Kua hainatia e ABB tētahi Whakaaetanga Whakamārama (MOU) me Hydrogène de France hei hanga tahi i ngā pūnaha pūtau wahie tauine megawatt ka taea te whakakaha i ngā kaipuke moana (OGV). Ko te MOU i waenganui i a ABB me te tohunga hangarau hauwai Hydrogène de France (HDF) e whakaatu ana i te mahi tahi tata ki te huihuinga me te hanga i te tipu hiko pūtau wahie mō ngā tono moana.
I runga i te mahi tahi o nāianei i panuitia i te 27 o Hune 2018 me Ballard Power Systems, te kaiwhakarato matua o te ao mō ngā otinga pūtau wahie membrane whakawhiti proton (PEM), e hiahia ana a ABB me HDF ki te arotau i ngā kaha hanga pūtau wahie hei whakaputa i tētahi tipu hiko tauine megawatt mō ngā kaipuke moana. Ka ahu mai te pūnaha hou i te tipu hiko pūtau wahie tauine megawatt i whakawhanakehia ngātahitia e ABB me Ballard, ā, ka hangaia ki te whare hou o HDF i Bordeaux, Wīwī.
He nui te harikoa o HDF ki te mahi tahi me ABB ki te huihui me te whakaputa i ngā pūnaha pūtau wahie tauine-megawatt mō te mākete moana i runga i te hangarau Ballard.
I te piki haere tonu o te hiahia mō ngā otinga e āhei ai te tuku kaipuke pumau, kawenga hoki, e u ana tō mātou whakaaro ka whai wāhi nui ngā pūtau wahie ki te āwhina i te umanga moana ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga whakaiti CO2. Mā te hainatanga o te MOU me HDF ka tata atu mātou ki te whakarite kia wātea tēnei hangarau hei whakakaha i ngā kaipuke e rere ana i te moana.
I te mea ko te kawe kaipuke te take o te 2.5% o ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi katoa o te ao, kei te piki haere te pēhanga mō te umanga moana kia neke atu ki ngā pūtake hiko tauwhiro ake. Ko te International Maritime Organization, he tari a te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua e whai kawenga ana mō te whakahaere i ngā kaipuke, kua whakatakoto i tētahi whāinga ā-ao kia whakaitihia ngā tukunga ā-tau mā te 50% pea i te tau 2050 mai i ngā taumata o te tau 2008.
I roto i ngā hangarau rerekē kāore he tukunga, kua tino matatau a ABB i roto i te whakawhanaketanga tahi o ngā pūnaha pūtau wahie mō ngā kaipuke. E whakaarohia whānuitia ana ngā pūtau wahie hei tētahi o ngā otinga tino whai hua mō te whakaiti i ngā poke kino. I tēnei rā tonu, ka taea e tēnei hangarau kore-tukunga te whakakaha i ngā kaipuke e rere ana i ngā tawhiti poto, me te tautoko i ngā hiahia pūngao tāpiri mō ngā kaipuke nunui.
Ko te putea whai hua taiao a ABB, e āhei ai ngā tāone atamai pumau, ngā ahumahi me ngā pūnaha kawe waka ki te whakaiti i te huringa āhuarangi me te tiaki i ngā rauemi kāore e taea te whakahou, i eke ki te 57% o ngā moni whiwhi katoa i te tau 2019. Kei te huarahi tika te kamupene ki te eke ki te 60% o ngā moni whiwhi i te mutunga o te tau 2020.
Tērā pea ka huri tēnei i taku tirohanga mō te whai huatanga o te hangarau FC mō ngā tono kaipuke tawhiti. Ka hangaia e ABB me Hydrogène de France ngā tipu hiko maha-megawatt ka taea te whakakaha i ngā kaipuke nunui (i tutuki i a HDF te tuatahi o te ao i te tau 2019 i Martinique i runga i te kaupapa ClearGen me te tāutanga me te whakatinanatanga o tētahi pūtau wahie kaha-teitei – 1 MW). Ko te pātai anake ko te pēhea te penapena i te H2 i runga i te waka, ehara i te mea ko ngā tāke pēhanga teitei. Ko te whakautu he rite ki te haukini, ki te kawe hauwai wai rānei (LOHC). Ko te LOHC pea te mea māmā rawa. Kua whakaatuhia kētia te hangarau e Hydrogenious i Parani me Chiyoda i Hapani. Ka taea te whakahaere i te LOHC rite ki ngā wahie wai o nāianei, ā, ka taea e tētahi whare tango hauwai iti i runga i te kaipuke te tuku i te hauwai (tirohia te whārangi 10 i runga i tēnei whakaaturanga, https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/10/f56/fcto-infrastructure-workshop-2018-32-kurosaki.pdf).
I runga i tētahi mahi tahi kua oti kē te pānui i te 27 o Hune 2018 me Ballard Power Systems, te kaiwhakarato matua o te ao mō ngā otinga pūtau wahie membrane whakawhiti proton (PEM). Nō reira, ka whakakahangia ēnei kaipuke moana e ngā pūtau wahie PEM. Engari, kāore he kōrero mō te tikanga rokiroki hauwai e whakamahia ana. He pai te LOHC nā te mea kāore he ipu pēhanga, he ipu makariri rānei. E rua ngā kamupene e titiro ana ki te whakakaha i ngā kaipuke me te LOHC: Hydrogenious me H2-Industries. Heoi, he nui ngā mate pūngao (30%) e pā ana ki te tukanga dehydrogenation endothermic. (Tohutoro: https://www.motorship.com/news101/alternative-fuels/hydrogen-no-pressure,-no-chill) Tērā pea ka puta mai tētahi tohu i te paetukutuku hoa ABB "Hauwai i runga i te moana nui: nau mai haere mai!" (https://new.abb.com/news/detail/7658/hydrogen-on-the-high-seas-welcome-aboard) E kōrero ana rātou mō te hauwai wai, ā, e kī ana "he rite tonu ngā mātāpono taketake mō te LNG (hau māori waikura) me ētahi atu wahie iti te mura. E mōhio ana tātou ki te whakahaere i te hau wai, nō reira kua matatau te hangarau. Ko te wero tūturu inaianei ko te whakawhanake i te hanganga."
Kāore he rite o ngā wheako kua riro mai i ahau i ngā tau kua pahure ake nei ki te taraiwa i tētahi BEV. Ko ngā mahi tiaki anake i mahia i runga i ngā whakaritenga a te OEM me ngā potae tawhito. Kāore rawa he rite ki tētahi puku ICE. I aro nui atu ahau ki te whānuitanga paunga i muri i te wā utu hei karo i ngā raruraru i muri mai kāore anō kia tūtaki ahau. Heoi, e mihi ana ahau ki te whakanui ake i te whānuitanga o te 2 ki te 3 ngā wā o te mea ka taea i tēnei wā. Ko te māmā, te marino me te whai huatanga o tētahi puku hiko he tino kore e taea te patu i te ICE. I muri i te horoinga motuka, ka haunga tonu te ICE i te wā e whakamahia ana; kāore te BEV e haunga - i mua atu, i muri mai rānei. Kāore au e hiahia ki tētahi ICE. Ki taku whakaaro kua oti tana mahi, ā, kua nui atu ngā kino. Tukua kia mate, kia wātea ai he wāhi mō tētahi whakakapinga tika. RIP ICE
Wā tuku: Mei-02-2020