta me te whakahaere i muri i te whakahaere me te kore he peka. Kua kitea i muri i te whakaweto i te whitiki, me kimi te take o te peka i te wā tika, kātahi ka whakatikatika i te rauemi i muri i te wetewete i te rauemi ki runga i te whitiki.
Pikitia 3-7 Te hoahoa kauwhata o te kawe whitiki
Ouma whakakāwhata aho o roto
Ko te āhuatanga o te mata o te aho o roto ko te hono o ngā irahiko ki te taha tuaka, ā, ka whakamahia he pēhanga hei whakarite kia pai te hononga. Kāore e hiahiatia he rauemi ātete hiko mō te aho o roto, ā, ko te hua tonu he pūtake oumu, kia iti ai te ātete oumu o roto. Hei whiwhi i te ātete oumu nui, me te whakanui ake i te putanga, me roa te oumu aho o roto. Heoi, nā ngā herenga o te wheketere, me te hiahia kia roa te oumu o roto, he maha ngā oumu āhua-U i hangaia. Ka taea te hanga i ngā mokowā e rua o te oumu aho o roto āhua-U ki roto i te tinana, ā, ka honoa e te pae paraharaha parahi ngohengohe o waho. Ka taea hoki te hanga ki roto i te kotahi, me te pakitara pereki tuwhera i waenganui. Ko te mahi a te pakitara pereki tuwhera o waenganui ko te wehewehe i a ia kia rua ngā mokowā oumu kua wehea tetahi i tetahi. Mena kua hangaia ki roto i te kotahi, i roto i te tukanga whakaputa, me aro tātou ki te tiaki i te pakitara pereki tuwhera o waenganui me te irahiko arataki hononga o roto. Kia kore e tino pai te ārai o te pakitara pereki kōhao o waenganui, kia pakaru rānei te hiko hiko hononga o roto, ka puta he aituā whakaputa, ka puta i roto i ngā take kino. Te āhuatanga "ouma pupuhi". Ko ngā awaawa āhua-U o te aho o roto he mea hanga i ngā pereki ātete-wera, i te raima ātete-wera rānei. Ko te awaawa āhua-U kua wehea he mea hanga hoki i ngā tinana maha i hangaia ki ngā pereti rino, kātahi ka honoa ki tētahi rauemi ārai. Heoi, kua whakamātauhia he ngāwari te whakapēhanga o te tinana i hangaia ki te pereti rino, ā, kāore e taea e te rauemi ārai te hono pai i ngā tinana e rua, ā, he nui te mahi tiaki.
Pikitia 3-8 Te hoahoa kauwhata o te oumu aho o roto me te pakitara pereki tuwhera i waenganui
Hei ako, hei tohatoha noa iho tēnei tuhinga, ehara i te mea hei whakamahi mā te pakihi. Mēnā he hapa, whakapā mai.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-09-2019