ABB yasinyanye amasezerano y’ubwumvikane (MOU) na Hydrogène de France kugira ngo bakore sisitemu za lisansi zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bwa megawati (OGVs) zihuriweho. Amasezerano y’ubwumvikane hagati ya ABB n’inzobere mu ikoranabuhanga rya hydrogen Hydrogène de France (HDF) ateganya ubufatanye bwa hafi mu guteranya no gukora uruganda rw’amashanyarazi rukoreshwa mu mazi.
Dushingiye ku bufatanye busanzwe bwatangajwe ku ya 27 Kamena 2018 na Ballard Power Systems, ikigo gikomeye ku isi gitanga ibisubizo bya lisansi ya porotoni (PEM), ABB na HDF bigamije kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukora lisansi kugira ngo hakorwe uruganda rw'amashanyarazi rufite megawati ku bwato bwo mu mazi. Ubu buryo bushya buzashingira ku ruganda rw'amashanyarazi rufite megawati rwakozwe na ABB na Ballard, kandi buzakorerwa mu nyubako nshya ya HDF i Bordeaux, mu Bufaransa.
HDF yishimiye cyane gukorana na ABB mu guteranya no gukora sisitemu za lisansi zikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bw’amazi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Ballard.
Kubera ko hari ukwiyongera gukenewe kw'ibisubizo bifasha ubwikorezi bw'ubwato burambye kandi bufite inshingano, twizeye ko uturemangingo twa lisansi tuzagira uruhare runini mu gufasha inganda zo mu mazi kugera ku ntego zo kugabanya CO2. Gusinya amasezerano y'ubufatanye na HDF bitwegereza intambwe yo gutuma iri koranabuhanga riboneka mu gukoresha ingufu mu bwato bugenda mu nyanja.
Kubera ko ubwikorezi bw’amazi ari bwo butuma habaho hafi 2.5% by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi, hari igitutu cyiyongera ku nganda zikora mu mazi cyo guhindagura zigakoresha ingufu zirambye. Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga ushinzwe kugenzura ubwikorezi bw’amazi, wihaye intego yo kugabanya byibuze 50% by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere buri mwaka bitarenze umwaka wa 2050 ugereranije n’urwego rwo mu 2008.
Mu ikoranabuhanga ritarimo imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ABB imaze gutera imbere cyane mu guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’uturemangingo tw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli ku bwato. Uturemangingo tw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli dufatwa nk’imwe mu nzira nziza zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Muri iki gihe, ubu buryo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga nta byuka bushobora gukoresha imbaraga mu bwato bugenda intera ngufi, ndetse no gushyigikira ingufu zikenewe mu bwato bunini.
Ishoramari rya ABB mu bijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije, rituma imijyi igezweho, inganda n'ubwikorezi bigabanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere no kubungabunga umutungo kamere udasubira, ryagize 57% by'amafaranga yose yinjira mu 2019. Iyi sosiyete iri mu nzira yo kugera kuri 60% by'amafaranga yinjira mu mpera za 2020.
Ibi bishobora guhindura uko mbona ikoranabuhanga rya FC rishobora gukoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu kure. ABB na Hydrogène de France bazubaka inganda z’amashanyarazi zingana na megawati nyinshi zishobora gukoresha amato manini (HDF yageze ku rwego rwo hejuru ku isi mu 2019 i Martinique ku mushinga wa ClearGen hamwe no gushyiraho no gutangiza akazu k’ibikomoka kuri peteroli gakoresha ingufu nyinshi - MW 1). Ikibazo cyonyine ni uburyo bwo kubika H2 mu bwato, ntabwo ari ibigega by’umuvuduko mwinshi. Igisubizo gisa nka ammonia cyangwa igikoresho cy’amazi cya hydrogen (LOHC). LOHC ishobora kuba yoroshye cyane. Hydrogenious mu Bufaransa na Chiyoda mu Buyapani byamaze kugaragaza ikoranabuhanga. LOHC ishobora gufatwa nk’ibikomoka kuri peteroli bikoreshwa ubu kandi igikoresho gito cyo gukuraho hydrogen mu bwato gishobora gutanga hydrogen (reba ku ipaji ya 10 kuri iki kiganiro, https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/10/f56/fcto-infrastructure-workshop-2018-32-kurosaki.pdf).
Dushingiye ku bufatanye buriho bwatangajwe ku ya 27 Kamena 2018 na Ballard Power Systems, ikigo gikomeye ku isi gitanga ibisubizo bya selile za lisansi za proton exchange membrane (PEM). Bityo, izi vessels zijya mu nyanja zizakoreshwa na selile za lisansi za PEM. Ikibabaje ni uko ntaho bihuriye n'uburyo bwo kubika hydrogen bwakoreshejwe. LOHC yaba nziza kuko nta vessels ifite umuvuduko cyangwa ikonje ifite. Ibigo bibiri birimo gushaka ingufu z'amato na LOHC: Hydrogenious na H2-Industries. Ariko, hari igihombo kinini cy'ingufu (30%) gifitanye isano n'inzira yo gukuraho hydrogen mu mubiri. (Reba: https://www.motorship.com/news101/alternative-fuels/hydrogen-no-pressure,-no-chill) Ikintu kimwe gishobora guturuka ku rubuga rwa interineti rw'abafatanyabikorwa ba ABB "Hydrogen on the high sea: welcome tower!" (https://new.abb.com/news/detail/7658/hydrogen-on-the-high-seas-welcome-aboard) Bavuga kuri hydrogen y’amazi kandi bakerekana ko "amahame y’ibanze ari amwe kuri LNG (gaze karemano ifunze) cyangwa izindi lisansi nkeya. Tumaze kumenya uburyo bwo gucunga gaze y’amazi, bityo ikoranabuhanga rirakoreshwa. Ikibazo nyacyo ubu ni uguteza imbere ibikorwa remezo."
Ubunararibonye nagize mu myaka mike ishize mu gutwara imodoka ya BEV ntagereranywa. Gusana gusa byakozwe nk'uko byagenwe n'isosiyete ya OEM n'amapine yashaje. Ntaho bihuriye na ICE drive. Nagombaga kwitondera cyane igihe cyo kurangira nyuma yo gusharija kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo ntari narigeze mbona. Ariko, nishimiye cyane kongera igihe cyo kunyuramo inshuro 2 kugeza kuri 3 z'ibyo bishoboka ubu. Ubworoherane, ituze n'imikorere myiza ya electrode drive ni ntagereranywa ugereranije na ICE. Nyuma yo koza imodoka, ICE iracyanuka mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha; BEV ntabwo ibikora - haba mbere cyangwa nyuma yayo. Sinkeneye ICE. Ndatekereza ko yakoze akazi kayo kandi yangiritse bihagije. Reka ipfe maze ubone umwanya wo kuyisimbura. RIP ICE
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-02-2020